Cryoablation therapy with explicit anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological manifestations has a long history.A large number of clinical practice has shown that cryoablation therapy is safe and effective,making it an ideal tumor treatment method in theory.Previously,its efficacy and clinical application were constrained by the limitations of refrigerants and refrigeration equipment.With the development of the new generation of cryoablation equipment represented by argon helium knives,significant progress has been made in refrigeration efficien-cy,ablation range,and precise temperature measurement,greatly promoting the progression of tumor cryoablation technology.This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanism of cryoablation technology,indications for oral mucosal melanoma(OMM)cryotherapy,clinical treatment process,adverse reactions and management,cryotherapy combination therapy,etc.,aiming to provide reference for carrying out the standardized cryoablation therapy of OMM.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the application value of Chromosomal microarray analysis(CMA)in prenatal diagnosis of nuchal translucency(NT)thickening and nasal bone dyscalci-fication.Methods The fetuses diagnosed with NT thickening and nasal bone dyscalcification at the Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Meizhou People's Hospital from September 2022 to April 2024,who underwent CMA and karyotype analysis were collected to analyze the relationship between NT thickening and nasal bone dyscalcification and chromosome abnormalities.The detection of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with NT thickening,nasal bone dyscalcification and the value of ultrasound combined with CMA in prenatal diagnosis were analyzed.Results In 75 fetuses with NT thickening and/or nasal bone dyscalcification,11 cases of chromosome aneuploidy were detected by karyotype analysis,and 5 cases of pathogenic copy number variations(CNV)were detected by CMA,with an additional detection rate of 6.7%.The additional diagnosis rates of CMA were 6.0%and 5.0%in fetuses with simple NT thickening and nasal bone dyscalcification,respectively.Conclusion CMA technique is of high value in prenatal diagnosis of fetuses with NT thickening and nasal bone dyscalcification,it can improve the detec-tion rate of fetal chromosomal abnormalities,and the combined application of multiple techniques can provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the fetuses.

The biological clock(also known as the circadian rhythm)is the fundamental reliance for all organisms on Earth to adapt and survive in the Earth's rotation environment.Circadian rhythm is the most basic regulatory mechanism of life activities,and plays a key role in maintaining normal physiological and biochemical homeostasis,disease occurrence and treatment.Recent studies have shown that the biologi-cal clock plays an important role in the development of oral tissues and in the occurrence and treatment of oral diseases.Since there is cur-rently no guiding literature on the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,researchers mainly conduct research based on pub-lished references,which has led to controversy about the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,and there are many confusions about how to rationally apply the research methods of circadia rhythms.In view of this,this expert consensus summarizes the characteristics of the biological clock and analyzes the shortcomings of the current biological clock research in stomatology,and organizes relevant experts to summarize and recommend 10 principles as a reference for the rational implementation of the biological clock in stomatology research.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of flexible terminal suction ureteral access sheath(FTS-UAS)and ureteral access sheath(UAS)with disposable flexible ureteroscope(DFU)in the treatment of large load Kidney stones sized 2-4 cm.Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 238 patients who received FTS-UAS with DFU and UAS with DFU at Ruijin Hospital from January 2019 to October 2023.The observation group consisted of 125 patients who used the FTS-UAS with DFU,and the control group consisted of 113 patients who used the UAS with DFU.We compared the groups based on stone free rate(SFR),the overall complication rates,operating times,hospital stays,and postoperative inflammation.Results Surgeries on all 238 patients were successfully completed,with the stone clearance rates for the observation group and the control group being 90.40％and 75.22％respectively,a difference that was statistically significant(P＜0.05).All 238 surgeries were completed successfully.The observation group had a 90.40％SFR,while the control group had 75.22％,with the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).The overall complication rates were 1.6％in the observation group and 14.16％in the control group,a statistically significant difference(P＜0.001).The stone fragmentation and clearance took(101.17±25.64)minutes in the observation group and(86.23±20.35)minutes in the control group,also a significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion The FTS-UAS combined with DFU can improve SFR and has better safety in the treatment of 2-4 cm Kidney stones,despite longer fragmentation and clearance times compared to UAS.

Objective: To explore the association of health literacy with smoking attempt behavior among middle school students in China，and to provide ideas for health education for middle school students. Methods: Using stratified cluster sampling method, 1 066 students were selected from Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces in China during June to November 2017, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect health literacy and smoking attempt behavior. Results: The score of health literacy among middle school students was (13.49±1.87). Students who lived in eastern and rural areas, girls, guardians who were jointly supervised by their parents and grandparents, the only child, non smokers, and small amount of weekly pocket money had higher scores in health literacy（ t/F =9.81,3.10,11.12,2.65,3.50,4.47,2.64， P ＜0.05）. The prevalence of smoking attempt behavior was 5.5%. Multiple Logistic regression analyses showed that central and western China, drinking and low healthy literacy were positively correlated with smoking attempt behavior ( OR =2.75, 3.54, 21.62, 2.50, P <0.05). Conclusion Low healthy literacy can be used as a predictor of smoking attempt among middle school students, the health education should be conducted to control the smoking attempt behavior.

Peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) are drug delivery systems consisting of a drug covalently coupled to a multifunctional peptide via a cleavable linker. As an emerging prodrug strategy, PDCs not only preserve the function and bioactivity of the peptides but also release the drugs responsively with the cleavable property of the linkers. Given the ability to significantly improve the circulation stability and targeting of drugs in vivo and reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, PDCs have already been extensively applied in drug delivery. Herein, we review the types and mechanisms of peptides, linkers and drugs used to construct PDCs, and summarize the clinical applications and challenges of PDC drugs.

Objective To investigate the relationship between visceral fat related index and the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods A total of 308 patients hospitalized with AP at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from September 2014 to October 2021 were included. They were divided into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) ( n =186), moderate severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) ( n =60) and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) ( n =62) for comparison in age, hospitalization cost and days, scoring systems and body mass indexes. Comparison of normally distributed continuous data with homogeneity of variance between groups was made by one-way analysis of variance, and intergroup and intragroup pairwise comparison of data with heterogeneity of variance was made by the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) for each index were constructed and area under the curve ( AUC ) was calculated to evaluate the performance of each index. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors of MSAP and SAP. Results There were significant differences among the three groups in terms of hospitalization costs and durations, TG, HDL-C, NLR, WBC, Alb, Cr, BUN, scoring systems, CMI, LAP, WTI and CVAI. Further pairwise comparisons revealed that CMI, LAP, WTI and CVAI were significantly higher in the MAP group than in MSAP and SAP groups. We also found correlation between CMI and the severity of AP ( r =0.352, P < 0.001). By comparing the AUC s, CMI was found to be the most accurate in predicting the occurrence of MSAP and SAP. Univariable logistic regression analysis showed that CMI, LAP, WTI, CVAI and WC were the risk factors of MSAP and SAP. After adjusting for confounding factors, CMI and CVAI were identified as the independent risk factors of MSAP and SAP. The risk of MSAP and SAP with CMI ≥ 0.801 was 3.740 times that with CMI < 0.801 (95% CI : 1.983~7.056, P < 0.001). Conclusions Visceral fat is related to the severity of AP. Among the four visceral fat related indexes (CMI, LAP, WTI and CVAI), cardiometabolic index is the most valuable in predicting the severity of AP and they are positively correlated. CMI, an independent risk factor for MSAP and SAP, can be used to predict and assess the severity of AP.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),glycosylated serum protein(GSP),sex hormone binding globulin(SHBG),three acylglycerol(TG),free fatty acid(FFA)in diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods 103 cases of GDM patients and 98 cases of healthy pregnant women from February 2015 to August 2016 were selected as the GDM group and control group.The positive detection rates and levels of HbA1c,GSP,SHBG,TG and FFA were compared between the two groups.Moreover the diagnostic efficiency of various indicators was analyzed.Results The levels of HbA1c, GSP,TG and FFA in the GDM group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the SH-BG level was significantly lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the positive rates of HbA1c,GSP,SHBG,TG and FFA in the GDM group were significantly higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the specificity,sensitivity and positive prediction value of HbA1c,GSP,SHBG,TG and FFA for jointly diagnosing GDM were signifi-cantly higher than those of single indicator,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Detecting HbA1c,NGSP,SHBG,TG and FFA is more accurate for jointly diagnosing GDM,has an important diagnostic value,and can serve as the assisted diagnostic indicators.

Objective To identify the species of sarcosaphagous flies by amplifying cytochrome oxidase subunitI (CO I) gene fragment,combined with morphological characteristics.Methods The DNA of sarcosaphagous flies was extacted by modified Tris balanced phenol-Tris saturated phenol protocol,the amplificationand sequencing of CO Ⅰ fragment were conducted,and the results were then compared with the database for analysis.Results The modified DNA extration method by Tris balanced phenol-Tris saturated phenol could obtain effective DNA of sarcosaphagous flies,and be applied for CO Ⅰ fragment amplification,and thus for identification of the species of sarcosaphagous flies.Conclusion The DNA extracted from sarcosaphagous flies by modified Tris balanced phenol-Tris saturated phenol protocol could be used astemplate for the amplification of CO Ⅰ fragment,and the system could identify the species of sareosaphagous flies after sequencing and alignment with the sequences of database.Compared with traditional identification methods of using morphological characteristics,the current system is more accurate and could be more widely applied.

Objective:To test curriculum management effect of graduate students'clinical practice of counseling psychology.Methods:Totally 26 students [average age (24.5 ± 1.0) years] who completed 30-day interns summer were investigated with the self-made questionnaire evaluating the quality of clinical practice.Results:All students obtained promotion in practice activities,the attendance ranged from 50.0％ to 96.2％.The overall satisfaction was (3.8 ± 0.8) and the average degree of supervisors'satisfaction was (4.0 ± 0.8).There were 92.3 ％ of the students had participated more than 224 hours' practice and completed all tasks.After the interns,the students had significantly improved in all 8 aspects of professional abilities.Conclusion:In graduate education of counseling psychology,curriculum management of clinical practice may be an effective approach to improve students' clinical skills.