AIM To establish a GC-MS/MS method for the analysis of volatile components in Yinhu Ganmao Powder,and to determine the contents of α-pinene,camphene,sabinene,β-pinene,α-terpinene,(+)-limonene,p-cymene,1,8-cineole,linalool,L-menthol,terpinen-4-ol,DL-menthol,α-terpineol,tridecane,pulegone,caryophyllene,humulene,n-hexadecane and patchouli alcohol.METHODS The analysis was performed on a DB-624 UI capillary column(30 m×0.25 mm×1.40 μm ),and electron ionization source was adopted with multiple reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Fifty volatile components and twenty-five liposoluble components were identified in volatile oils and medicinal material powder,respectively.Nineteen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r ≥ 0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 84.43％-113.31％with the RSDs of less than 9.15％.CONCLUSION This stable,accurate and reproducible method can provide a reference for the quality evaluation of Yinhu Ganmao Powder.

Objective:Systematically review the release status and characteristics of policies related to cross-regional medical insurance settlement policies in China,providing reference for promoting the convenience of medical insurance settlement services and improving management efficiency.Methods:Using content analysis,a two-dimensional framework of"policy objectives-policy tools"was constructed.A total of 127 policy documents were coded and analyzed.Results:Demand-based tools were applied most frequently(43.6%),followed by environmental and supply-based tools.Policy objectives mainly focused on improving service convenience,supported by expanding coverage and ensuring regulatory security.Conclusions:China's cross-regional medical insurance settlement policies have improved service accessibility and strengthened institutional supervision while gradually expanding coverage.However,deficiencies remain in assessment refinement and emergency mechanisms.Greater interdepartmental coordination is needed to enhance regulatory linkage and ensure the safe operation of medical insurance funds.

Objective:Systematically review the release status and characteristics of policies related to cross-regional medical insurance settlement policies in China,providing reference for promoting the convenience of medical insurance settlement services and improving management efficiency.Methods:Using content analysis,a two-dimensional framework of"policy objectives-policy tools"was constructed.A total of 127 policy documents were coded and analyzed.Results:Demand-based tools were applied most frequently(43.6%),followed by environmental and supply-based tools.Policy objectives mainly focused on improving service convenience,supported by expanding coverage and ensuring regulatory security.Conclusions:China's cross-regional medical insurance settlement policies have improved service accessibility and strengthened institutional supervision while gradually expanding coverage.However,deficiencies remain in assessment refinement and emergency mechanisms.Greater interdepartmental coordination is needed to enhance regulatory linkage and ensure the safe operation of medical insurance funds.

Forsythia suspensa is a traditional Chinese medicine and a commonly used landscaping plant. Its dried fruit is used in medicine for its functions of clearing heat, removing toxins, reducing swelling, dissipating masses, and dispersing wind and heat. It possesses extremely high medicinal and economic value. However, the genetic differentiation and diversity of its wild populations remain unclear. In this study, chloroplast genome sequences were obtained from 15 wild individuals of F. suspensa using high-throughput sequencing technology. The sequence characteristics and intraspecific variations were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1) The full length of the F. suspensa chloroplast genome ranged from 156 184 to 156 479 bp, comprising a large single-copy region, a small single-copy region, and two inverted repeat regions. The chloroplast genome encoded a total of 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes.(2) A total of 166-174 SSR loci, 792 SNV loci, and 63 InDel loci were identified in the F. suspensa chloroplast genome, indicating considerable genetic variation among individuals.(3) Population structure analysis revealed that F. suspensa could be divided into five or six groups. Both the population structure analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction results indicated significant genetic variation within the wild populations of F. suspensa, with no obvious correlation between intraspecific genetic differentiation and geographical distribution. This study provides new insights into the genetic diversity and differentiation within F. suspensa species and offers additional references for the conservation of species diversity and the utilization of germplasm resources in wild F. suspensa.
Genome, Chloroplast ; Forsythia/classification* ; Phylogeny ; Genetic Variation ; Chloroplasts/genetics* ; Microsatellite Repeats

Objective To investigate the association between D-dimer levels within 2 hours of admission and in-hospital major adverse events (MAEs) in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) who underwent total arch replacement combined with frozen elephant trunk (FET) implantation. Methods This retrospective study included patients with ATAAD who underwent total arch replacement with FET implantation at Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital from September 2017 to December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of in-hospital MAEs: a MAEs group and a non-MAEs group (control). Perioperative data were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for in-hospital MAEs, which included in-hospital death, gastrointestinal bleeding, paraplegia, acute kidney injury, low cardiac output syndrome, stroke, respiratory failure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and severe infection. The predictive value of D-dimer was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results A total of 218 patients were included (157 males, 61 females), with a mean age of (51.54±9.79) years. There were 152 patients in the non-MAEs group and 66 in the MAEs group. The overall incidence of in-hospital MAEs was 30.3%, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 2.8% (6/218). Compared to the non-MAEs group, the MAEs group had significantly higher levels of D-dimer and lactate, as well as longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time, and ICU length of stay (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified D-dimer as an independent risk factor for in-hospital MAEs [OR=1.077, 95%CI (1.020, 1.137), P=0.013]. The AUC for the D-dimer level within 2 hours of admission to predict in-hospital MAEs was 0.83 [95%CI (0.736, 0.870), P<0.001]. The optimal cutoff value was 2.2 μg/mL, with a sensitivity of 84.8% and a specificity of 73.0%. Conclusion The serum D-dimer level is an independent risk factor for in-hospital MAEs in patients with ATAAD following total arch replacement with FET implantation. D-dimer levels on admission can help clinicians optimize risk stratification and perioperative management, potentially reducing the incidence of early adverse events.

AIM To establish a GC-MS/MS method for the analysis of volatile components in Yinhu Ganmao Powder,and to determine the contents of α-pinene,camphene,sabinene,β-pinene,α-terpinene,(+)-limonene,p-cymene,1,8-cineole,linalool,L-menthol,terpinen-4-ol,DL-menthol,α-terpineol,tridecane,pulegone,caryophyllene,humulene,n-hexadecane and patchouli alcohol.METHODS The analysis was performed on a DB-624 UI capillary column(30 m×0.25 mm×1.40 μm ),and electron ionization source was adopted with multiple reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Fifty volatile components and twenty-five liposoluble components were identified in volatile oils and medicinal material powder,respectively.Nineteen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r ≥ 0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 84.43％-113.31％with the RSDs of less than 9.15％.CONCLUSION This stable,accurate and reproducible method can provide a reference for the quality evaluation of Yinhu Ganmao Powder.

Objective To construct a three-dimensional statistical shape model of the pelvis and analyze the individual variation and gender differences of the three-dimensional shape of the pelvis.Methods We collected CT data from 201 Chinese individuals and used deep learning to automatically reconstruct three-dimensional models of the pelvis.Through three-dimensional model registration,dense correspondence mesh mapping,and the use of statistical shape modelling(SSM)and principal component(PC)analysis method,we extracted models of variations(MoV)of pelvic shape changes and statistically compared the shape MoV between males and females.Results We analysed the top 10 principal components of shape variations,which accounted for 86.1％of the total variability.Among them,PC01,PC02,and PC04 showed significant differences between genders(P＜0.001),accounting for a total variability of 60.1％.PC08 and PC 10 demonstrated pelvic asymmetry,accounting for a total variability of 3.8％.Conclusion We constructed a three-dimensional statistical shape model of the pelvis in Chinese individuals,revealing the morphological variation and sex differences of Chinese pelvis.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of gastrodin combined with celecoxib on cartilage injury in rats with knee osteoarthritis through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway.Methods:Knee osteoarthritis rat models were established by the modified Hulth method. According to the random number table method, rat models were randomly divided into the model group, the gastrodin group, the celecoxib group, and combined group with 10 rats in each group. An additional 10 healthy rats were selected and served as the control group. The rats in the gastrodin group received 50 mg/kg gastrodin by intraperitoneal injection. The rats in the celecoxib group received 4 mg/kg celecoxib by gavage. In the combined group, the rats received 50 mg/kg gastrodin by intraperitoneal injection, followed by 4 mg/kg celecoxib by gavage. Rats in both the control group and the model group received intraperitoneal injections and gavage of an equal volume of normal saline, which were administered once a day for 21 d. The symptoms of joint pain, the degree of joint swelling, the width of the knee joint, the joint function, and the cartilage thickness of the rats in all groups were compared. The expression level of proinflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in cartilage was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relative expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB proteins and genes in cartilage were detected by Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR), respectively.Results:The mechanical pain threshold [(19.77±2.05) g] and thermal pain threshold [(10.06±1.54) s] in the combined group were higher than those in the model, gastrodin, and celecoxib groups [(5.27±1.23), (11.27±1.55), and (12.85±1.62) g for mechanical pain threshold, and (4.26±0.84), (7.21±1.31), (7.36±1.15) s for thermal pain threshold], respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The degree of joint swelling [(8.23±1.05)%], knee joint width [(5.19±0.23) mm], and gait score [(0.56±0.22) points] in the combined group were all lower than those in the model, gastrodin, and celecoxib groups [(38.26±6.77)%, (17.76±2.18)%, and (17.23±2.44)% for joint swelling degree, (9.86±1.16), (6.43±0.54), and (6.23±0.78) mm for knee joint width, and (2.25±0.47), (1.26±0.23), and (1.25±0.14) points for gait score], respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The levels of IL-1β [(53.37±10.26) pg/ml], IL-6 [(51.26±6.22) pg/ml], IL-17 [(136.33±8.67) pg/ml], and TNF-α [(62.36±12.03) pg/ml] in the cartilage tissue of rats in the combined group were all lower than those in the model, gastrodin, and celecoxib groups [IL-1β: (112.33±18.56), (76.55±12.03), (72.69±14.88) pg/ml; IL-6: (90.33±12.06), (69.23±8.09), (65.42±7.01) pg/ml; IL-17: (215.66±20.22), (165.33±14.69), (160.36±15.55) pg/ml; TNF-α: (138.09±18.26), (89.66±15.36), (84.03±14.77) pg/ml], respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the cartilage thickness of rats in the gastrodin, celecoxib, and combined groups [(945.86±63.87), (962.75±129.14), (1 410.48±60.42) μm] were increased, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The relative expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB proteins [(2.13±0.88), (2.01±0.35)] and mRNAs [(1.48±0.11), (1.73±0.12)] in the cartilage tissue of rats in the combined group were all lower than those in the model group [TLR4, NF-κB proteins: (5.26±0.95), (4.32±0.71); mRNAs: (4.37±0.43), (5.27±0.48)], the gastrodin group [TLR4, NF-κB proteins: (3.22±0.75), (3.16±0.33); mRNAs: (2.53±0.21), (3.52±0.22)], and the celecoxib group [TLR4, NF-κB proteins: (3.26±0.61), (3.19±0.30); mRNAs: (2.55±0.24), (3.55±0.31)], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Gastrodin combined with celecoxib can inhibit the symptoms of joint pain and inflammation in rats with knee osteoarthritis by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling, and alleviate the cartilage injury.

Ligustrum lucidum is a woody perennial plant of genus Ligustrum in family Oleaceae. Its dried fruit has high medicinal value. In this study, the authors evaluated the variability and species identification efficiency of three specific DAN barcodes(rbcL-accD, ycf1a, ycf1b) and four general DAN barcodes(matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, ITS2) for a rapid and accurate molecular identification of Ligustrum species. The results revealed that matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, ITS2 and ycf1a were inefficient for identifying the Ligustrum species, and a large number of insertions and deletions were observed in rbcL-accD sequence, which was thus unsuitable for development as specific barcode. The ycf1b-2 barcode had DNA barcoding gap and high success rate of PCR amplification and DNA sequencing, which was the most suitable DNA barcode for L. lucidum identification and achieved an accurate result. In addition, to optimize the DNA extraction experiment, the authors extracted and analyzed the DNA of the exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp and seed of L. lucidum fruit. It was found that seed was the most effective part for DNA extraction, where DNAs of high concentration and quality were obtained, meeting the needs of species identification. In this study, the experimental method for DNA extraction of L. lucidum was optimized, and the seed was determined as the optimal part for DNA extraction and ycf1b-2 was the specific DNA barcode for L. lucidum identification. This study laid a foundation for the market regulation of L. lucidum.
Ligustrum/genetics* ; Seeds ; Fruit ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Research Design

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Yiqi Yangyin decoction in the treatment of thyroid cancer by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking technique.Meth-ods:the chemical constituents of 10 kinds of Yiqi Yangyin decoction were searched by HERB database,the active components were screened by PubChem and SwissADNE,and the action targets of active components were predicted by Swisstargetprediction.The disease targets after operation of thyroid cancer were obtained by searching the databases of GeneCards,OMIM,Dis-GeNET and DrugBank.The intersection target of drug and disease was obtained by Venny2.1.0 platform,the intersection target protein interaction network was constructed by String database,and the core target protein was screened by Cytoscape3.9.1,the drug-active ingredient-target network map was constructed by Cytoscape3.9.1,and the key active components were obtained;the enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG was carried out using Metascape database;and the molecular docking verification of key targets and key components was carried out.Results:157active components of Yiqi Yangyin decoction were obtained,and 507targets of active compo-nents were predicted,1817 targets of thyroid cancer-related diseases and 154targets of drug-disease intersection were obtained.The key target genes of SRC,HSP90AA1,PIK3R1,PIK3CA and AKT1 were obtained by PPI analysis.Quercetin,kaempferol and luteolin were the key active components.Molecular docking showed that the key targets and key active components had good affinity.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that cancer pathway,PI3K-Akt pathway and HIF-1 pathway were the key pathways of drug action.Conclusion:Yiqi Yangyin decoction can play a therapeutic role in anti-inflammation,anti-tumor and improving tissue microenvironment with multi-components,multi-targets and multi-pathways.