Purpose: Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Particularly in children, anaphylaxis often occurs in the child care facilities, making the role of teachers crucial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent of improvement in anaphylaxis awareness among child care facilities teachers both online and offline education programs. Methods: On June 22 and October 18–19, 2022, a total of 387 teachers from child care facilities in Busan participated. Among them, 271 individuals received education and completed surveys online in June, and 116 participated offline in October. We administered 9 items of questionnaire survey on knowledge, and management skills for anaphylaxis before and after the educational sessions were provided by an allergy specialist. Results: The overall correct answer rates for awareness were improved from 57.1% before to 67.3% after education. Awareness of anaphylaxis symptoms was the lowest (10.1%) before education, it has improved after education, but it remained the lowest (22.5%).Awareness of self-injectable epinephrine was significantly improved from 79.8% to 93.8%, and awareness of the injection site increased from 55.8% to 86.8%. Based on the education methods, the awareness improvement rate was 5% (56.6%→61.5%) for online and 14% (57.5%→73.0%) for offline (P < 0.01). Conclusion The correct awareness of anaphylaxis is important, so repetitive, systematic and continuous education is necessary to improve and promote. Additionally, the results suggest that an educational method combining practice and feedback in offline services may be more effective than online methods in enhancing awareness of anaphylaxis.

Purpose: Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Particularly in children, anaphylaxis often occurs in the child care facilities, making the role of teachers crucial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent of improvement in anaphylaxis awareness among child care facilities teachers both online and offline education programs. Methods: On June 22 and October 18–19, 2022, a total of 387 teachers from child care facilities in Busan participated. Among them, 271 individuals received education and completed surveys online in June, and 116 participated offline in October. We administered 9 items of questionnaire survey on knowledge, and management skills for anaphylaxis before and after the educational sessions were provided by an allergy specialist. Results: The overall correct answer rates for awareness were improved from 57.1% before to 67.3% after education. Awareness of anaphylaxis symptoms was the lowest (10.1%) before education, it has improved after education, but it remained the lowest (22.5%).Awareness of self-injectable epinephrine was significantly improved from 79.8% to 93.8%, and awareness of the injection site increased from 55.8% to 86.8%. Based on the education methods, the awareness improvement rate was 5% (56.6%→61.5%) for online and 14% (57.5%→73.0%) for offline (P < 0.01). Conclusion The correct awareness of anaphylaxis is important, so repetitive, systematic and continuous education is necessary to improve and promote. Additionally, the results suggest that an educational method combining practice and feedback in offline services may be more effective than online methods in enhancing awareness of anaphylaxis.

Purpose: Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Particularly in children, anaphylaxis often occurs in the child care facilities, making the role of teachers crucial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent of improvement in anaphylaxis awareness among child care facilities teachers both online and offline education programs. Methods: On June 22 and October 18–19, 2022, a total of 387 teachers from child care facilities in Busan participated. Among them, 271 individuals received education and completed surveys online in June, and 116 participated offline in October. We administered 9 items of questionnaire survey on knowledge, and management skills for anaphylaxis before and after the educational sessions were provided by an allergy specialist. Results: The overall correct answer rates for awareness were improved from 57.1% before to 67.3% after education. Awareness of anaphylaxis symptoms was the lowest (10.1%) before education, it has improved after education, but it remained the lowest (22.5%).Awareness of self-injectable epinephrine was significantly improved from 79.8% to 93.8%, and awareness of the injection site increased from 55.8% to 86.8%. Based on the education methods, the awareness improvement rate was 5% (56.6%→61.5%) for online and 14% (57.5%→73.0%) for offline (P < 0.01). Conclusion The correct awareness of anaphylaxis is important, so repetitive, systematic and continuous education is necessary to improve and promote. Additionally, the results suggest that an educational method combining practice and feedback in offline services may be more effective than online methods in enhancing awareness of anaphylaxis.

Purpose: Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Particularly in children, anaphylaxis often occurs in the child care facilities, making the role of teachers crucial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent of improvement in anaphylaxis awareness among child care facilities teachers both online and offline education programs. Methods: On June 22 and October 18–19, 2022, a total of 387 teachers from child care facilities in Busan participated. Among them, 271 individuals received education and completed surveys online in June, and 116 participated offline in October. We administered 9 items of questionnaire survey on knowledge, and management skills for anaphylaxis before and after the educational sessions were provided by an allergy specialist. Results: The overall correct answer rates for awareness were improved from 57.1% before to 67.3% after education. Awareness of anaphylaxis symptoms was the lowest (10.1%) before education, it has improved after education, but it remained the lowest (22.5%).Awareness of self-injectable epinephrine was significantly improved from 79.8% to 93.8%, and awareness of the injection site increased from 55.8% to 86.8%. Based on the education methods, the awareness improvement rate was 5% (56.6%→61.5%) for online and 14% (57.5%→73.0%) for offline (P < 0.01). Conclusion The correct awareness of anaphylaxis is important, so repetitive, systematic and continuous education is necessary to improve and promote. Additionally, the results suggest that an educational method combining practice and feedback in offline services may be more effective than online methods in enhancing awareness of anaphylaxis.

Purpose: Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Particularly in children, anaphylaxis often occurs in the child care facilities, making the role of teachers crucial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent of improvement in anaphylaxis awareness among child care facilities teachers both online and offline education programs. Methods: On June 22 and October 18–19, 2022, a total of 387 teachers from child care facilities in Busan participated. Among them, 271 individuals received education and completed surveys online in June, and 116 participated offline in October. We administered 9 items of questionnaire survey on knowledge, and management skills for anaphylaxis before and after the educational sessions were provided by an allergy specialist. Results: The overall correct answer rates for awareness were improved from 57.1% before to 67.3% after education. Awareness of anaphylaxis symptoms was the lowest (10.1%) before education, it has improved after education, but it remained the lowest (22.5%).Awareness of self-injectable epinephrine was significantly improved from 79.8% to 93.8%, and awareness of the injection site increased from 55.8% to 86.8%. Based on the education methods, the awareness improvement rate was 5% (56.6%→61.5%) for online and 14% (57.5%→73.0%) for offline (P < 0.01). Conclusion The correct awareness of anaphylaxis is important, so repetitive, systematic and continuous education is necessary to improve and promote. Additionally, the results suggest that an educational method combining practice and feedback in offline services may be more effective than online methods in enhancing awareness of anaphylaxis.

Purpose: Precision oncology approach for recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is necessary due to its dismal prognosis. We performed a genomic profile-based umbrella trial of patients with platinum-refractory HNSCC (KCSG-TRIUMPH). Here, we present an in-depth report of the the nintedanib arm (arm 3) of the current trial. Materials and Methods: The TRIUMPH study was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial, in which patients were assigned to treatment arms based on next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based, matching genomic profiles. Patients whose tumors harbor fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) alteration were enrolled in the nintedanib arm (arm 3) as part of the TRIUMPH study. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR), and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), safety, and biomarker analysis. Results: Between October 2017 and August 2020, 207 were enrolled in the TRIUMPH study, and eight were enrolled in the nintedanib arm. ORR and disease control rate were 42.9% and 57.1%, respectively. The median PFS was 5.6 months and the median duration of response was 9.1 months. Median OS was 11.1 months. One patient maintained the partial response for 36 months. Overall, the toxicity profiles were manageable. Conclusion Single-agent nintedanib has demonstrated significant efficacy in FGFR-mutated, recurrent or metastatic HNSCC patients, with tolerable toxicity profiles. The results from the study have provided the basis for routine NGS screening and FGFR-targeted therapy. Because of the small number of patients due to slow accrual in this study, further studies with a larger cohort are warranted for statistical power.

Background: Autologous blood therapy (ABT) has been used to treat atopic dermatitis (AD) for over a century, even though evidence supporting its efficacy is lacking. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of autologous serum intramuscular injection (ASIM), which is a modified form of ABT, in treating mild-to-moderate AD. Methods: This study was a 12-week, open-label, prospective, uncontrolled trial. Following a 4-week run-in period, 22 out of 25 screened patients received ASIM once a week for 4 weeks in conjunction with standard treatment. The primary outcome measure was the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), while the secondary outcomes included the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) score, Dermatologic Life Quality Index (DLQI), and patient ratings of pruritus, sleep difficulty, disease status, and treatment effectiveness. Safety parameters were also assessed. Results: EASI scores showed a non-statistically significant trend toward improvement during ASIM intervention. Patients with at least a 50% improvement in the EASI score at 4 weeks were older and had lower peripheral eosinophil counts (p<0.05). Secondary endpoints, including the SCORAD score, pruritus, sleep difficulty, and DLQI, demonstrated statistically significant improvements at week 4 compared to baseline (p<0.05). No significant adverse reactions were observed. Conclusions This pioneering study suggests that repeated ASIM may improve the clinical symptoms of mild-to-moderate AD, particularly in terms of pruritus and overall quality of life. However, further research with a larger sample size is required to establish the clinical significance of these findings.

Two gold-spotted pond frogs (Pelophylax chosenicus) experienced anorexia, buoyancy without diving, and systemic swelling for 1 month and died several days later. On necropsy, the liver had protruding dark gray nodules scattered on its surface, and the kidneys were fat-like beige. Bacteriology showed the presence of Citrobacter braakii, Delftia acidovorans, Elizabethkingia spp., and Chryseobacterium indologenes. On microscopy, the liver showed melanomacrophagic aggregates, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis. In the case of these frogs, the edema disease is suspected to have been caused by long-term exposure to chlorine and chloramines in tap water rather than infection.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an important microsporidian protozoa that causes intestinal disorders in humans. We collected 191 fecal samples from roadkill deer carcasses, among which 13 (6.8%) showed positive reaction for E. bieneusi by polymerase chain reaction assay. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 6 distinct genotypes, 1 of which was novel. All genotypes belonged to Group 1, which has low host specificity, indicating possible transmission through sylvatic cycle. E. bieneusi infection was predominant in female deer (p<0.05).

and Relevance: We found that the duration and behavior of musth in captive male elephants were affected by the introduction of other growing male elephants.