Objective To investigate the effects of different thermal conditions on the heat acclimatization and physical ability of rats in hot and humid environment .Methods Sixty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups:the normal temperature and humidity rest group ( or the NTHR group );the normal temperature and humidity exercise group ( or the NTHE group );the normal temperature and high humidity rest group ( or the NTHHR group ); the normal temperature and high humidity exercise group ( or the NTHHE group);the high temperature and normal humidity rest group (or the HTNHR group); the high temperature and normal hu-midity exercise group ( or the NTNHE group );the high temperature and humidity rest group ( or the HTHR group ) and the high tem-perature and humidity exercise group (or the HTHE group), each consisting of 8 animals.Every day, the rats of the rest groups were left there at rest in the corresponding environment , while the rats of the exercise groups were first left there at rest for an hour , then had exercise at a load of 14 m/min for an hour for a succession of 14 days.Every day, all the rats were weighed both before and after exper-iment, the rate of weight loss was calculated and rectal temperature was taken the moment after the experiment was terminated .At day 16, all the rats had exercise at high temperature (36℃) and high humidity (85%) environment at a load of 28 m/min for 30 minutes. The number of the exhausted rats and exhaust time were recorded during exercise , and at the same time , the levels of rectal temperature were taken the moment after exhaust and when the exercise was terminated .At day 17, the number of rats that died of exhaust was cal-culated and recorded .Results In the course of heat acclimatization , the rate of weight loss at day 4 for all the animals groups except the groups at high temperature/rest began to decrease considerably (P<0.05).The rectal temperature of the animals in the high tem-perature/rest group and the high temperature/exercise group began to drop significantly at day 4(P<0.05).The rectal temperature and weight loss rate of the rats in the 4 exercise groups were significantly higher than those of the 4 rest groups (P<0.05).Furthermore, the rectal temperature of the HTHE group was significantly higher than that of the HTNHE group (P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference in the rate of weight loss , when comparisons were made between the two groups (P>0.05).Following physical exercise at high temperature and high humidity , the rectal temperature and the number of the rats with exhaust in the midst of the exer-cise and the number of deaths the next day in the HTNHE and HTHHE groups were significantly lower than those in the NTNHR and HTHHR groups (P<0.01).However, no significant differences could be seen between the HTNHE group and the HTHHE group (P>0.05).Conclusion Exercises at high temperature/high humidity and high temperature/normal humidity could achieve best heat accli-matization effect .From the standpoint of least effect on body temperature and weight loss , training at high temperature/normal humidity environment is a more appropriate heat acclimatization method .

ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes and safety of 23G and 20G vitrectomy for treatment of infectious endophthalmitis.MethodsThis was a retrospective case study.Sixty-seven eyes of 67 eyes suffering from infectious endophthalmitis with a history of trauma or intraocular operation history were enrolled in this study.They were diagnosed by the examinations of best corrected visual acuity,intraocular pressures,slit lamp microscope,indirect ophthalmoscopy,B-scan ultrasound and CT.There were 49 males (49 eyes) and 18 females (18 eyes).The patients aged from 18 to 72 years with a mean age of (43±13)years.There were 60 patients (60 eyes) with a history of trauma,7 patients (7 eyes) with intraocular operation history.The patients were enrolled into 20G vitrectomy group (35 patients,35 eyes) before December,2009 and 23G vitrectomy group (32 patients,32 eyes) after January,2010 when 23G vitrectomy system was imported in this hospital.Vitreous purulence was taken in all patients at the beginning of the surgery for bacteria and fungal culture and drug sensitivity test. A standard vitrectomy with artificial posterior vitreous detachment followed by internal limiting membrane peeling,and (or) intraocular laser photocoagulation,cryocoagulation,fluid-air exchange with intraocular silicone oil or gas tamponade were performed in all eases.Broad-spectrum antibiotics and glucocorticoids were used systematically for one week after surgery,but glucocorticoids were not used for fungal infections.The follow-up was ranged from two to nine months with a mean of (7 ± 1) months.The surgical time,inflammation situation,visual acuity,intraocular pressure, retinal reattachment rare,iatrogenic retinal hole rate, bulbar conjunctiva scar formation rate,reoperation rate and eye retention situation before and after surgery were comparatively analyzed.ResultsThe mean surgical times were (126 ± 12) and (89 ± 12) minutes in 20G and 23G group,which was significantly different (t=3.125,P＜0.05).The major surgery complications were ora serrata dialysis and other iatrogenic retinal breaks,and were occurred in 34 eyes,including 30 eyes (85.71％) in 20G group and 4 eyes (12.50％) in 23G group (x2 =35.85,P＜0.05).These 4 eyes in 23G group received foreign body removal surgery previously.The inflammation was controlled in 65 eyes (97.01％) including 34 eyes (97.14％) and 31 eyes (96.88％) in 20G and 23G group respectively,which was not significantly different (x2=0.004,P＞0.05).At last follow-up,There was no statistical difference of visual acuity between the two groups (t=3.12,P＞0.05).Fourteen eyes underwent silicone oil tamponade including 13eyes (37.14％) and 1 eye (3.13％) in 20G and 23G group respectively,which was significantly different (x2=11.703,P＜0.05).Nine eyes underwent reoperation (13.43％),including 8 eyes (22.86％) and 1eye (3.13％) in 20G and 23G group respectively,which was significantly different (x2=5.597,P＜0.05).The 8 re-operated eyes in 20G group included 1 eye of recurrent endophthalmitis and 7 eyes with retinal detachment,the 1 re-operated eye in 23G group was of recurrent endophthalmitis.There was significantly different (x2=7.147,P＜0.05) for the rate of retinal detachment between the 2 groups.There were 40eyes with bulbar conjunctiva scar including 35 eyes (100.00％) and five eyes (15.63％) in 20G and 23G group.Conclusion 23G vitrectomy is an effective treatment for infectious endophthalmitis with shorter surgery time,lower reoperation rate,lower retinal reattachment rate and fewer bulbar conjunctiva scar.