OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of Dendrobium officinale (Tiepi Shihu) extract (DOE) on insomnia. METHODS: Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=7 per group): normal control, model control, melatonin (MT, 40 mg/kg), and 3-dose DOE (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g/kg) groups. Rats were raised in a strong-light (10,000 LUX) and -noise (>80 db) environment (12 h/d) for 16 weeks to induce insomnia, and from week 10 to week 16, MT and DOE were correspondingly administered to rats. The behavior tests including sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep experiment, sucrose preference test, and autonomous activity test were used to evaluate changes in sleep and emotions of rats. The metabolic-related indicators such as blood pressure, blood viscosity, blood glucose, and uric acid in rats were measured. The pathological changes in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of rat brain were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining and Nissl staining. Additionally, the sleep-related factors gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (GA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, we screened potential sleep-improving receptors of DOE using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array and validated the results with quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: DOE significantly improved rats' sleep and mood, increased the sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep time and sucrose preference index, and reduced autonomic activity times (P<0.05 or P<0.01). DOE also had a good effect on metabolic abnormalities, significantly reducing triglyceride, blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood viscosity indicators (P<0.05 or P<0.01). DOE significantly increased the GABA content in hippocampus and reduced the GA/GABA ratio and IL-6 level (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, DOE improved the pathological changes such as the disorder of cell arrangement in the hippocampus and the decrease of Nissel bodies. Seven differential genes were screened by PCR array, and the GABA_A receptors (Gabra5, Gabra6, Gabrq) were selected for verification. The results showed that DOE could up-regulate their expressions (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION DOE demonstrated remarkable potential for improving insomnia, which may be through regulating GABA_A receptors expressions and GA/GABA ratio.
Animals ; Dendrobium/chemistry* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Male ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/blood* ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use* ; Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism* ; Noise/adverse effects* ; Light/adverse effects* ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism* ; Sleep/drug effects* ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA/metabolism*

AIM To establish a GC-MS/MS method for the analysis of volatile components in Yinhu Ganmao Powder,and to determine the contents of α-pinene,camphene,sabinene,β-pinene,α-terpinene,(+)-limonene,p-cymene,1,8-cineole,linalool,L-menthol,terpinen-4-ol,DL-menthol,α-terpineol,tridecane,pulegone,caryophyllene,humulene,n-hexadecane and patchouli alcohol.METHODS The analysis was performed on a DB-624 UI capillary column(30 m×0.25 mm×1.40 μm ),and electron ionization source was adopted with multiple reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Fifty volatile components and twenty-five liposoluble components were identified in volatile oils and medicinal material powder,respectively.Nineteen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r ≥ 0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 84.43％-113.31％with the RSDs of less than 9.15％.CONCLUSION This stable,accurate and reproducible method can provide a reference for the quality evaluation of Yinhu Ganmao Powder.

Objective:To assess iodine nutritional status and the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Kunming, Yunnan Province, along with correlation and risk factors between thyroid dysfunction and urinary iodine levels.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2014 to July 2016 using a multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling method. A total of 2 650 residents of Kunming, Yunnan Province, who met the inclusion criteria were selected. Data on participants′ demographics, physical measurements, and laboratory tests were collected through questionnaire and clinical assessments which led to 1 463 subjects in the final analysis considering missing data. Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS 26.0, while R Studio was used to model the nonlinear relationship between urinary iodine levels and the risk of thyroid dysfunction.Results:(1) Among 2 650 subjects, 755(28.5%) were diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction, with incidence rates of clinical hyperthyroidism(0.83%), subclinical hyperthyroidism(0.38%), clinical hypothyroidism(1.36%), subclinical hypothyroidism(17.66%), and isolated thyroid antibody positive(13.85%). The median urinary iodine concentration was 177.49(123.59, 251.85) μg/L, indicating adequate iodine nutritional. (2)Among the 1 463 subjects analyzed, significant differences in urinary iodine were found between healthy individual group and abnormal TSH group or abnormal TSH group and thyroid antibody positive group( H=-83.437, P=0.003; H=107.489, P=0.003). Logistic regression revealed that rural residents had a lower risk of thyroid dysfunction than urban residents( OR=0.429, 95% CI 0.256-0.717, P=0.001). Risk of thyroid disease increased with age, and TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb), and urinary iodine levels were identified as significant risk factors, with a U-shaped relationship between urinary iodine levels and thyroid dysfunction. Conclusions:The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Kunming is comparable to the national average. The relationship between urinary iodine concentration and thyroid dysfunction follows a U-shaped curve. Factors including region, age, TSH, TPOAb, TgAb, and urinary iodine concentration are associated with thyroid dysfunction.

Aim To explore the effect of the classical famous prescription Dahuang Zhechong pill(DHZCP)on relieving liver cirrhosis by regulating the stress fiber remodeling mediated by mechanistic signaling pathway and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods Mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group,DHZCP low-dose group,DHZCP high-dose group,and Colchicine-positive control group.The liver cirrhosis mouse model was constructed by intrap-eritoneal injection of olive oil-solubilized CCl4.HE staining and serologic markers were used to reflect liver injury.Masson staining was used to evaluate collagen deposition in liver tissue.ELISA was applied to detect vasoactive molecules and cancer indicators.Atomic force microscopy was employed to detect liver tissue stiffness.Color Doppler diagnostic instrument was used to assess portal blood flow velocity.Western blot was utilized to detect ROCK2 expression and phosphoryla-tion of YAP,Cofilin,and MLC.Results The liver tis-sues in the model group had obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition,accompanied by significant elevation of serum transaminases and fibrosis indexes.Similarly,vasoactive molecules and cancer in-dicators were elevated,and the mechanoregulatory pro-tein ROCK2 expression and phosphorylation of Cofilin and MLC were elevated,with YAP being strongly de-phosphorylated.Both low and high doses of DHZCP re-versed the pathological changes,serological indices,and inhibited the activation of the stress fiber(SF)re-modeling mechanistic signaling pathway.Conclusion DHZCP effectively ameliorates liver tissue lesions in mice with liver cirrhosis,and its mechanism may be re-lated to the inhibition of SF remodeling mechanistic signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the efficacy of goal management training(GMT)on core symptoms and mental status in college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)inattentive type.Methods Delphi method was used to construct a GMT program for college students with inattentive ADHD.Then,totally 68 college students with inattentive ADHD were recruited through advertisements published by hospitals and universities(Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University,and 3 universities in Chongqing from March to June 2024.The subjects were randomly divided into an intervention group(n=34)and a control group(n=34).The intervention group received GMT for 2 h,once a week,for 7 weeks,and the control group did not receive training for the time being.The 2 groups were evaluated within 1 week before and in 7 weeks after intervention by using Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale(ASRS),Dysregulation of Emotions Rating Scale(DERS),Generalized Anxiety Disorde-7(GAD-7),Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),Self-Compassion Scale(SCS),and Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS).Results ① The expert authority coefficient(Cr)of 2 rounds of expert consultation was 0.83,with a questionnaire recovery rate of 100%and 95%,respectively,the Kendall's coordination coefficient was 0.081(P<0.01)and 0.226(P<0.01),and the coefficient of variation was<0.3,indicating the results of the expert consultation were reliable.The constructed GMT program includes 1 first-level indicator,7 second-level indicators,and 20 third-level indicators.② After 7 weeks of GMT intervention,the interaction between the 2 groups and time showed that the experimental group obtained significant improvements than the control group in terms of inattention symptoms(Wald Chi-square=28.35,P<0.001),dysregulation of emotions(Wald Chi-square=23.81,P<0.001),anxiety(Wald Chi-square=22.79,P<0.001),depression(Wald Chi-square=20.52,P<0.001),self-compassion(Wald Chi-square=9.36,P<0.01),and life satisfaction(Wald Chi-square=3.97,P<0.05).Conclusion GMT intervention can significantly improve the core symptoms of college students with inattentive ADHD,reduce anxiety and depression levels,enhance their emotion regulation and self-compassion abilities,and improve their life satisfaction.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is a chronic liver disease closely related to metabolism， which is mainly characterized by abnormal lipid deposition in hepatocytes. In recent years， with the increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome， NAFLD has become one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and varied， involving the cross-regulation of multiple signaling pathways such as glucose-lipid metabolism， oxidative stress， and inflammation. The TLR4 signaling pathway plays a key role in the development and progression of NAFLD， and abnormal activation of this pathway accelerates the deterioration of NAFLD by promoting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines， inducing oxidative stress， and exacerbating insulin resistance. Studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can regulate the TLR4 signaling pathway to alleviate the symptoms and pathological features of NAFLD. The present review summarizes the experimental research progress in the TCM regulation of the TLR4 signaling pathway in treating NAFLD in the past 5 years， covering a wide range of TCM active ingredients （such as polysaccharides， terpenoids， alkaloids， flavonoids） and compound prescriptions. The active ingredients and compound prescriptions of TCM can effectively ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders， reduce insulin resistance， regulate intestinal flora， and inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating the TLR4 signaling pathway via multiple targets and pathways， thus slowing down the progression of NAFLD. Through in-depth analysis of the pathological mechanisms of NAFLD and exploration of the potential of TLR4 signaling pathway as a therapeutic target， we can provide theoretical support for the application of TCM in the treatment of NAFLD， as well as new perspectives and directions for future clinical research and new drug development， thereby promoting the innovation and development of therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.

Objective To observe the effects of dagliflozin combined with levosimendan on soluble growth-stimulated expressed gene 2 protein(sST2),angiopoietin Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ)and cardiac function in elderly patients with heart failure after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods Eighty patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)admitted to the Department of Cardiology of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from January 2021 to October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups using the lottery method.Both groups were treated with conventional therapy.The conventional group was treated with levosimendan,and the combination group with dagliflozin combined with levosimendan.Cardiac function indexes,sST2,amino-terminal brain natri-uretic peptide precursor(NT-pro BNP),renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system indexes,cardiac myosin-binding protein-C(cMyBP-C),cardiac troponin I(cTnI),myoglobin(MyO),6-minute walking distance,heart failure scoring system(Lee)score,and the Seattle Angina Scale(SAQ)score were compared between the two groups.The cumulative major adverse cardiovascular event(MACE)rate at 6-month follow-up was counted in both groups.Results The comparison of cardiac function indexes,sST2,NT-proBNP,cMyBP-C,cTnI,MyO,and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system indexes before treatment between the two groups showed no statistical significance(P>0.05).Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)of the two groups was higher than that before treatment,and the indexes of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,end-systolic left intraventricular diameter(LVEDD),sST2,NT-proBNP,end-diastolic left intraventricular diameter(LVESD),cMyBP-C,cTnI,MyO,and left ventricular mass index(LVMI)were lower(P<0.05).LVEF was higher in the combination group than that in the conventional group after treatment,and the indexes of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,sST2,cMyBP-C,LVEDD,NT-proBNP,LVESD,cTnI,MyO,and LVMI were lower than those in the conventional group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of 6-minute walking distance,Lee score,and SAQ score before treatment(P>0.05).The 6-minute walking distance and SAQ score after treatment in both groups were longer and higher than those before treatment,and the Lee score was lower(P<0.05).The 6-minute walking distance and SAQ score after treatment in the combination group were longer and higher,and Lee score was lower than those in the conventional group(P<0.05).The cumulative incidence of MACE at 6-month follow-up in the combination group was lower than that in the conventional group,and the difference was statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Two cases of gastrointestinal reactions were found in the conventional group,and one case of hypotension and three cases of gastrointestinal reactions in the combination group.Conclusion Dagliflozin combined with levosimendan improves cardiac function,modulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,and improves exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with heart failure after PCI.

Aim To explore the effect of the classical famous prescription Dahuang Zhechong pill(DHZCP)on relieving liver cirrhosis by regulating the stress fiber remodeling mediated by mechanistic signaling pathway and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods Mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group,DHZCP low-dose group,DHZCP high-dose group,and Colchicine-positive control group.The liver cirrhosis mouse model was constructed by intrap-eritoneal injection of olive oil-solubilized CCl4.HE staining and serologic markers were used to reflect liver injury.Masson staining was used to evaluate collagen deposition in liver tissue.ELISA was applied to detect vasoactive molecules and cancer indicators.Atomic force microscopy was employed to detect liver tissue stiffness.Color Doppler diagnostic instrument was used to assess portal blood flow velocity.Western blot was utilized to detect ROCK2 expression and phosphoryla-tion of YAP,Cofilin,and MLC.Results The liver tis-sues in the model group had obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition,accompanied by significant elevation of serum transaminases and fibrosis indexes.Similarly,vasoactive molecules and cancer in-dicators were elevated,and the mechanoregulatory pro-tein ROCK2 expression and phosphorylation of Cofilin and MLC were elevated,with YAP being strongly de-phosphorylated.Both low and high doses of DHZCP re-versed the pathological changes,serological indices,and inhibited the activation of the stress fiber(SF)re-modeling mechanistic signaling pathway.Conclusion DHZCP effectively ameliorates liver tissue lesions in mice with liver cirrhosis,and its mechanism may be re-lated to the inhibition of SF remodeling mechanistic signaling pathway.

Objective To observe the effects of dagliflozin combined with levosimendan on soluble growth-stimulated expressed gene 2 protein(sST2),angiopoietin Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ)and cardiac function in elderly patients with heart failure after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods Eighty patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)admitted to the Department of Cardiology of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from January 2021 to October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups using the lottery method.Both groups were treated with conventional therapy.The conventional group was treated with levosimendan,and the combination group with dagliflozin combined with levosimendan.Cardiac function indexes,sST2,amino-terminal brain natri-uretic peptide precursor(NT-pro BNP),renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system indexes,cardiac myosin-binding protein-C(cMyBP-C),cardiac troponin I(cTnI),myoglobin(MyO),6-minute walking distance,heart failure scoring system(Lee)score,and the Seattle Angina Scale(SAQ)score were compared between the two groups.The cumulative major adverse cardiovascular event(MACE)rate at 6-month follow-up was counted in both groups.Results The comparison of cardiac function indexes,sST2,NT-proBNP,cMyBP-C,cTnI,MyO,and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system indexes before treatment between the two groups showed no statistical significance(P>0.05).Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)of the two groups was higher than that before treatment,and the indexes of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,end-systolic left intraventricular diameter(LVEDD),sST2,NT-proBNP,end-diastolic left intraventricular diameter(LVESD),cMyBP-C,cTnI,MyO,and left ventricular mass index(LVMI)were lower(P<0.05).LVEF was higher in the combination group than that in the conventional group after treatment,and the indexes of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,sST2,cMyBP-C,LVEDD,NT-proBNP,LVESD,cTnI,MyO,and LVMI were lower than those in the conventional group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of 6-minute walking distance,Lee score,and SAQ score before treatment(P>0.05).The 6-minute walking distance and SAQ score after treatment in both groups were longer and higher than those before treatment,and the Lee score was lower(P<0.05).The 6-minute walking distance and SAQ score after treatment in the combination group were longer and higher,and Lee score was lower than those in the conventional group(P<0.05).The cumulative incidence of MACE at 6-month follow-up in the combination group was lower than that in the conventional group,and the difference was statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Two cases of gastrointestinal reactions were found in the conventional group,and one case of hypotension and three cases of gastrointestinal reactions in the combination group.Conclusion Dagliflozin combined with levosimendan improves cardiac function,modulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,and improves exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with heart failure after PCI.

AIM To establish a GC-MS/MS method for the analysis of volatile components in Yinhu Ganmao Powder,and to determine the contents of α-pinene,camphene,sabinene,β-pinene,α-terpinene,(+)-limonene,p-cymene,1,8-cineole,linalool,L-menthol,terpinen-4-ol,DL-menthol,α-terpineol,tridecane,pulegone,caryophyllene,humulene,n-hexadecane and patchouli alcohol.METHODS The analysis was performed on a DB-624 UI capillary column(30 m×0.25 mm×1.40 μm ),and electron ionization source was adopted with multiple reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Fifty volatile components and twenty-five liposoluble components were identified in volatile oils and medicinal material powder,respectively.Nineteen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r ≥ 0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 84.43％-113.31％with the RSDs of less than 9.15％.CONCLUSION This stable,accurate and reproducible method can provide a reference for the quality evaluation of Yinhu Ganmao Powder.