Lung transplantation is a definitive treatment for end-stage lung disease and can significantly improve patient prognosis. However, postoperative complications such as infection, rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury and chronic lung allograft dysfunction intertwine to form a complex pathological network, posing persistent challenges to long-term patient survival. In 2025, research teams worldwide have made systematic progress in the field of basic lung transplantation research. By integrating cutting-edge technologies including single-cell multi-omics, spatial transcriptomics and novel animal models, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the evolutionary dynamics of drug-resistant infections, molecular mechanisms of immune regulation, programmed cell death, optimization of donor lung protection strategies and early warning of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. This article systematically reviews the representative advances in basic lung transplantation research worldwide in 2025, and deeply analyzes the implications of mechanistic breakthroughs for optimizing diagnosis and treatment strategies, aiming to anchor the direction for innovative breakthroughs and clinical translation in basic lung transplantation research.

Objectives:To compare the efficacy and imaging parameters of lateral lumbar interbody fusion(LLIF)combined with anterolateral screw fixation(AF)or bilateral pedicle screw fixation(BPSF)in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease(LDD).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 100 patients with single-segment LDD who underwent LLIF-AF or LLIF-BPSF treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between December 2019 and December 2021.The patients were divided into the AF group(50 cases)and the BPSF group(50 cases).There was no statistical difference in the general informa-tion such as gender,age,and body mass index(BMI)between the two groups(P＞0.05).The perioperative data(length of hospital stay,operative time,intraoperative blood loss);Pre-operative,postoperative 7d,postoperative 6 months' visual analog scale(VAS)scores for low back and leg pain,Oswestry disablity index(ODI),imaging parameters such as disc height(DH),foraminal height(FH),cross-sectional area(CSA),as well as surgical complications were collected and analyzed,and the risk factors for intervertebral subsidence and non-fusion of fusion device were explored.Results:AF group was better than BPSF group in operative time,intraoperative blood loss,and hospital stay[125.0±26.6min vs 221.6±52.2min,25.0mL(20.0-50.0mL)vs 100.0mL(90.0-150.0mL),12.5±4.8d vs 14.9±4.6d],and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).For the low back and leg pain VAS scores and ODI,as well as DH,FH,and CSA,the postoperative 7d and 6 months'values were signiticantly improved than before operation in both groups(P＜0.05),while no statistically significant differences were found between groups at the same time points(P＞0.05).Intervertebral subsidence occurred in 12 patients in each group,and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.There were statistically significant differences in BMI and QCT between the AF and BPSF groups of patients with subsidence of the intervertebral space and those without subsidence at 6 months after operation;There were statistically significant differences in QCT between the two groups of patients with non-fusion and fusion of the fusion device;BMI≥28kg/m2 and QCT＜80mg/cm3 were the independent risk factors for intervertebral subsidence in AF group,but not in the BPSF group;QCT＜80mg/cm3 was the independent risk facors for non-fusion of fusion device in both AF and BPSF groups.Conclusions:LLIF combined with AF or BPSF are both reliable methods for treating LDD.For patients with a high body weight of BMI≥28kg/m2 or decreased bone density of QCT＜80mg/cm3,BPSF internal fixation can provide stronger mechanical stability to the spine,reducing the incidence of postoperative disc space collapse or fusion device non-union;On the contrary,AF internal fixation has shorter operative time and hospital stay,less intraoperative blood loss,which can be considered as a priority.

Objectives:To compare the efficacy and imaging parameters of lateral lumbar interbody fusion(LLIF)combined with anterolateral screw fixation(AF)or bilateral pedicle screw fixation(BPSF)in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease(LDD).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 100 patients with single-segment LDD who underwent LLIF-AF or LLIF-BPSF treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between December 2019 and December 2021.The patients were divided into the AF group(50 cases)and the BPSF group(50 cases).There was no statistical difference in the general informa-tion such as gender,age,and body mass index(BMI)between the two groups(P＞0.05).The perioperative data(length of hospital stay,operative time,intraoperative blood loss);Pre-operative,postoperative 7d,postoperative 6 months' visual analog scale(VAS)scores for low back and leg pain,Oswestry disablity index(ODI),imaging parameters such as disc height(DH),foraminal height(FH),cross-sectional area(CSA),as well as surgical complications were collected and analyzed,and the risk factors for intervertebral subsidence and non-fusion of fusion device were explored.Results:AF group was better than BPSF group in operative time,intraoperative blood loss,and hospital stay[125.0±26.6min vs 221.6±52.2min,25.0mL(20.0-50.0mL)vs 100.0mL(90.0-150.0mL),12.5±4.8d vs 14.9±4.6d],and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).For the low back and leg pain VAS scores and ODI,as well as DH,FH,and CSA,the postoperative 7d and 6 months'values were signiticantly improved than before operation in both groups(P＜0.05),while no statistically significant differences were found between groups at the same time points(P＞0.05).Intervertebral subsidence occurred in 12 patients in each group,and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.There were statistically significant differences in BMI and QCT between the AF and BPSF groups of patients with subsidence of the intervertebral space and those without subsidence at 6 months after operation;There were statistically significant differences in QCT between the two groups of patients with non-fusion and fusion of the fusion device;BMI≥28kg/m2 and QCT＜80mg/cm3 were the independent risk factors for intervertebral subsidence in AF group,but not in the BPSF group;QCT＜80mg/cm3 was the independent risk facors for non-fusion of fusion device in both AF and BPSF groups.Conclusions:LLIF combined with AF or BPSF are both reliable methods for treating LDD.For patients with a high body weight of BMI≥28kg/m2 or decreased bone density of QCT＜80mg/cm3,BPSF internal fixation can provide stronger mechanical stability to the spine,reducing the incidence of postoperative disc space collapse or fusion device non-union;On the contrary,AF internal fixation has shorter operative time and hospital stay,less intraoperative blood loss,which can be considered as a priority.

Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and relationship with mucin MUC5AC,MUC5B secretion.Methods The expression of HIF-1 α,MUC5 AC and MUC5 B were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC),Western Blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in CRS with or without nasal polyps (CRSwNP:twenty-three or CRSsNP:twenty)and fifteen normal sinus mucosa without CRS.The relationship between HIF-1α and MUC5AC,MUC5B were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software.Results PAS and IHC showed that HIF-1α,MUC5AC,MUC5B,total mucins were expressed in nuclear of epithelium and gland cells,which were higher than normal control (t values in epithelium cells were 8.650,9.305,9.382,8.524,7.533,5.417,5.507,5.556,all P ＜ 0.05 ; t values in gland cells were 8.285,7.098,6.798,7.308,8.574,7.933,6.798,7.308,all P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between CRSwNP and CRSsNP (t values in epithelium cells were 0.734,0.415,0.572,0.248,all P ＞ 0.05 ; t values in gland cells were 0.331,0.662,0.249,0.644,P ＞ 0.05).Western Blot revealed that HIF-lα protein in CRSwNP and CRSsNP were higher than in normal contral (t values were 3.522,3.314,respectively,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression levels of HIF-1α,MUC5AC,MUC5B mRNA in CRSwNP and CRSsNP were 1.35 ± 0.84,1.36 ± 0.94,0.81 ± 0.54,0.78 ± 0.46,1.13 ± 1.00,1.22 ± 1.02.But the relative expression levels of HIF-1 α,MUC5AC,MUC5 B mRNA in control subjects were 0.43 ± 0.34,0.42 ± 0.36,0.48 ± 0.42.There were significant differences between the groups of CRSwNP and control subiects(t values were 4.087,4.089,2.519,2.550,2.738,2.955,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).There was a positive correlation among the expression of HIF-1 α and MUC5AC,5 B mRNA in CRSwNP (r values were 0.474,0.464,respectively,all P ＜0.05).There was a positive correlation among the expression of HIF-1α and MUC5AC,5B mRNA in CRSsNP (r values were 0.477,0.514,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HIF-1 α,MUC5AC and MUC5B expression were upregulated in CRS with or without nasal polyps,indicating CRS is a disease of mucus hypersecretion and there is a close association between HIF-1α with hypersecretion of MUC5AC and MUC5B in mucus.

Objective In this study,we investigated the potential of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC) for use as a source of transplants for the restoration of auditory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons.Methods We co-cultured the mouse iPSC with the cells of the cochlear organ of Corti or the modiolus in vitro.The cochlear organ of Corti (which contains cochlear hair cells) and the modiolus (which contains auditory spiral ganglion neurons) were obtained from postnatal day 3 (P3) CD-1 ICR mice.After 18 days of coculture with the cells of newborn mouse cochleae.The expressions of hair cell markers (Myosin Ⅶ a,Math1,Calretinin,Espin) and Spiral ganglion neuron markers [Nestin,Neurofilament-M,β-Ⅲ Tubulin,Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1)] were detected by immunocytochemical analysis.Results Immunocytochemical analysis results indicated that the differentiated iPSC expressed auditory hair cell markers (Myosin Ⅶ a,Math1,Calretinin,Espin) and spiral ganglion markers (Nestin,Neurofilament-M,β-Ⅲ Tubulin,VGluT1).Conclusion Mouse iPSC in virto cultured could successfully be induced to differentiate into hair cell-like cells and spiral ganglion-like cells with hair cell and spiral ganglion molecular markers.