Fresh-cut processing constitutes a pivotal technique in the origin processing of Chinese medicinal materials， with a long history documented in multiple materia medica. In recent years， it has garnered national policy support for its ability to prevent component loss and low processing efficiency associated with traditional drying-before-cutting methods. As of August 2025， 26 provinces and municipalities nationwide have cumulatively published 789 species for fresh-cut processing. Among these， 78 were included in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. However， the practice continues to face common challenges and difficulties， including ambiguous scientific understanding， fragmented standards， limited quality control approaches， and poor process stability. Based on this， this paper synthesises years of research findings to systematically elucidate the core mechanisms of fresh-cut processing. These encompass alterations to herbal tissue structure during cutting， post-processing changes in constituents， and physiological-biochemical processes such as plant stress responses and shifts in endogenous enzyme activity. It also summarises influencing factors， including inherent herbal properties， cutting timing and methods， and environmental conditions like temperature， humidity， and microbial presence. Based on this overview of fresh-cutting mechanisms， subsequent research should advance in four directions：Clarifying the scientific principles of fresh-cutting， overcoming technical bottlenecks， upgrading intelligent equipment， and establishing quality standards and evaluation systems. This study provides a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for future research on fresh-cutting in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， promoting its deeper practical application within the industry and contributing to the high-quality development of TCM industry and the modernization of TCM.

Objective To systematic evaluate the impact of applying the clinical nursing pathway(CNP)on epidural anesthetic analgesia natural delivery.Methods The randomized controlled trial(RCT)and quasi-experimental researches on the application of CNP in epidural anesthetic analgesia natural delivery were retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,China Knowledge Network database,Wanfang database,VIP and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database.The retrieval time limit was from January 1,2014,to July 31,2024 with no language limitation.The meta analysis on the included studies was performed by applying RevMan5.4.1.Results A total of 5 RCTs and 2 quasi-experimental studies were in-cluded,involving 979 parturients with deliveries.The meta analysis showed that compared with the conven-tional nursing,CNP could shorten the duration of the first stage of labor(MD=—1.06,95％CI:—1.95——0.17,P=0.02)and the duration of the second stage of labor(MD=—0.12,95％CI:—0.21——0.03,P=0.006);decreased the rate of perineal lateral incision(RR=0.73,95％CI:0.65-0.83,P＜0.001)and inci-dence rate of postpartum urinary retention(RR=0.35,95％CI:0.20-0.63,P＜0.001);and shortened the time to lactation initiation(SMD=—1.52,95％CI:—2.38——0.66,P＜0.001).There was no influence on reducing postpartum 24 h hemorrhage amount(SMD=—0.51,95％CI:—1.23-0.21,P=0.16).The study subjects were divided into the primipara women subgroup and unclassified parturients subgroup.Compared with the conventional nursing group,compared with the conventional nursing,CNP had no impact on the dura-tion of the first stage of labor(MD=—0.32,95％CI:—0.61-0.98,P=0.63)and the duration of the second stage of labor(MD=—0.11,95％CI:—0.25-0.04,P=0.15)in the primipara women subgroup.CNP could reduce the postpartum 24 h hemorrhage volume in the unclassified parturients subgroup(SMD=—1.47,95％CI:—1.72——1.21,P＜0.001).Conclusion Application of CNP in parturients labor analgesia could reduce the perineal lateral incision rate and incidence rate of postpartum urinary retention and shorten the time to lac-tation initiation.Due to the heterogeneity among studies,the impact of CNP on the labor duration and the bleeding amount within postpartum 24 h still requires more high-quality studies to be conducted in the future for verification.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule combined with sacubitril valsartan on dilated cardiomyopathy.Methods A total of 70 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who were hospitalized in the Hospital from January to December 2020 were selected as the research objects and random-ly divided into control group and experimental group,with 35 cases in each group.The control group was only treated with sacubitril valsartan,and the experimental group was treated with Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule combined with sacubitril valsartan.According to the patient's blood pressure and renal function,sacubitril valsartan was titrated from a small dose to the maximum dose.Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule was uesd 2.4 g each time,twice a day,and the treatment time was three months.The symptoms of heart failure,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),low density lipoprotein(LDL),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),ALT,AST,N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVEDd),left ventricular end-dias-tolic diameter(LVEDs),ejection fraction(EF)and the incidence of arrhythmia were observed in the two groups after treatment.Results After treatment,the level of NT-proBNP in the experimental group was sig-nificantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in LDL,TC,TG,LVEDd,LVEDs and EF between the two groups(P＞0.05).The incidence of atrial tachycardia and ven-tricular premature beat in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Con-clusion Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule combined with sacubitril valsartan can significantly improve the symptoms of patients with heart failure and reduce the level of NT-proBNP,but it may increase the proportion of patients with atrial tachycardia and ventricular premature beats.

The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-related Fanconi syndrome (FS) in patients with HIV infection/AIDS (HIV/AIDS).Methods:The medical records of patients with HIV/AIDS who were hospitalized in Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases from December 2017 to February 2021, treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing TDF, and diagnosed as FS were collected by searching hospital information system. Information such as gender, age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), ART treatment regimen and period, time of FS diagnosis, main clinical characteristics, results of laboratory test at admission and discharge, dual energy X-ray bone mineral density (BMD) test results, and interventions and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 16 HIV/AIDS patients were diagnosed with TDF-related FS in the setting period, including 6 patients with complete FS and 10 with incomplete FS. FS were accompanied with chronic hepatitis C, hypertension, liver cancer, or depression in 7 patients. Sixteen patients received ART containing TDF for a minimum of 20 months and a maximum of 168 months with an average time of 68 months. The initial symptoms of FS were bone pain, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, etc. The time from initial symptoms to diagnosis of FS was 2 weeks at least, 24 weeks at most, with an average time of 7 weeks. Laboratory test results were as follows: all 16 patients had positive urine glucose under normoglycemic conditions and 14 patients had positive urine protein; 11, 11, 4, and 4 patients had low urine phosphorus, hypocalciuria, hypokalemia, and hyponatruria, respectively; 13, 12, 8, and 7 patients had hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hyponatremia, respectively; 11 patients had serum creatinine increase; 10 patients had serum uric acid decrease; 1 patient had serum uric acid increase. Dual energy X-ray BMD detection was performed in 15 patients, of which 2, 2, and 11 patients had normal, reduced, and osteoporotic BMD, respectively. After diagnosis of TDF-related FS, 16 patients stopped using TDF immediately. After replacement of ART protocol without TDF and symptomatic treatment for an average time of 29 days, the above symptoms were alleviated, and some laboratory test indicators returned to the reference value range. The prognosis was good.Conclusions:TDF-related FS mostly occurs within 68 months of drug use. The clinical symptoms of FS are nonspecific. Laboratory tests show that urine glucose is positive under normal blood glucose. Most of the patients have low blood phosphorus, low urine phosphorus, hypocalciuria, and osteoporosis. The prognosis is better after discontinuing TDF, replacing therapy with ART regimen without TDF, and giving symptomatic treatments.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-related Fanconi syndrome (FS) in patients with HIV infection/AIDS (HIV/AIDS).Methods:The medical records of patients with HIV/AIDS who were hospitalized in Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases from December 2017 to February 2021, treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing TDF, and diagnosed as FS were collected by searching hospital information system. Information such as gender, age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), ART treatment regimen and period, time of FS diagnosis, main clinical characteristics, results of laboratory test at admission and discharge, dual energy X-ray bone mineral density (BMD) test results, and interventions and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 16 HIV/AIDS patients were diagnosed with TDF-related FS in the setting period, including 6 patients with complete FS and 10 with incomplete FS. FS were accompanied with chronic hepatitis C, hypertension, liver cancer, or depression in 7 patients. Sixteen patients received ART containing TDF for a minimum of 20 months and a maximum of 168 months with an average time of 68 months. The initial symptoms of FS were bone pain, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, etc. The time from initial symptoms to diagnosis of FS was 2 weeks at least, 24 weeks at most, with an average time of 7 weeks. Laboratory test results were as follows: all 16 patients had positive urine glucose under normoglycemic conditions and 14 patients had positive urine protein; 11, 11, 4, and 4 patients had low urine phosphorus, hypocalciuria, hypokalemia, and hyponatruria, respectively; 13, 12, 8, and 7 patients had hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hyponatremia, respectively; 11 patients had serum creatinine increase; 10 patients had serum uric acid decrease; 1 patient had serum uric acid increase. Dual energy X-ray BMD detection was performed in 15 patients, of which 2, 2, and 11 patients had normal, reduced, and osteoporotic BMD, respectively. After diagnosis of TDF-related FS, 16 patients stopped using TDF immediately. After replacement of ART protocol without TDF and symptomatic treatment for an average time of 29 days, the above symptoms were alleviated, and some laboratory test indicators returned to the reference value range. The prognosis was good.Conclusions:TDF-related FS mostly occurs within 68 months of drug use. The clinical symptoms of FS are nonspecific. Laboratory tests show that urine glucose is positive under normal blood glucose. Most of the patients have low blood phosphorus, low urine phosphorus, hypocalciuria, and osteoporosis. The prognosis is better after discontinuing TDF, replacing therapy with ART regimen without TDF, and giving symptomatic treatments.

ObjectiveTo investigate effect of conducting training of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） early screening skill on improving the ability to early identify ASD of medical staffs in primary care hospitals. MethodsIn September 2021， the training of ASD early screening skills was carried out for medical staffs from 20 primary care hospitals in Chengdu. After training， the training effect was evaluated. The numbers of referrals from primary care hospitals to superior hospitals， confirmed ASD as well as their average diagnostic age of children with ASD before and after training were used as evaluation indicators. ResultsAfter training， the number of children with suspected ASD referred by primary care hospitals was more than that before training ［（16.65±11.60） vs. （3.40±2.23）， t=5.431， P<0.01］， the number of children diagnosed with ASD was more than that before training［（6.85±4.93） vs. （2.45±1.67）， t=4.171， P<0.01］， and the differences were statistically significant. As for the diagnosed age of ASD children， after training， the average age was lower than that before training ［（34.95±11.67） vs. （42.2±14.64）， t=-2.553， P=0.019］. ConclusionTraining of ASD early screening skills for medical staffs in primary care hospitals may help to improve their ability to early screening ASD children.

Objective:To compare the effects of patellar position on the balance of soft tissue during the operation and the postoperative outcomes in minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty via a midvastus approach.Methods:From December 2018 to February 2019, a total of 55 patients were enrolled for primary total knee arthroplasty via a midvastus approach. All patients were randomly divided into 2 groups by random number table. During the operation, the gap balance technique was used with patella reduced or subluxated to complete the osteotomy and balance of soft tissue. The changes of gap and varus-valgus angle were compared between the patellar reduction group and the patellar subluxation group in both extension and flexion position. These data were also compared before and after reducing patellar in the patellar subluxation group. Furthermore, the differences of femoral prosthesis rotation, mechanical femoral axis to tibial axis angle, Knee Society score (KSS), visual analogue scale (VAS) and range of motion (ROM) were compared between the two groups.Results:All patients finished 6 months follow-up, including 27 patients in the patellar reduction group and 28 patients in the patellar subluxation group. After osteotomy and soft tissue balance during the operation, there was no significant difference in gap and varus-valgus angle between two groups in either extension or flexion position. While in the patellar subluxation group, the flexion gap was 10.5±0.3 mm with patella subluxated, less than 11.0 ± 0.3 mm after reducing the patella. The varus-valgus angle was 1.5±0.3 with patella subluxated, less than 2.3±0.4 degree after reducing the patella. The difference was statistically significant ( t=4.180, P<0.001; t=7.642, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in extension gap and varus-valgus angle before and after patella reduction in the patellar subluxation group ( P>0.05). The rotation angle of the femoral component in the patellar subluxation group was -0.49°±1.2°, and the external rotation angle was smaller than that in the patellar reduction group (0.24°±1.3°). The difference was statistically significant ( t=2.116, P=0.039). At one month after operation, ROM of the patellar reduction group was 109.6°±8.5° which was higher than that of the patellar subluxation group (104.9°±8.6°, t=2.048, P=0.046). There was no significant difference in ROM between the two groups at 3 and 6 months ( P>0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in KSS and VAS at 1, 3 and 6 months after operation ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In the minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty, it is suggested to balance the soft tissue as much as possible with the patellar reduced. Otherwise, the consequence of increased flexion space, increased varus and increased internal rotation of femoral prosthesis should be considered. The patients undergoing soft tissue balance with patella reduced have better ROM in the early stage postoperatively.

Objective To observe the effects of traditional Chinese medicine aqueous extract on acne vulgaris models of rabbit's ear.We observed the medical effects of traditional Chinese medicine aqueous on rabbit's ear acne vulgaris models.Methods 7 twelve-week's old male rabbits were selected to establish acne vulgaris models by Kligman method.Coal tar was daubed at the opening of rabbits' ears tubes about 2 cm × 2 cm areas by the frequency of once a day for two weeks.Then 50 μl bacterial suspension of the propionibacterium acnes was subcutaneously injected into each ear of rabbit at the seventh day which concentration of propionibacterium acnes was 1.0)× 108 CFU/ml.14 ears of rabbits were divided into 7 groups randomly after the molds were finished,two ears per group.6 group ears of rabbits were daubed with TCM aqueous extract respectively,while the last group was daubed with physiological saline on one ear and fusidic acid cream on the other one,once a day.At last,the treatment effects and adverse reactions were observed respectively on the 7th day,15th day and 21st day.Results The sWollen rabbits' ears were reclined and even disappeared in groups with six kinds of TCM aqueous extract after 7 days;the local hair follicles corneous plugs became flattened,pimples and comedos reduced in groups with aqueous extract of Cortex phellodendri,Scutellaria baicalensis and Rhubarb.Conclusions Aqueous extracts of Cortex phellodendri,Scutellaria baicalensis,Rhubarb,Sophora flavescens,Honeysuckle and Forsythia have therapeutical effects on rabbifs ear acne vulgaris models.