Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing nurses' assertiveness through the lens of cognitive behavioral theory. Methods: Convenience sampling was employed to recruit nurses from a tertiary care university hospital in Seoul, South Korea, for this cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. Data were gathered using a self-administered online questionnaire distributed via the hospital's internal online portal (open bulletin board), resulting in a final sample of 118 nurses (92.4% female, mean age=28.7 years). Data analysis was conducted using R version 4.3.1. Results: Assertiveness was found to be negatively correlated with both irrational beliefs (r=-.57) and social anxiety (r=-.56), while a positive correlation existed between irrational beliefs and social anxiety (r=.67). Multiple regression analysis revealed that irrational beliefs (β=-.36) and social anxiety (β=-.32) were significant predictors of assertiveness, collectively accounting for 38% of the variance after adjusting for demographic variables. Conclusion This study illustrated that cognitive behavioral theory effectively elucidates the factors influencing nurses' assertiveness. Given that social anxiety emerged as a strong predictor, assertiveness training should address both cognitive and emotional aspects.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore traumatic experiences and posttraumatic growth among Korean veterans. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using photovoice. Purposive sampling strategies yielded five veterans who had experienced traumatic events. Participants engaged in three discussion sessions between August 5, 2023, and October 28, 2023. The collected data were analyzed using photovoice document analysis and thematic analysis. Results: Study results identified the following themes: ‘The collapse of my life as a result massive trauma,’ ‘Sinking into endless isolation and disconnection,’ ‘The process of finding myself through reflection,’ and ‘My life journey moving forward together.’ Despite the irreversible damage caused by traumatic experiences during military service, the participants continuously reflected on the meaning of their trauma and posttraumatic growth, thereby recovering their authentic selves. Conclusion Veterans who have experienced traumatic events face severe difficulties, however through their efforts at recovery, they recognize the individuals they are now. This study suggests the need for social support and highlights the necessity of providing various opportunities and policy assistance to traumatized veterans.

Purpose: The incidence of mental disorders in young adults has been increasing since the COVID-19 pandemic. The specific characteristics of young adults with mental disorders can lead to significant caregiving challenges. Understanding these challenges can help healthcare professionals provide timely interventions and support. Thus, this study aimed to understand the caregiving experiences of parents of young adult children with mental disorders and to grasp their essential meaning. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was adopted. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with nine parents and the data were analyzed using the phenomenological method. Data collection was conducted by nine parents of young adult children with mental disorders from July to October 2023 at S General Hospital. Results: The analysis revealed the overarching theme of “A journey of finding hope in a dark tunnel,” supported by three main themes: 1) life feels like walking on eggshells with the child; 2) being aware of the changing family lifestyle and seeking balance; and 3) lifelong tasks for parents and society. Conclusion Parents experienced various difficulties intertwined with their own and their child’s developmental tasks. However, both the parents and children grew, discovering positive elements such as happiness and hope.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore traumatic experiences and posttraumatic growth among Korean veterans. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using photovoice. Purposive sampling strategies yielded five veterans who had experienced traumatic events. Participants engaged in three discussion sessions between August 5, 2023, and October 28, 2023. The collected data were analyzed using photovoice document analysis and thematic analysis. Results: Study results identified the following themes: ‘The collapse of my life as a result massive trauma,’ ‘Sinking into endless isolation and disconnection,’ ‘The process of finding myself through reflection,’ and ‘My life journey moving forward together.’ Despite the irreversible damage caused by traumatic experiences during military service, the participants continuously reflected on the meaning of their trauma and posttraumatic growth, thereby recovering their authentic selves. Conclusion Veterans who have experienced traumatic events face severe difficulties, however through their efforts at recovery, they recognize the individuals they are now. This study suggests the need for social support and highlights the necessity of providing various opportunities and policy assistance to traumatized veterans.

Purpose: The incidence of mental disorders in young adults has been increasing since the COVID-19 pandemic. The specific characteristics of young adults with mental disorders can lead to significant caregiving challenges. Understanding these challenges can help healthcare professionals provide timely interventions and support. Thus, this study aimed to understand the caregiving experiences of parents of young adult children with mental disorders and to grasp their essential meaning. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was adopted. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with nine parents and the data were analyzed using the phenomenological method. Data collection was conducted by nine parents of young adult children with mental disorders from July to October 2023 at S General Hospital. Results: The analysis revealed the overarching theme of “A journey of finding hope in a dark tunnel,” supported by three main themes: 1) life feels like walking on eggshells with the child; 2) being aware of the changing family lifestyle and seeking balance; and 3) lifelong tasks for parents and society. Conclusion Parents experienced various difficulties intertwined with their own and their child’s developmental tasks. However, both the parents and children grew, discovering positive elements such as happiness and hope.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore traumatic experiences and posttraumatic growth among Korean veterans. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using photovoice. Purposive sampling strategies yielded five veterans who had experienced traumatic events. Participants engaged in three discussion sessions between August 5, 2023, and October 28, 2023. The collected data were analyzed using photovoice document analysis and thematic analysis. Results: Study results identified the following themes: ‘The collapse of my life as a result massive trauma,’ ‘Sinking into endless isolation and disconnection,’ ‘The process of finding myself through reflection,’ and ‘My life journey moving forward together.’ Despite the irreversible damage caused by traumatic experiences during military service, the participants continuously reflected on the meaning of their trauma and posttraumatic growth, thereby recovering their authentic selves. Conclusion Veterans who have experienced traumatic events face severe difficulties, however through their efforts at recovery, they recognize the individuals they are now. This study suggests the need for social support and highlights the necessity of providing various opportunities and policy assistance to traumatized veterans.

Purpose: The incidence of mental disorders in young adults has been increasing since the COVID-19 pandemic. The specific characteristics of young adults with mental disorders can lead to significant caregiving challenges. Understanding these challenges can help healthcare professionals provide timely interventions and support. Thus, this study aimed to understand the caregiving experiences of parents of young adult children with mental disorders and to grasp their essential meaning. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was adopted. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with nine parents and the data were analyzed using the phenomenological method. Data collection was conducted by nine parents of young adult children with mental disorders from July to October 2023 at S General Hospital. Results: The analysis revealed the overarching theme of “A journey of finding hope in a dark tunnel,” supported by three main themes: 1) life feels like walking on eggshells with the child; 2) being aware of the changing family lifestyle and seeking balance; and 3) lifelong tasks for parents and society. Conclusion Parents experienced various difficulties intertwined with their own and their child’s developmental tasks. However, both the parents and children grew, discovering positive elements such as happiness and hope.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore traumatic experiences and posttraumatic growth among Korean veterans. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using photovoice. Purposive sampling strategies yielded five veterans who had experienced traumatic events. Participants engaged in three discussion sessions between August 5, 2023, and October 28, 2023. The collected data were analyzed using photovoice document analysis and thematic analysis. Results: Study results identified the following themes: ‘The collapse of my life as a result massive trauma,’ ‘Sinking into endless isolation and disconnection,’ ‘The process of finding myself through reflection,’ and ‘My life journey moving forward together.’ Despite the irreversible damage caused by traumatic experiences during military service, the participants continuously reflected on the meaning of their trauma and posttraumatic growth, thereby recovering their authentic selves. Conclusion Veterans who have experienced traumatic events face severe difficulties, however through their efforts at recovery, they recognize the individuals they are now. This study suggests the need for social support and highlights the necessity of providing various opportunities and policy assistance to traumatized veterans.

Purpose: The incidence of mental disorders in young adults has been increasing since the COVID-19 pandemic. The specific characteristics of young adults with mental disorders can lead to significant caregiving challenges. Understanding these challenges can help healthcare professionals provide timely interventions and support. Thus, this study aimed to understand the caregiving experiences of parents of young adult children with mental disorders and to grasp their essential meaning. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was adopted. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with nine parents and the data were analyzed using the phenomenological method. Data collection was conducted by nine parents of young adult children with mental disorders from July to October 2023 at S General Hospital. Results: The analysis revealed the overarching theme of “A journey of finding hope in a dark tunnel,” supported by three main themes: 1) life feels like walking on eggshells with the child; 2) being aware of the changing family lifestyle and seeking balance; and 3) lifelong tasks for parents and society. Conclusion Parents experienced various difficulties intertwined with their own and their child’s developmental tasks. However, both the parents and children grew, discovering positive elements such as happiness and hope.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify regional differences in problem drinking among adult males in single-person households and predict the determinants. Methods: This study used data from the 2019 Community Health Survey. Geographically weighted regression analysis was performed on 8,625 adult males in single-person households who had been consuming alcohol for the past year. The Si-Gun-Gu was selected as the spatial unit. Results: The top 10 regions for problem drinking among adult males in single-person households were located in the Jeju-do and Jeollanam-do areas near the southern coast, whereas the bottom 10 regions were located in the Incheon and northern Gyeonggi-do areas. Smoking, economic activity, and educational level were common factors affecting problem drinking among this population. Among the determinants of regional disparities in problem drinking among adult males in single-person households, personal factors included age, smoking, depression level, economic activity, educational level, and leisure activity, while regional factors included population and karaoke venue ratio. Conclusion Problem drinking among adult males in single-person households varies by region, and the variables affecting each particular area differ. Therefore, it is necessary to develop interventions tailored to individuals and regions that reflect the characteristics of each region by prioritizing smoking, economic activity, and educational level as the common factors.