Objective In this preliminary survey,we sought to determine the composition of mosquito species inhabiting the Emeifeng Nature Reserve,Fujian Province,China.Methods Mosquito larvae were collected by straw and spoon trapping,and adult mosquitoes were collected by lamp trapping at selected breeding sites in the reserve.The specimens were initially identified based on morphology,with subsequent verification using molecular biology methods.Results A total of 34 mosquito species in 13 genera were collected,among which,there were 4 species of Anopheles(Genus Anopheles Meigen,1818),2 species of Lutzia(Genus Lutzia Theobald,1903),15 species of Culex(Genus Culex Linnaeus,1758),4 species of Stegomyia(Genus Stegomyia Theobald,1901),and single species of Hulecoeteomyia(Genus Hulecoeteomyia Theobald,1904),Luius(Genus Luius Reinert,Harbach et Kitching,2008),Aedes(Genus Aedes Meigen,1818),Downsiomyia(Genus Downsiomyia Vargas,1950),Collessius(Genus Collessius Reinert,Harbach et kitching,2006),Uranotaenia(Genus Uranotaenia Lynch 1891),Armigeres(Genus Armigeres Theobald,1901),Toxorhynchites(Genus Toxorhynchites Theobald,1901),and pestle mosquito(Genus Tripteroides Giles,1904).Conclusions The species composition of mosquitoes sampled in the Emeifeng Nature Reserve will provide a basis for further research on mosquito vectors and contribute to measures for local mosquito control.

Objective To investigate whether CD137-CD137 ligand(CD137L)pathway affects foot ulcer wound healing in diabetic mice by regulating phenotypic transformation of macrophages.Methods A total of 24 db/db mice were randomly divided into model(Mod),CD137 and anti-CD137 groups with 8 mice in each group,and 8 db/m mice were selected as control(Con)group.Ulcer wounds were prepared in each group.The wound healing rate was calculated at the 7,14 and 21 day in each group.The pathological changes of the wound were evaluated by HE staining.The levels of serum IL-1β,TNF-α,VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)were detected by ELISA,and the expression of wound angiogenesis marker CD31 was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of the gene-induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),IL-6 in M1-type macrophages and arginase 1(Arg1),mannose receptor(CD206)in M2-type macrophages were detected by qRT-PCR.Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of M1 macrophages labeled F4/80 and CD86,and the proportion of M2 macrophages labeled F4/80 and CD206 in peripheral blood of mice in each group.Results Compared with Mod group,the skin tissue structure was more complete,inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced,new hair follicle tissues were increased,the wound healing rate of CD137 group at 7,14 and 21 d,VEGF,bFGF,the relative fluorescence intensity of CD31 in wound tissue,the mRNA expression of Arg1 and CD206,and the proportion of M2-type macrophages were increased(P<0.05),IL-1β,TNF-α,the mRNA expression of iNOS and IL-6 expression,and the proportion of M1-type macrophages in peripheral blood were decreased in CD137 group(P<0.05).Conclusions CD137-CD137L pathway may play a role in promoting wound healing in DFU mice by promoting the transformation of wound macrophage phenotype M1 to M2.

Objective To carry out quality inspection of the ultrasound soft tissue cutting hemostatic equipment to ensure its safety and effectiveness.Methods Five brands of ultrasound soft tissue cutting hemostatic equipment were selected and noted as test equipment A,test equipment B,test equipment C,test equipment D and test equipment E,which underwent quality inspection in terms of tip main amplitude,tip lateral amplitude,tip vibration frequency,excitation frequency,static electrical power and contact current based on YY/T 0644-2008 Ultrasonics-surgical systems—Measurement and declaration of the basic output characteristics,YY/T 1750-2020 Ultrasonic surgical equipmetn for soft tissue excision and hemostasia and GB 9706.1-2020 Medical electrical equipment—Part 1:General requirements for basic safety and essential performance.Results The test data of the five brands in terms of tip main amplitude,tip lateral amplitude,tip vibration frequency,excitation frequency,static electrical power and contact current met the technical requirements of YY/T 0644-2008,YY/T 1750-2020,GB 9706.1-2020.Conclusion The quality inspection of the ultrasound soft tissue cutting hemostatic equipment contributes to enhancing the accuracy and stability of the equipment and decreasing the risk during its clinical application.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):49-53]

Objective To investigate the effects of human milk on serum bilirubin levels and gut microbiota in neonatal rats with hyperbilirubinemia.Methods A total of 24 7-day-old specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with bilirubin or normal saline,respectively,and human milk or formula milk was administered 24 hours later for intervention.The rats were divided randomly into four groups:human milk-normal saline group(HN),human milk-bilirubin group(HB),formula milk-normal saline group(FN),and formula milk-bilirubin group(FB).Samples were taken 72 hours later,and serum bilirubin values were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The intestinal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing.Results There was no significant difference in bilirubin values among the groups.Pseudomonas was negatively correlated with indirect bilirubin value(P＜0.05).The composition of the intestinal microbiota differed significantly between human milk and formula milk after gastric administration,with Firmicutes(P＜0.01),Enterococci(P＜0.05),being the main microbiota in the HN and HB groups,and Proteobacteria(P＜0.001),Escherichia Shigella(P＜0.01)and Acinetobacter(P＜0.01)being the main in the FN and FB groups.Conclusions Pseudomonas may be negatively associated with bilirubin,and the structure of the intestinal microbiota may differ in relation to human milk and formula feeding.

Objective:To analyze the impact of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) on the prognosis of patients with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) after radical surgery.Methods:Clinical data of 100 patients diagnosed with CHC by postoperative pathology in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2009 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 73 males and 27 females, aged (52.0±10.9) years. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were conducted to try to find out the effects of AFP and CA19-9 on postoperative disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with CHC. Subgroup analysis was also performed to analyze the DFS among patients with different levels of AFP and CA19-9. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to plot and compare the survival curves between groups.Results:Univariate analysis showed that levels of AFP, CA19-9, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging, portal vein invasion, tumor number are associated with postoperative DFS in CHC patients (all P<0.05). The multivariate Cox analysis showed that AFP≥20.6 μg/L ( HR=6.686, 95% CI: 1.985-9.582), CA19-9≥35.2 U/L ( HR=5.790, 95% CI: 1.197-8.855), AJCC tumor TNM staging stage Ⅱ( HR=6.384, 95% CI: 2.069-11.532), and portal vein invasion ( HR=2.384, 95% CI: 1.100-10.125) were risk factors for a shortened DFS in CHC patients after surgery (all P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with AFP≥20.6 μg/L and CA19-9≥35.2 U/L ( n=14) had a lower DFS compared to patients with AFP<20.6 μg/L and CA19-9≥35.2 U/L ( n=32), and patients with AFP≥20.6 μg/L and CA19-9<35.2 U/L ( n=20) ( χ2=6.23, 4.98, P=0.014, 0.043). Conclusion:AFP and CA19-9 are risk factors for DFS in CHC patients. Patients with AFP≥20.6 μg/L and CA19-9≥35.2 U/L showed a worse prognosis.

Objective To carry out quality inspection of the ultrasound soft tissue cutting hemostatic equipment to ensure its safety and effectiveness.Methods Five brands of ultrasound soft tissue cutting hemostatic equipment were selected and noted as test equipment A,test equipment B,test equipment C,test equipment D and test equipment E,which underwent quality inspection in terms of tip main amplitude,tip lateral amplitude,tip vibration frequency,excitation frequency,static electrical power and contact current based on YY/T 0644-2008 Ultrasonics-surgical systems—Measurement and declaration of the basic output characteristics,YY/T 1750-2020 Ultrasonic surgical equipmetn for soft tissue excision and hemostasia and GB 9706.1-2020 Medical electrical equipment—Part 1:General requirements for basic safety and essential performance.Results The test data of the five brands in terms of tip main amplitude,tip lateral amplitude,tip vibration frequency,excitation frequency,static electrical power and contact current met the technical requirements of YY/T 0644-2008,YY/T 1750-2020,GB 9706.1-2020.Conclusion The quality inspection of the ultrasound soft tissue cutting hemostatic equipment contributes to enhancing the accuracy and stability of the equipment and decreasing the risk during its clinical application.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):49-53]

Objective To investigate the effects of human milk on serum bilirubin levels and gut microbiota in neonatal rats with hyperbilirubinemia.Methods A total of 24 7-day-old specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with bilirubin or normal saline,respectively,and human milk or formula milk was administered 24 hours later for intervention.The rats were divided randomly into four groups:human milk-normal saline group(HN),human milk-bilirubin group(HB),formula milk-normal saline group(FN),and formula milk-bilirubin group(FB).Samples were taken 72 hours later,and serum bilirubin values were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The intestinal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing.Results There was no significant difference in bilirubin values among the groups.Pseudomonas was negatively correlated with indirect bilirubin value(P＜0.05).The composition of the intestinal microbiota differed significantly between human milk and formula milk after gastric administration,with Firmicutes(P＜0.01),Enterococci(P＜0.05),being the main microbiota in the HN and HB groups,and Proteobacteria(P＜0.001),Escherichia Shigella(P＜0.01)and Acinetobacter(P＜0.01)being the main in the FN and FB groups.Conclusions Pseudomonas may be negatively associated with bilirubin,and the structure of the intestinal microbiota may differ in relation to human milk and formula feeding.

Objective To investigate whether CD137-CD137 ligand(CD137L)pathway affects foot ulcer wound healing in diabetic mice by regulating phenotypic transformation of macrophages.Methods A total of 24 db/db mice were randomly divided into model(Mod),CD137 and anti-CD137 groups with 8 mice in each group,and 8 db/m mice were selected as control(Con)group.Ulcer wounds were prepared in each group.The wound healing rate was calculated at the 7,14 and 21 day in each group.The pathological changes of the wound were evaluated by HE staining.The levels of serum IL-1β,TNF-α,VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)were detected by ELISA,and the expression of wound angiogenesis marker CD31 was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of the gene-induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),IL-6 in M1-type macrophages and arginase 1(Arg1),mannose receptor(CD206)in M2-type macrophages were detected by qRT-PCR.Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of M1 macrophages labeled F4/80 and CD86,and the proportion of M2 macrophages labeled F4/80 and CD206 in peripheral blood of mice in each group.Results Compared with Mod group,the skin tissue structure was more complete,inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced,new hair follicle tissues were increased,the wound healing rate of CD137 group at 7,14 and 21 d,VEGF,bFGF,the relative fluorescence intensity of CD31 in wound tissue,the mRNA expression of Arg1 and CD206,and the proportion of M2-type macrophages were increased(P<0.05),IL-1β,TNF-α,the mRNA expression of iNOS and IL-6 expression,and the proportion of M1-type macrophages in peripheral blood were decreased in CD137 group(P<0.05).Conclusions CD137-CD137L pathway may play a role in promoting wound healing in DFU mice by promoting the transformation of wound macrophage phenotype M1 to M2.

Objective:To analyze the impact of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) on the prognosis of patients with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) after radical surgery.Methods:Clinical data of 100 patients diagnosed with CHC by postoperative pathology in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2009 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 73 males and 27 females, aged (52.0±10.9) years. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were conducted to try to find out the effects of AFP and CA19-9 on postoperative disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with CHC. Subgroup analysis was also performed to analyze the DFS among patients with different levels of AFP and CA19-9. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to plot and compare the survival curves between groups.Results:Univariate analysis showed that levels of AFP, CA19-9, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging, portal vein invasion, tumor number are associated with postoperative DFS in CHC patients (all P<0.05). The multivariate Cox analysis showed that AFP≥20.6 μg/L ( HR=6.686, 95% CI: 1.985-9.582), CA19-9≥35.2 U/L ( HR=5.790, 95% CI: 1.197-8.855), AJCC tumor TNM staging stage Ⅱ( HR=6.384, 95% CI: 2.069-11.532), and portal vein invasion ( HR=2.384, 95% CI: 1.100-10.125) were risk factors for a shortened DFS in CHC patients after surgery (all P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with AFP≥20.6 μg/L and CA19-9≥35.2 U/L ( n=14) had a lower DFS compared to patients with AFP<20.6 μg/L and CA19-9≥35.2 U/L ( n=32), and patients with AFP≥20.6 μg/L and CA19-9<35.2 U/L ( n=20) ( χ2=6.23, 4.98, P=0.014, 0.043). Conclusion:AFP and CA19-9 are risk factors for DFS in CHC patients. Patients with AFP≥20.6 μg/L and CA19-9≥35.2 U/L showed a worse prognosis.

Objective:To construct and purify four respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) PreF proteins through gene sequence design and optimization and evaluate their immunogenicity.Methods:Coronin-1A and T4 trimer protein gene sequences were optimized with Human and CHO codons, and then added to RSV F protein sequence. The above plasmids were transfected into Expi293F cells for protein expression. After purification by nickel column, four trimer proteins were prepared. SDS-PAGE and Western blot were performed for protein identification. BALB/c mice were immunized at week 0 and week 3, and blood samples were collected to measure the activities of binding and neutralizing antibodies in serum.Results:SDS-PAGE and Western blot showed that the four proteins had stable trimer structure. Antigen-antibody affinity test showed that the four trimer proteins had strong affinity with RSV-specific monoclonal antibodies 8897, D25, Motavizumab, AM14 and Palivizumab. The titers of antibodies induced by the two T4 trimers were higher after the initial immunization, while there was a substantial increase in the titers of antibodies induced by Human codon-optimized trimer protein after the second immunization.Conclusions:PreF trimer protein can be prepared by adding any of the two different heterotrimer motifs, and induce effective binding and neutralizing antibodies in mice.