Objective To investigate the correlation of serum leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein-1(LRG1)and Thiol levels with autoimmune antibodies and renal injury in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis(SLEN).Methods 80 SLEN patients(SLEN group)and 80 simple SLE patients(non-SLEN group)admitted to the Department of Nephrology at Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital and the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology at Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum LRG1 levels,while a colorimetric assay was used to detect serum Thiol levels.Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between serum LRG1 and Thiol levels,autoimmune antibodies,and renal function indicators in SLEN patients.The diagnostic value of serum LRG1 and Thiol levels in SLEN was analyzed using receiver characteristic curves.Results The serum LRG1(26.00±8.76 μg/ml)and Scr(98.03±49.71μmol/L)in the SLEN group were higher than those in the non-SLEN group(16.71±5.51μg/ml,73.85±33.51μmol/L),and Thiol(80.69±36.90μmol/L)was lower than those in the non-SLEN group(131.49±45.34μmol/L),the differences were statistically significant(t=8.026,3.608,7.772,all P<0.001).Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum LRG1 in SLEN patients was positively correlated with anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid(dsDNA)antibody,anti-complement 1q(C1q)antibody,anti-Smith antibody,serum creatinine(Scr),24-hour urine protein(r=0.226～0.637,all P<0.05),and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)(r=-0.633,P<0.05).Serum Thiol was negatively correlated with anti-dsDNA antibodies,anti C1q antibodies,anti-Smith antibodies,Scr and 24-hour urine protein(r=-0.612～-0.256,all P<0.05),and positively correlated with eGFR(r=0.614,P<0.05).The AUC(95%CI)of serum LRG1 combined with Thiol levels for diagnosing of SLEN was 0.907(0.851～0.947),which was higher than that of serum LRG1 and Thiol alone at 0.802(0.731～0.860)and 0.808(0.738～0.866),and the differences were statistically significant(Z=3.450,3.749,all P<0.05).Conclusion Elevated serum LRG1 levels and decreased Thiol levels in SLEN patients were closely related to positive expression of autoimmune antibodies and renal dysfunction.Combined detection of serum LRG1 and Thiols can provide reference for the diagnosis of SLEN.

Recent studies have shown that the physiological homeostasis of oral mucosal cells is regulated by the circadian clock.Dis-ruption or dysfunction of the circadian clock is closely associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Research based on the circadian clock offers a novel perspective on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for OSCC.However,there is current-ly limited research on this topic,and people generally have insufficient understanding and recognition of the circadian clock.Given the complexity and challenges of circadian clock which is the fourth dimension of medical research,we organize relevant experts based on summarizing the current research results of circadian clock in the pathogenesis and precision diagnosis and treatment of OSCC,combining the scientific principles of the circadian clock's role and their long-term research experience,then summarizes and recommends the con-sensus opinions for the research of circadian clock in the pathogenesis mechanism and precision diagnosis and treatment of human OSCC,with the hope of providing guidance for the basic research and clinical application of circadian clock or circadian rhythm in the pathogene-sis mechanism and precision diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the correlation of serum leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein-1(LRG1)and Thiol levels with autoimmune antibodies and renal injury in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis(SLEN).Methods 80 SLEN patients(SLEN group)and 80 simple SLE patients(non-SLEN group)admitted to the Department of Nephrology at Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital and the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology at Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum LRG1 levels,while a colorimetric assay was used to detect serum Thiol levels.Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between serum LRG1 and Thiol levels,autoimmune antibodies,and renal function indicators in SLEN patients.The diagnostic value of serum LRG1 and Thiol levels in SLEN was analyzed using receiver characteristic curves.Results The serum LRG1(26.00±8.76 μg/ml)and Scr(98.03±49.71μmol/L)in the SLEN group were higher than those in the non-SLEN group(16.71±5.51μg/ml,73.85±33.51μmol/L),and Thiol(80.69±36.90μmol/L)was lower than those in the non-SLEN group(131.49±45.34μmol/L),the differences were statistically significant(t=8.026,3.608,7.772,all P<0.001).Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum LRG1 in SLEN patients was positively correlated with anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid(dsDNA)antibody,anti-complement 1q(C1q)antibody,anti-Smith antibody,serum creatinine(Scr),24-hour urine protein(r=0.226～0.637,all P<0.05),and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)(r=-0.633,P<0.05).Serum Thiol was negatively correlated with anti-dsDNA antibodies,anti C1q antibodies,anti-Smith antibodies,Scr and 24-hour urine protein(r=-0.612～-0.256,all P<0.05),and positively correlated with eGFR(r=0.614,P<0.05).The AUC(95%CI)of serum LRG1 combined with Thiol levels for diagnosing of SLEN was 0.907(0.851～0.947),which was higher than that of serum LRG1 and Thiol alone at 0.802(0.731～0.860)and 0.808(0.738～0.866),and the differences were statistically significant(Z=3.450,3.749,all P<0.05).Conclusion Elevated serum LRG1 levels and decreased Thiol levels in SLEN patients were closely related to positive expression of autoimmune antibodies and renal dysfunction.Combined detection of serum LRG1 and Thiols can provide reference for the diagnosis of SLEN.

Recent studies have shown that the physiological homeostasis of oral mucosal cells is regulated by the circadian clock.Dis-ruption or dysfunction of the circadian clock is closely associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Research based on the circadian clock offers a novel perspective on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for OSCC.However,there is current-ly limited research on this topic,and people generally have insufficient understanding and recognition of the circadian clock.Given the complexity and challenges of circadian clock which is the fourth dimension of medical research,we organize relevant experts based on summarizing the current research results of circadian clock in the pathogenesis and precision diagnosis and treatment of OSCC,combining the scientific principles of the circadian clock's role and their long-term research experience,then summarizes and recommends the con-sensus opinions for the research of circadian clock in the pathogenesis mechanism and precision diagnosis and treatment of human OSCC,with the hope of providing guidance for the basic research and clinical application of circadian clock or circadian rhythm in the pathogene-sis mechanism and precision diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial squamous cell carcinoma.

The biological clock(also known as the circadian rhythm)is the fundamental reliance for all organisms on Earth to adapt and survive in the Earth's rotation environment.Circadian rhythm is the most basic regulatory mechanism of life activities,and plays a key role in maintaining normal physiological and biochemical homeostasis,disease occurrence and treatment.Recent studies have shown that the biologi-cal clock plays an important role in the development of oral tissues and in the occurrence and treatment of oral diseases.Since there is cur-rently no guiding literature on the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,researchers mainly conduct research based on pub-lished references,which has led to controversy about the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,and there are many confusions about how to rationally apply the research methods of circadia rhythms.In view of this,this expert consensus summarizes the characteristics of the biological clock and analyzes the shortcomings of the current biological clock research in stomatology,and organizes relevant experts to summarize and recommend 10 principles as a reference for the rational implementation of the biological clock in stomatology research.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Qiaoqi Formula （翘芪组方） for mild influenza. MethodsA randomized controlled study was designed， recruiting 74 patients with mild influenza， who were randomly divided into trial group and control group. The trial group took Qiaoqi Formula orally， 40ml each time， twice a day； the control group took Lianhua Qingwen Capsules （连花清瘟胶囊） orally， 1.4 g each time， three times a day. Both groups were treated for 3 consecutive days and follow-up for 4 consecutive days after treatment. The time for fever reduction including onset of fever reduction， complete fever reduction time， fever reduction rates at 24， 48 and 72 hours， improvement of influenza symptoms， total traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score， and safety indicators in two groups after treatment were recorded. ResultsSixty-five patients were ultimately included， including 36 in the trial group and 29 in the control group. Onset time of fever reduction in the trial group was （15.49±23.47） h， the complete fever reduction time （21.37±30.06）h， and the 24 h， 48 h， 72 h， fever reduction rate was 77.14%， 88.57%， 91.42% respectively. The above indicators of the control group showed as （17.58±20.38）h， （24.30±21.87）h， 61.29%， 90.32%， 96.77% respectively， with no statistically significant differences （P＞0.05）. On the 7th day after treatment， the total score of TCM syndromes in trial group and control group decreased compared to those before treatment （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the cure rate， significant effective rate， effective rate， and total effective rate of TCM syndromes between groups （P＞0.05）. On the 4th day， the lymphocyte ratio of patients in the control group was higher than before treatment， while alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， urea， and creatinine of both groups before and after treatment were within the normal range. The main adverse reactions in both groups were mild headache and dizziness， and no serious adverse reactions observed. ConclusionThe therapeutic effect of Qiaoqi Formula in treating mild influenza is equivalent to Lianhua Qingwen Capsules， which can shorten the fever reduction time， improve clinical symptoms， and no adverse events observed during the study.

Objective:To investigate the iodine content in drinking water of residents in Henan Province, and clarify the distribution characteristics of water iodine in Henan Province.Methods:In 2017, in all counties (cities and districts, hereinafter referred to as counties) of Henan Province, taking township (town, subdistrict office, hereinafter referred to as township) as the unit to carry out an investigation of iodine content in drinking water; and in the township with water iodine content of 10 μg/L or more, taking administrative village (neighborhood committee, hereinafter referred to as the administrative village) as the unit to carry out the drinking water iodine content investigation. Supplementary investigation was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in administrative villages where water iodine levels had never been tested or had not been tested after replacing water sources. At least 25 ml water samples were collected at each sampling site, and the water iodine content was determined by cerous sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry.Results:From 2017 to 2020, the median water iodine in Henan Province was 8.20 μg/L. A total of 50 124 administrative villages in 2 465 townships, 160 counties and 18 provincial-level cities were investigated for iodine content in drinking water, of which 65.5% (32 807/50 124) of the administrative villages had a median water iodine < 40 μg/L, belonging to iodine deficiency area; 16.9% (8 473/50 124) of the administrative villages had a median water iodine of 40-100 μg/L, suitable for iodine; and 17.6% (8 844/50 124) of the administrative villages had a median water iodine > 100 μg/L, belonging to water source high iodine area.Conclusions:Henan Province as a whole is at the state of iodine deficiency in the external environment. Most administrative villages are iodine deficiency areas. There are certain proportion of water source areas with high iodine and areas with suitable iodine.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutritional level of residents in iodine adequate areas in Henan Province, and provide basis for making policy of targeted guidance and rational iodine supplementation.Methods:In the 156 counties of Henan Province in 2020, one township was selected from each location (east, west, south, north and middle) in each county; one school was selected from each township; 40 children aged 8-10 years in the school and 20 pregnant women in the township were selected to collect their urine and salt samples to test urine and salt iodine levels. One third of the counties were selected to examine the thyroid gland of children. Individuals lived in villages with water iodine between 40 and 100 μg/L were included in the study.Results:In iodine adequate areas, a total of 2 097 salt samples were collected from children and tested, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.6% (1 962/2 097). A total of 2 096 urine samples were collected from children and tested, and the median urinary iodine was 288.0 μg/L. The goiter rate of children was 0.7% (5/723). A total of 1 068 salt samples from pregnant women were tested, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.0% (993/1 068). A total of 1 068 urine samples from pregnant women were tested, with a median urinary iodine 232.7 μg/L. Stratified by water iodine (40-59, 60-79, 80-100 μg/L), the median urinary iodine of children was 273.8, 288.6, and 305.9 μg/L, respectively, statistically significantly different between groups ( H = 15.79, P < 0.001); the goiter rate of children was ≤2%, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (χ 2 = 7.31, P = 0.026); but the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was not significantly different ( H = 1.82, P = 0.402). Under different water iodine conditions, there was no significant difference in urinary iodine levels in children and pregnant women between the high salt iodine concentration group (≥21 mg/kg) and the low salt iodine concentration group (< 21 mg/kg, P > 0.05). Conclusions:The iodine nutrition level of children in iodine adequate areas in Henan Province is relatively high, and the iodine nutrition of pregnant women is appropriate. The goiter rate of children is at a relatively low level. Continuous surveillance should be conducted to comprehensively evaluate the iodine nutrition level. Various measures will be taken by regions and populations.

Objective:To compare the coverage rate of non-iodized salts, children's iodine nutrition and the change trend of goiter rate between the original water source high iodine areas in Henan Province in 2017 and the newly designated water source high iodine areas in 2019.Methods:Using a cross-sectional survey method, household edible salt monitoring was conducted in all 20 counties (cities, districts) with high iodine content in Henan Province in 2017. Ten counties (cities, districts) were selected to monitor water iodine, urinary iodine and thyroid volume of children aged 8 to 10 years. A total of 4 430 salt samples and 1 012 urine samples were collected, and thyroid volume of 1 012 children were measured. In 2019, monitoring of household edible salt, water iodine, urinary iodine, and thyroid volume was carried out in all 55 newly designated counties (cities, districts) with high iodine village. A total of 9 835 salt samples and 9 830 urine samples were collected, and the thyroid volume of 8 896 children was measured. The monitoring results of two years were compared, and the relationship between children's urinary iodine and goiter rate was analyzed by univariate logistic regression.Results:In 2019, the water iodine content in newly designated high iodine areas decreased compared to the original high iodine areas in 2017 (119.8 to 191.0 μg/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = - 2.48, P = 0.013). The rate of non-iodized salts in 2019 was only 35.5% (3 494/9 835), significantly lower than that in 2017 (96.2%, 4 263/4 430, χ 2 = 4 536.74, P < 0.001). The median urinary iodine of children in 2017 and 2019 were 338.2 and 317.8 μg/L, respectively, the difference between the two years was statistically significant ( Z = - 2.46, P = 0.014). In 2017 and 2019, the goiter rate of children aged 8 to 10 years was 1.5% (15/1 012) and 2.1% (187/8 896), respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two years (χ 2 = 1.76, P = 0.185). The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the control group with urinary iodine < 100 μg/L, the risk of goiter rate (but the enlargement rate did not exceed 5%) increased with the increase of urinary iodine level (100 - 199, 200 - 299 and ≥300 μg/L groups), and the differences were statistically significant [odds ratio ( OR) = 8.64, 7.68, 10.69, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:After the implementation of the new demarcation standard for areas with excessive iodine in water sources, the supply of non-iodized salts in Henan Province is relatively lagging behind, and the iodine nutrition level of children is still high, but the goiter rate is relatively stable.

Objective:To understand the status of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Henan Province, so as to provide scientific basis for improving prevention and control strategies.Methods:Ten counties (districts, referred to as counties) were selected from drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Henan Province in 2018. Three villages in each project county were selected according to the disease status of mild, moderate and severe conditions, and the operation status of water improvement projects, water fluoride content and dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years in each diseased village were monitored.Results:Totally 30 villages were surveyed, all of which were in the water improvement projects; a total of 25 water improvement projects were monitored, all of them were in normal operation, and the water fluoride exceeding standard rate was 28.00% (7/25), the qualified rate of water fluoride in the water improvement projects was 72.00% (18/25). Among them, 21 villages were in normal operation and the water fluoride in the water improvement projects met national standard. In which the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years was 36.71% (606/1 651), the index of dental fluorosis was 0.74, and the epidemic intensity was extremely mild. Water fluoride of water improvement projects in 9 villages exceeded the national standard, where the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years was 43.57% (261/599), the index of dental fluorosis was 0.78, and the epidemic intensity was extremely mild. The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in the villages where the water fluoride of water improvement projects exceeded the national standard was higher than that in the villages where the water fluoride of water improvement projects met the national standard (χ 2=8.752, P < 0.01). Conclusions:The excessive fluorine content in the water of water improvement projects is still serious, and the epidemic is still severe. It is necessary to strengthen the scientific demonstration of the water improvement project construction and the project acceptance upon completion, so as to prevent unqualified projects from being put into use. We will carry out regular water quality monitoring and promptly rectify projects with water quality exceeding the standards.