BACKGROUND: Exposure to air pollution and adherence to a healthy lifestyle have been identified to be related to sarcopenia. However, the interactive effects between these two factors remain insufficiently elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the potential interaction exposure to air pollution with healthy lifestyle on the risk of developing sarcopenia. METHODS: In the retrospective cohort study, all data was extracted from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Household air pollution was assessed based on the utilization of solid fuels for cooking and heating. A lifestyle score was constructed comprising information on physical activity, smoking, drinking and sleeping time. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the effects of household air pollution and healthy lifestyle score on sarcopenia, separately. We further explored the additive interaction between household air pollution and healthy lifestyle score to sarcopenia using the interaction table developed by T Anderson. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (SI) were used to evaluate the additive interactive effect. RESULTS: 2,114 participants were included in this study. The result indicated that exposed to household air pollution [adjusted relative risk (RR) = 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-2.94] and unhealthy lifestyle (adjusted RR = 1.46, 95%CI: 1.04-2.03) were both significantly associated with increased risk of sarcopenia. Furthermore, participants exposed to both household air pollution and an unhealthy lifestyle exhibited a significantly higher risk of sarcopenia relative to those without household air pollution exposure and maintaining a healthy lifestyle (adjusted RR = 2.44). But RERI, AP, and SI suggested that there is no statistically significant additive interaction between household air pollution exposure and healthy lifestyle factors in relation to sarcopenia risk. CONCLUSION Household air pollution in conjunction with an unhealthy lifestyle confers a significantly higher risk of sarcopenia compared to either factor in isolation, with no evidence of a significant additive interaction between these two risk factors.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Sarcopenia/etiology* ; Female ; Longitudinal Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects* ; Retrospective Studies ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Risk Factors ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Cooking ; Aged, 80 and over

OBJECTIVES: Depressive and anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders worldwide and are associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. The Life's Simple 7 (LS7) guideline proposed by the American Heart Association aims to reduce cardiovascular risk by improving behaviors such as diet and physical activity, but its impact on mental health is not yet fully clear. This study examined the association between LS7 scores and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adults undergoing routine health examinations. METHODS: Data were collected from individuals who underwent health examinations from May 2015 to December 2024 at the Health Management Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital. All participants completed the LS7 assessments, the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Participants were categorized into 4 LS7 score groups: Low (≤7), average (8-9), good (10), and excellent (11-14). Those with SDS or SAS≥50 were classified as having mental disorder symptoms; with this group, SAS≥50 indicated anxiety, SDS≥50 indicated depression, and SDS and SAS≥50 indicated comorbid anxiety-depression. Binary logistic regression was used to assess associations between LS7 score and mental symptoms, calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression model was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between LS7 score (continuous variable) and the risk of mental symptoms. Nodes were set at the 5th, 35th, 65th, and 95th percentiles of the LS7 score, with the 5th percentile as the reference point. All models were adjusted for covariates such as gender, age, living alone, drinking status, education level, and sleep quality. Logistic regression framework was used to fit and calculate the adjusted OR (aOR) and 95% CI. Nonlinear relationship tests were also conducted. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the interaction between gender, age, drinking habits, education level, and other factors and the LS7 score in influencing the risk of mental symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 5 449 participants were included; 1 363 (25.01%) had depressive symptoms, 398 (7.30%) had anxiety symptoms, and 259 (4.75%) had comorbid anxiety-depression. The prevalence of mental symptoms decreased significantly as LS7 scores increased. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression indicated that LS7 score≥8 was protective against mental symptoms. Multivariate Logistic regression demonstrated moderate discriminative ability (AUC=0.672). Among individuals with anxiety, depression, or comorbid symptoms, LS7 score distributions showed a graded decrease from poor to excellent groups. After adjustment, an excellent LS7 score was associated with a 39% lower risk of depression (aOR=0.61, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.78, P<0.001), a 63% lower risk of anxiety (aOR=0.37, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.59, P<0.001), and a 66% lower risk of comorbid anxiety-depression (aOR=0.34, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.62, P=0.001). The AUC values of the anxiety model, depression model, and comorbid anxiety and depression model were 0.632, 0.672, and 0.619, respectively. All models demonstrated moderate discriminatory ability, which was statistically significant, but their capacity to distinguish cases from non-cases was limited. RCS analysis confirmed a linear inverse relationship between LS7 score and mental symptom risk. Not smoking and regular physical activity were the strongest protective behaviors. Subgroup analysis suggested stronger protective effects in men, younger adults (≤60), non-drinkers, and those with higher education levels, and revealed a significant interaction between alcohol use and LS7 score (P for interaction=0.021), indicating that alcohol consumption may weaken the protective effect of LS7. CONCLUSIONS Ideal healthy lifestyle behaviors, as reflected by higher LS7 scores, are associated with lower risks of anxiety and depression in adults. Promoting LS7-based lifestyle practices may serve as a practical and effective strategy for the prevention and management of anxiety and depression in both clinical and daily life settings.
Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Anxiety/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Risk Factors ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology* ; Exercise ; Physical Examination ; Aged

Humans ; Obesity/prevention & control* ; Healthy Lifestyle

Humans ; Obesity/prevention & control* ; Healthy Lifestyle

Humans ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; Hypertension/prevention & control* ; Body Mass Index ; Healthy Lifestyle

Objective: To investigate the associations between the numbers of healthy lifestyles and overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in adult twins in Shanghai. Methods: Based on the Shanghai Twin Registry System Phase Ⅱ survey data in 2017-2018, a case-control study was conducted to analyze the association between healthy lifestyles and obesity and further adjusted for confounders by a co-twin control study. Results: A total of 7 864 adult twins (3 932 pairs) were included. In the co-twin case-control analysis for monozygotic twins, compared with participants with 0 to 2 healthy lifestyles, those with 3 and 4 to 5 healthy lifestyles had a 49% (OR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.28-0.93) and 70% (OR=0.30, 95%CI: 0.13-0.69) lower risk of overweight/obesity, respectively, and a 17% (OR=0.83, 95%CI: 0.44-1.57) and 66% (OR=0.34, 95%CI: 0.14-0.80) lower risk of abdominal obesity, respectively. For each additional healthy lifestyle, the risk of developing overweight/obesity was reduced by 41% (OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.42-0.85), and the risk of developing abdominal obesity was reduced by 37% (OR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.44-0.90). Conclusion: An increasing number of healthy lifestyles was associated with a marked decreased risk for both overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity.
Adult ; Humans ; Case-Control Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Twins, Monozygotic

The paradox of increasing health needs and limited health resources prompted a change in the traditional concept of disease prevention and control, and the concept of proactive health has emerged. Proactive health aimed to prevent and control disease and improve the body's immunity by using controlled methods and means to activate the body's self-healing ability and to identify foreign harmful substances as well as damage factors and tumor cells that the body itself may produce while giving full play to individual initiative. With the continuous development of science, people could maintain and improve their immune system from many aspects, which could be roughly divided into nonpharmaceutical interventions and pharmaceutical interventions. Nonpharmacological interventions included changing lifestyles and habits, adjusting the nutritional structure and intake of food, regulating mindsets and emotions, and improving the living and working environment, etc. This review systematically elaborated on the functions and molecular mechanisms of nutrition, exercise, sleep, and emotion in regulating immunity, to provide some scientific evidence and theoretical support for proactive health.
Humans ; Cancer Vaccines ; Immunotherapy ; Life Style ; Nutritional Status ; Healthy Lifestyle

BACKGROUND: Severe liver disease (SLD), including cirrhosis and liver cancer, constitutes a major disease burden in China. We aimed to examine the association of genetic and healthy lifestyle factors with the incidence and prognosis of SLD. METHODS: The study population included 504,009 participants from the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank aged 30-79 years. The individuals were from 10 diverse areas in China without a history of cancer or liver disease at baseline. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident SLD and death after SLD diagnosis associated with healthy lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and central adiposity). Additionally, the contribution of genetic risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV, assessed by genetic variants in major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP/DQ [ HLA - DP / DQ ] genes) was also estimated. RESULTS: Compared with those with 0-1 healthy lifestyle factor, participants with 2, 3, and 4 factors had 12% (HR 0.88 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85, 0.92]), 26% (HR 0.74 [95%CI: 0.69, 0.79]), and 44% (HR 0.56 [95%CI: 0.48, 0.65]) lower risks of SLD, respectively. Inverse associations were observed among participants with both low and high genetic risks (HR per 1-point increase 0.83 [95%CI: 0.74, 0.94] and 0.91 [95%CI: 0.82, 1.02], respectively; Pinteraction = 0.51), although with a non-significant trend among those with a high genetic risk. Inverse associations were also observed between healthy lifestyle factors and liver biomarkers regardless of the genetic risk. Despite the limited power, healthy lifestyle factors were associated with a lower risk of death after incident SLD among participants with a low genetic risk (HR 0.59 [95%CI: 0.37, 0.96]). CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle modification may be beneficial in terms of lowering the risk of SLD regardless of the genetic risk. Moreover, it is also important for improving the prognosis of SLD in individuals with a low genetic risk. Future studies are warranted to examine the impact of healthy lifestyles on SLD prognosis, particularly among individuals with a high genetic risk.
Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Incidence ; East Asian People ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Risk Factors ; Liver Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; China/epidemiology*

Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control* ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Life Style ; Primary Prevention

Objective: To examine the prevalence of 'healthy lifestyle' from data extracted from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) of 0.5 million adults from ten areas across China. Methods: After excluding participants with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease, stroke or cancer, a total of 487 198 participants at baseline (2004-2008) and 22 604 participants at second survey (2013- 2014), were included for analysis. 'Healthy lifestyle' was defined as haing the following characteristics: a) never smoking or having stopped smoking for reasons other than illness; b) alcohol drinking <25 g/day (men)/<15 g/day (women); c) diet rich in vegetables, fruits, legumes and fish, but low in red meat; d) upper quarter of the physical activity level; e) body mass index of 18.5-23.9 kg/m(2) and waist circumstance <85 cm (men)/80 cm (women). We calculated the healthy lifestyle scores (HLS) by counting the number of all the healthy lifestyle factors, with a range from 0 to 6. Results: At baseline, prevalence rates of the above five healthy lifestyles (except physical activity) were 70.6%, 92.6%, 8.7%, 52.6% and 59.0%, respectively, with the mean HLS being 3.1±1.2. Most participants (81.4%) had2-4 healthy components, while only 0.7% (0.2% in men and 1.0% in women) of all the participants had all six healthy lifestyles. Participants who were women, at younger age, with more schooling and rural residents, were more likely to adhere to the healthy lifestyle. After ten years, the mean HLS showed a slight decrease. Conclusion: The prevalence of optimal lifestyles in Chinese adults appeared extremely low. Levels of 'healthy lifestyle' varied greatly among those populations with different socio-demographic characteristics across the ten areas in China.
Adult ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; China ; Female ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors