Background: This study evaluated the clinical and radiologic outcomes of onlay patch augmentation in rotator cuff repair for moderate-to-large tears in elderly patients. Methods: We reviewed 24 patients who underwent onlay augmentation with dermal allograft after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair from January 2017 to March 2020. Inclusion criteria were patients aged >65 years with tears >2.5 cm, who were followed for >12 months after surgery, and patients who could raise their arms above 90° preoperatively. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant-Murley score, Pain visual analog scale (VAS), and VAS for satisfaction were used as clinical outcomes. For the evaluation of cuff integrity, magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed every 3 months after surgery. The results were compared before and after surgery in all patients and between the retear and intact groups. Results: The average follow-up period was 16.38 months, and the mean age of patients was 71.05 years. All patients showed significant improvement in ASES score, Constant-Murley score, and pain VAS at the last evaluation. The average value of satisfaction VAS was 7.27/10. The retear rate was 25% (6/24) if Sugaya type 3 was categorized in the retear group, otherwise 16.7% (4/24), if Sugaya type 3 was categorized into the intact group. Irrespective of Sugaya type 3 being included in the retear group, there was no significant difference in outcome variables between the intact and retear groups during follow-up. Conclusions In moderate-to-large rotator cuff tear in elderly patients, onlay patch augmentation improved clinical outcomes. Retear did not adversely affect clinical outcomes.

BACKGROUND: The relative frequency and clinicopathologic characteristics of lymphomas vary according to geography and race. Data on the features of cutaneous lymphoma in Korea are limited. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to document the relative occurrence, the clinical and histopathological features of cutaneous lymphomas in Korea. METHODS: The Korean Dermatopathology Research Group conducted a review of nationwide collection of 80 cutaneous lymphomas, diagnosed at 23 institutes over recent 3-year period. Clinical records and pathology slides of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Korea has a higher rate of T-cell lymphoma and NK/T cell lymphoma and a much lower rate of cutaneous B cell lymphoma. The relative frequency of the major diagnostic group according to WHO classification was as follows: mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome, 42.5%; anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 19%; nasal and nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma, 15%; subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma, 11%; peripheral T cell lymphoma, unspecified, 7.5%; follicular lymphoma, 3%; marginal zone lymphoma, 1%; angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, 1%. Compared with Western countries, the rate of nasal and nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma were much higher. Therefore, The EORTC classification is not effective in dealing with Korean cases of cutaneous lymphoma. We consider the principles of the WHO classification are applicable to the Korean cases of cutaneous lymphoma.
Academies and Institutes ; Classification ; Continental Population Groups ; Geography ; Humans ; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy ; Korea* ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Malignant melanoma in Korea has been increasing as in other countries, but there is no nationwide survey of malignant melanoma in Korea. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to document the clinical and histopathological features of cutaneous melanoma in Korea. METHODS: The Dermatopathology Research Group conducted a review of nationwide collection of 109 primary cutaneous melanomas, diagnosed at 23 institutes over a recent 3-year period. Clinical records and pathology slides of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The peak age was the 7th decade with the mean age of 58.1 years. Korea has a higher rate of acral melanoma and much lower rate of lentigo maligna melanoma. .Major component tumor cell was spindle cell type. Clark level of tumor was III or more and Breslow depth was 2mm or more at the time of the first diagnosis in many cases (62%). Pre-existing melanocytic nevus was present in a few cases (3 cases). All these features suggest that the racial difference between the Korean and the Caucasian is evident. We also suggest that an early detection program is very important to cure this malignant tumor.
Academies and Institutes ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle ; Korea* ; Melanoma* ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Data on the clinicopathologic features of hair follicle tumors in Korea are limited. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to investigate the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of hair follicle tumors in Korea. METHODS: Two hundred sixty four cases of hair follicle tumors seen from 1999 to 2001 in Korea were analyzed clinically and histopathologically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The most common hair follicle tumor in Korea was pilomatricoma(81.0%), followed by trichoepithelioma(6.4%), dilated pore of Winer(3.8%), and proliferating trichilemmal tumor(2.2%). Hair follicle tumors usually occurred as a solitary skin-colored nodule. The most commonly involved site was the face, and the peak age of presentation was 10 to 19. Pilomatricoma usually occurred as a solitary skin-colored nodule. The most commonly involved site was the arm, and more than 50% of tumors occurred before the age of 20. Histopathologically, the tumor was often surrounded by fibrous capsule and was composed of basophilic and shadow cells. It was usually located in the dermis and extended into the subcutis. Retraction spaces between tumor nests and stroma were frequently observed. Trichoepithelioma usually occurred as multiple skin-colored papules on the face. Histopathologically, the tumor was usually located in the dermis with sometimes connected to the epidermis. It frequently showed peripheral palisading. Dilated pore of Winer usually occurred as a solitary brownish to pigmented papule on the face in middle-aged persons. Proliferating trichilemmal tumor occurred as a solitary or multiple tumors. Histopathologically, the tumor was usually surrounded by incomplete fibrous capsule. Tumor cells frequently showed clear cell formation, nuclear atypia, mitosis, peripheral palisading, trichilemmal keratinization, and individual keratinization.
Arm ; Basophils ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Hair Follicle* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Korea ; Mitosis ; Pilomatrixoma

BACKGROUND: Cryosurgery uses freezing temperatures to achieve specific effects on tissues, and this method has been used to treat various skin diseases for the last five decades. The modern cryosurgery is especially effective on the treatment of benign, premalignant and malignant lesions including keloid, hypertrophic scar and pigmented disease such as Ota nevus. The results of cryosurgery depend on such factors as types of cryogen, freezing and thawing time, and numbers of the freezing-thawing cycle. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to show differences among groups of disease, sites of treatment and applying methods through comparing freezing and thawing time. And specifying the optimum applying methods for the treatment of each specific disease is studied. METHOD: To attain the goal of the study, operation records of 224 patients, who received cryosurgical treatment at the Ewha Woman's University Dongdaemoon Hospital, have been analyzed. RESULTS: 1. The numbers of male and female patients of selected group were 74 and 150, respectively, and their ages between 2 and 54 years. Among the group, 42 patients had epidermal pigmentary disease, 77 had dermal pigmentary disease and 105 had scars. 2. Ratios of TT(thawing time) to FT(freezing time) were significantly different among groups of disease(p<0.05). 3. Ratios of TT to FT were significantly different among groups of treatment site(p<0.05). 4. Ratios of TT to FT showed great difference between the group of rolling method applied and one of pressure method applied(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The output of this study indicates that the result of the cryosurgery tends to be heavily influenced by the surgical method that is employed. It also proves that the pressure method tends to inflict more severe cryoinjury on the tissues than the rolling method. Each different tissue shows different sensitivity to the cold injury, and the longer the thawing time is, the more cryoinjury of tissues occurs. Therefore, to achieve the maximum therapeutic result while minimizing the undesired effect, adequate surgical method should be selected and applied to each specific disease. This concept is introduced in this study as "Theory of Selective Cryolysis.".
Cicatrix ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Cryosurgery* ; Female ; Freezing ; Humans ; Keloid ; Male ; Nevus of Ota ; Skin Diseases

It has been shown that wornen with endometriosis have several immunological defects. The effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) for the treatment of induced endometriosis in rat was studied. The results obtained are as followings: proliferation of epithelium is increased, and the inner surface is undulated with 1.5 nM IL-2. In 7.5 nM IL-2, the epithelial cells are changed to columar ones, and secretory hobs are observed at the apex of individual cell. Secretory activity of epithelium is increased with 0.5 nM IL-2, and apoptosis of the epithelial cell is observed in 15 nM IL-2. The levels of progesterone and estradiol in sera of rat were increased after treatment with IL-2 and were highest in the concentration of 1.5 nM IL-2. The results of this study can be a guide in the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of endometriosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Endometriosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Estradiol ; Female ; Interleukin-2* ; Progesterone ; Rats*

BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis, especially toenail onychomycosis has become one of the common fungal infection and has historically been regarded as a cosmetic rather than medical problem by many patients, even by physicians. Recently, however, there are several reports that this is a refractory disease which may cause a deleterious effect on patients' quality of life (QOL). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of toenail onychomycosis on QOL in Korea and to assess the changes of QOL after treatment. METHODS: Total 1004 patients with toenail onychomycosis which was confirmed by clinical findings and KOH preparation were enrolled at 47 dermatologic centers in Korea, and interviewed with standardized QOL questionnaire before and after systemic antifungal treatment. Responses to the questionnaire were scored by f-point scale (0~4) and averaged, and were analyzed for 5 dimensions of emotional impact, social impact, symptom and functional impact, patients' views concerning treatment, and relationship with doctor. RESULTS: 1. Before and after treatment, the most serious impact was emotional dimension showing 1.90 and 1.30 in average score (AS), and social (AS: 1.14 and 0.83) and symptom and functional impact (AS: 1.05 and 0.92) was also affected. 2. In female rather than male, statistically more significant impact on patients' QOL was observed in all dimensions. 3. After treatment, 3 of 5 dimensions were improved significantly - emotional dimension (AS: from 1.90 to 1.30), social dimension (AS: from 1.14 to 0.83), patients' view concerning treatment(AS: from 1.34 to 1.02) 4. The degree of patients' satisfaction at the therapeutic effect was very high - 62.4% (immediately after. treatment) and 65.8% (9 months after initiation of treatment) of patients answered excellent or good. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that toenail onychomycosis has significant Impact on the overall QOL of patients. Also the effect of antifungal therapy on patients' QOL were satisfactory. Therefore, both doctor and patient should pay more attention to the treatment of onychomycosis.
Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Nails* ; Onychomycosis* ; Quality of Life* ; Social Change ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of sulfhydryl compounds, cysteine and glutathione, on the size of melanosomes and the ratio of melanosormai stages of epidermal melanocytes in UV-irradiated black mice. The results were as follows; 1. Both of cysteine and glutathione showed significant diminution in the short axis of melanosomes and the percentage of stage 4 melanosomes of epidermal melanocytes in C57BL black mice skin. 2. The length of short axis of melanosomes in glutathione-treated group is smaller than those in cysteine-treated group at the end of 3rd week of intraperitoneal injection. The percentage of stage IV melanosomes significantly decreased in glutathione-treated group and cysteine-treated group at the end of 3rd week and 5th week respectively. 3. In glutathione-treated group, the short axis of melanosomes and the percentage of stage 4 melanosomes both decreased in proportional to the period of intraperitoneal in]ection.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cysteine ; Glutathione ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Melanocytes* ; Melanosomes ; Mice* ; Skin ; Sulfhydryl Compounds*

The present study was performed to evaluate the comedogenicity of several cosmetic ingredients, vegetable oils, steroid and sulfur. The test materials were applied to one ear canal of rabbits for 6 weekdays for 2 weeks. The results were as follows: l. Among the 14 cosmetic ingredients, no comedogenicity was shown in propylene glycol and petrolatum, mild comedogencity in squalene, acetylated lanolin, polyethylene glycol, cetyl aIcohol and Tween 80. Propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate and oleic acid showed moderate comedogenicity. Severe comedogenicity was observed in myristyl myristate, isopropyl myristate, butyl stearate and myristyl lactate. 2. Moderate to severe comedogenicity was shown in olive oil, sesame oil and corn oil and moderate comedogenicity in sulfur (8%) and betamethasone dipropionate (0.06%) R. Histopathologic grading were paralleled the findings of the naked eye.
Betamethasone ; Corn Oil ; Ear Canal ; Lactic Acid ; Lanolin ; Myristic Acid ; Olea ; Oleic Acid ; Petrolatum ; Plant Oils ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Polysorbates ; Propylene Glycol ; Rabbits ; Sesame Oil ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; Squalene ; Sulfur ; Olive Oil

The development of CT scanning has revolutionized the role of radiology in the management of the pediatric head trauma. The procedure is safe and can be repeated to reassess a changing neurologic picture, thereby correlation the clinical and pathologic changes. This study included evaluation of CT of 178 infants and children with head trauma during the period of 31 months from Feb. 1979 to Aug. 1981 in the department of radiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University. 1. Age distribution of the total 178 pediatric patients was ranging from one month to 16 years. The pediatric patient population was comprised of 128 males and 50 females, and its male to female ratio was about 2.5:1. The incidence of age occurring in 3 to 6 years was 38.2% and 7 to 10 years was29.2%. Therefore the distribution of age between 3 to 6 years and 7 to 10 years was occurred in two-thirds of allpediatric patients. 2. Of all cases of injuries, traffic accidents were 60.1% and falls were 34.8%. 3. Skull fractures were roentgenographically detected in 61 (34.3%). However, the incidence of fractures in pretoddler group (0-2 years) was 61.1% and 7 to 10 years was 37.8%, 3 to 6 years was 36.8%. Most common site of skull fracture was occipital bone, next parietal bone. 4. 54.8% of pediatric head trauma due to a fall had a skull fracture, as did25.2% of those who were injured in traffic accident. 5. Cerebral CT of the total 178 pediatric patients were revealed as following study; Normal was 74.2%, epidural hematoma was 8.9%, subdural hematoma was 5.1%, Cerebral contusion was 4.5%, intracerebral hematoma was 2.2% etc. 6. Of 25 cases of the epidural and subdural hematoma, Supratentorial area was 15 cases, infratentorial area was 10 cases. 7. Most of the epidural hematoma was demonstrated a clear mental state. 8. However, intracerebral hematoma and cerebral contusion were occurred almost impairment of mental state.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Contusions ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Female ; Head ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Occipital Bone ; Parietal Bone ; Skull Fractures ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed