Objective:To develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of a questionnaire for assessing long-term care needs among community-dwelling older adults.Methods:Guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), an initial item pool for the questionnaire was constructed based on literature review, descriptive qualitative research, and expert consultations. The draft questionnaire was formulated by transforming the established indicator system for long-term care needs into survey items. Using stratified sampling, a total of 622 older adults from community settings in Changsha were surveyed between June and August 2021. Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability testing were conducted.Results:The final questionnaire consists of three subscales (mental function, physical function, and activity and participation), comprising a total of 47 items. The item-level content validity index ( I- CVI) ranged from 0.830 to 1.000, and the scale-level content validity index ( S- CVI) was 0.915. EFA results showed that the extracted factors aligned well with the predefined dimensions after adjustment, with factor loadings exceeding 0.600 and cumulative variance contributions exceeding 70.000% for all subscales. CFA results indicated good model fit across all subscales and the overall questionnaire, confirming stable structural validity. The Cronbach's α coefficients ranged from 0.877 to 0.970, and test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0.901 to 0.957. Conclusions:The long-term care needs assessment questionnaire for community-dwelling older adults demonstrates strong reliability and validity, and can serve as a reliable tool for evaluating long-term care needs in this population.

Objective:To develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of a questionnaire for assessing long-term care needs among community-dwelling older adults.Methods:Guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), an initial item pool for the questionnaire was constructed based on literature review, descriptive qualitative research, and expert consultations. The draft questionnaire was formulated by transforming the established indicator system for long-term care needs into survey items. Using stratified sampling, a total of 622 older adults from community settings in Changsha were surveyed between June and August 2021. Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability testing were conducted.Results:The final questionnaire consists of three subscales (mental function, physical function, and activity and participation), comprising a total of 47 items. The item-level content validity index ( I- CVI) ranged from 0.830 to 1.000, and the scale-level content validity index ( S- CVI) was 0.915. EFA results showed that the extracted factors aligned well with the predefined dimensions after adjustment, with factor loadings exceeding 0.600 and cumulative variance contributions exceeding 70.000% for all subscales. CFA results indicated good model fit across all subscales and the overall questionnaire, confirming stable structural validity. The Cronbach's α coefficients ranged from 0.877 to 0.970, and test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0.901 to 0.957. Conclusions:The long-term care needs assessment questionnaire for community-dwelling older adults demonstrates strong reliability and validity, and can serve as a reliable tool for evaluating long-term care needs in this population.

Objective:To construct an evaluation index system for the long-term care needs of community-dwelling elderly.Methods:Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, a preliminary evaluation index system was formed using literature research and descriptive research. The evaluation index system was revised and improved through the expert consultation.Results:Two rounds of consultation were conducted on 20 experts. The effective response rates of the questionnaire for two rounds of expert consultation were 90.0% (18/20) and 94.4% (17/18), respectively. The expert opinion submission rates were 94.4% (17/18) and 29.4% (5/17), and the expert authority coefficients were 0.94 and 0.95, respectively. After two rounds of expert consultation, the coefficient of variation of each indicator was less than 0.15, and the Kendall harmony coefficients of the overall indicator and all levels of indicators were 0.277 to 0.441 (all P<0.01). The final evaluation index system consisted of three first-level indicators, 12 second-level indicators, and 49 third-level indicators. Conclusions:The construction process of the evaluation index system established is rigorous, the content is comprehensive, and the research methods and results are scientific and reliable. It can provide a basis for further developing long-term care needs assessment tools for community-dwelling elderly and establishing grading standards for long-term care needs assessment.

Objective In order to protect the natural resources of Swertia bimaculata which has been destroyed seriously,the method of artificial propagation by way of tissue culture have been systematically studied.Methods The stems,leaves,and stems with buds which were from the seedlings germinated from the seeds on the initial medium were taken as explants.These explants were cultured on MS culture media by adding different portions of hormones at various cultural conditions.Results The stems were the best material in speeding propagation among the three explants.The proper initial medium for the stems was MS+ BA 0.5 mg/L+saccharose 3.0%,the optimum medium for proliferation was MS+BA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L+saccharose 3.0%,and the best medium for rooting was 1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+saccharose 1.5%.Conclusion Tissue culture of S.bimaculata could make its propagation rapid,its resources preserved,and its utilization last.