Varicose veins in the lower extremities(VVLEs)are a common vascular disease caused by Chronic Venous Insufficiency(CVI).Traditional High Ligation and Stripping(HLS)of The Great Saphenous Vein has been largely replaced by minimally invasive techniques due to its greater surgical trauma and slower recovery.Among these techniques,radiofrequency ablation(RFA)has emerged as a preferred treatment option due to its high efficacy and safety.RFA utilizes thermal energy to occlude diseased veins,demonstrating significantly supe-rior short-and long-term closure rates compared to traditional HLS.Additionally,RFA is associated with reduced postoperative pain and a lower incidence of complications.This review comprehensively summarizes the current applications,clinical efficacy,safety profile,and future research directions of RFA in treating VVLEs,aiming to provide a valuable reference for the clinical implementation of this technique.

Varicose veins in the lower extremities(VVLEs)are a common vascular disease caused by Chronic Venous Insufficiency(CVI).Traditional High Ligation and Stripping(HLS)of The Great Saphenous Vein has been largely replaced by minimally invasive techniques due to its greater surgical trauma and slower recovery.Among these techniques,radiofrequency ablation(RFA)has emerged as a preferred treatment option due to its high efficacy and safety.RFA utilizes thermal energy to occlude diseased veins,demonstrating significantly supe-rior short-and long-term closure rates compared to traditional HLS.Additionally,RFA is associated with reduced postoperative pain and a lower incidence of complications.This review comprehensively summarizes the current applications,clinical efficacy,safety profile,and future research directions of RFA in treating VVLEs,aiming to provide a valuable reference for the clinical implementation of this technique.

In recent years, the computer science represented by artificial intelligence and high-throughput sequencing technology represented by omics play a significant role in the medical field. This paper reviews the research progress of the application of artificial intelligence combined with omics data analysis in the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), aiming to provide ideas for the development of a more effective artificial intelligence algorithm, and improve the diagnosis rate and prognosis of patients with early NSCLC through a non-invasive way.

Resection is one of the most important treatments for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and routine postoperative follow-up is an effective method for early detection and treatment of recurrent metastases, which can improve patients' quality of life and prognosis. This consensus aims to provide a reference for colleagues responsible for postoperative follow-up of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients in China, and further improve the standardization of the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative treatment has become an increasingly important aspect of the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small-scale clinical studies performed in recent years have shown improvements in the major pathological remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that it will soon become an important part of NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be accompanied by serious adverse reactions that lead to delay or cancelation of surgery, additional illness, and even death, and have therefore attracted much attention. The purpose of the clinical recommendations is to form a diagnosis and treatment plan suitable for the current domestic medical situation for the immune-related adverse event (irAE). METHODS: This recommendation is composed of experts in thoracic surgery, oncologists, thoracic medicine and irAE related departments (gastroenterology, respirology, cardiology, infectious medicine, hematology, endocrinology, rheumatology, neurology, dermatology, emergency section) to jointly complete the formulation. Experts make full reference to the irAE guidelines, large-scale clinical research data published by thoracic surgery, and the clinical experience of domestic doctors and publicly published cases, and repeated discussions in multiple disciplines to form this recommendation for perioperative irAE. RESULTS: This clinical recommendation covers the whole process of prevention, evaluation, examination, treatment and monitoring related to irAE, so as to guide the clinical work comprehensively and effectively. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative irAE management is an important part of immune perioperative treatment of lung cancer. With the continuous development of immune perioperative treatment, more research is needed in the future to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of perioperative irAE.

Surgical innovation is an important part of surgical research and practice. The evaluation of surgical innovation through the stages is similar to those for drug development, but with important differences. The Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long-term follow-up (IDEAL) Framework and Recommendations represent a new paradigm for the evaluation of surgical intervention and devices which was developed in 2009. The IDEAL is a five-stage framework involving the nature stages of surgical innovation, together with recommendations for surgical research pathway. The Framework and Recommendations were updated and published in 2019, which added a pre-IDEAL stage if necessary. The updated IDEAL also underlines the purpose, key question and ethical issues for each stage. In the first paper of IDEAL Framework and Recommendations series, we conducted a comprehensive introduction of IDEAL (e.g. the development, updates and application of IDEAL) to promote the dissemination and application of IDEAL in China.

Adherence to reporting guidelines contributes to report methodology and outcomes of research distinctly and transparently. There are some checklists with specific study types related to surgery on the EQUATOR Network’s website. However, the IDEAL framework focuses on stepwise evaluation of surgical innovation through all stages with some key elements, which those existing guidelines may not mention. This likely results in the inaccuracy in reporting in studies attempting to follow the IDEAL recommendations and suggests a pressing need for IDEAL reporting guidelines. Considering these limitations, the IDEAL developed the IDEAL reporting guidelines between October 2018 and May 2019. The paper aimed to provide interpretation of IDEAL reporting guideline, and promote its understanding and use among Chinese researchers.