The development of organ transplantation has brought new hope to many patients with organ failure and their families， but it has also raised numerous ethical issues. How to balance the rights and interests between organ donors and recipients， as well as ensure the fairness and transparency of the transplantation process has become an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the latest Regulations on Organ Donation and Transplantation and the Working Rules of the Ethics Committee for Human Organ Transplantation， the current difficulties and challenges in organ transplantation ethics were deeply analyzed. Taking the ethical review practice of Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital as an example， this paper explored issues such as full informed consent of both donors and recipients， risk assessment of marginal donors， and the review of relationships between donors and recipients. It also explored and constructed a set of complete ethical review models for organ transplantation through refined management. This model improved the efficiency and quality of ethical review as well as enriched the related knowledge system. It is expected that the implementation of this model can provide a reference for promoting effective ethical review nationwide， advancing the improvement and development of ethical review work in organ transplantation. Meanwhile， more medical ethics experts and practitioners are called upon to focus on and engage in the research and practice of ethical review in organ transplantation， jointly promoting progress in this field.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.002.].

Objective To investigate the effects of hyaluronic acid and proteoglycan-linked protein 1 (HAPLN1) secreted by synovial fibroblasts (FLS) on the polarization of macrophages (Mϕ) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) were differentiated into Mϕ, which were subsequently exposed to recombinant HAPLN1 (rHAPLN1). RA-FLS were transfected separately with HAPLN1 overexpression plasmid (HAPLN1^OE) or small interfering RNA targeting HAPLN1 (si-HAPLN1), and then co-cultured with Mϕ to establish a co-culture model. The viability of Mϕ was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, and the proportions of pro-inflammatory M1-type and anti-inflammatory M2-type Mϕ were analyzed by flow cytometry. Additionally, the expression levels of inflammatory markers, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Results The viability of Mϕ was increased in the rHAPLN1 group compared to the control group. Furthermore, both the M1/Mϕ ratio and inflammatory factor levels were elevated in the rHAPLN1 and HAPLN1^OE groups. In contrast, the si-HAPLN1 group exhibited a decrease in the M1/Mϕ ratio and inflammatory factor expression. Notably, the introduction of rHAPLN1 in rescue experiments further promoted Mϕ polarization towards the M1 phenotype. Conclusion HAPLN1, secreted by RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS), enhances Mϕ polarization towards the M1 phenotype.
Humans ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics* ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Fibroblasts/metabolism* ; Phenotype ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics* ; Proteoglycans/genetics* ; Synovial Membrane/cytology* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics* ; Interleukin-1beta/genetics* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics* ; Cell Differentiation ; Coculture Techniques ; THP-1 Cells

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of rs700519 and rs4646 loci of cytochrome P450 19A1 (CYP19A1) gene with risk of Breast cancer. METHODS: Two hundred patients with breast cancer treated at Xinxiang Central Hospital between January 2019 and January 2024 and 100 healthy individuals were enrolled as the study group and control group, respectively. The genotypes of the CYP19A1 gene at the rs700519 and rs4646 loci were determined by direct sequencing. The general data, distribution of CYP19A1 genotypes and alleles were compared between the two groups. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Xinxiang Central Hospital (Ethics No. 2021-182). RESULTS: No significant difference was found in age, body mass index, times of conception and proportion of menopause between the two groups (P > 0.05). The frequencies of AA genotype and A allele at the rs700519 locus, and the CC genotype and C allele at the rs4646 locus in the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The frequencies of AA genotype at the rs700519 locus and CC genotype at the rs4646 locus in patients with breast cancer at stages III-IV were significantly higher than those at stage I-II (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Polymorphisms of CYP19A1 gene at the rs700519 and rs4646 loci are associated with susceptibility of breast cancer. The AA and CC genotypes at the two loci may increase the risk for breast cancer.
Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; Aromatase/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics* ; Middle Aged ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Adult ; Genotype ; Case-Control Studies ; Alleles ; Gene Frequency ; Risk Factors ; Aged

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.08.005.].

This study design of specific identification primers for the ITS2 sequence of F. ussuriensis. The reaction system and conditions were optimized, and PCR-nucleic acid test strips were constructed to realize the visual detection of F. ussuriensis Bark. Through molecular cloning and sequencing technology, we constructed a positive control for F. ussuriensis DNA and formulated quality standards. The established method was evaluated for sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and the authenticity of the commercially available samples was identified. Results demonstrated that based on the ITS2 sequences, F. ussuriensis and its mixed forgeries could be distinguished. The PCR products of the authentic F. ussuriensis on test strips showed two bands in the T and C lines, while the pseudo products and negative control showed only one band in the C line, which was consistent with the results of agarose gel electrophoresis. The specificity was 100%, and the sensitivity of the PCR-nucleic acid test strip was up to 0.1 ng·μL^-1, which was 10 times higher than that of the gel electrophoresis assay. 11 out of 16 commercially available samples of F. ussuriensis were qualified, and 5 were unqualified. Collectively, the PCR-nucleic acid test strip method established in this study is specific, rapid, accurate and visualized, which can provide a new technical idea for the detection of F. ussuriensis.

Purpose::The current study aimed to assess the protective performance of helmets equipped with multi-directional impact protection system (MIPS) under various oblique impact loads.Methods::Initially, a finite element model of a bicycle helmet with MIPS was developed based on the scanned geometric parameters of an actual bicycle helmet. Subsequently, the validity of model was confirmed using the KASK WG11 oblique impact test method. Three different impact angles (30°, 45°, and 60°) and 2 varying impact speeds (5 m/s and 8 m/s) were employed in oblique tests to evaluate protective performance of MIPS in helmets, focusing on injury assessment parameters such as peak linear acceleration (PLA) and peak angular acceleration (PAA) of the head.Results::The results demonstrated that in all impact simulations, both assessment parameters were lower during impact for helmets equipped with MIPS compared to those without. The PAA was consistently lower in the MIPS helmet group, whereas the difference in PLA was not significant in the no-MIPS helmet group. For instance, at an impact velocity of 8 m/s and a 30° inclined anvil, the MIPS helmet group exhibited a PAA of 3225 rad/s 2 and a PLA of 281 g. In contrast, the no-MIPS helmet group displayed a PAA of 8243 rad/s 2 and a PLA of 292 g. Generally, both PAA and PLA parameters decreased with the increase of anvil angles. At a 60° anvil angles, PAA and PLA values were 664 rad/s 2 and 20.7 g, respectively, reaching their minimum. Conclusion::The findings indicated that helmets incorporating MIPS offer enhanced protection against various oblique impact loads. When assessing helmets for oblique impacts, the utilization of larger angle anvils and rear impacts might not adequately evaluate protective performance during an impact event. These findings will guide advancements in helmet design and the refinement of oblique impact test protocols.

Segmental bone defects and nonunion of fractures caused by trauma,infection,tumor or systemic diseases with limited osteogenesis and prolonged bone healing cycles are challenging issues in orthopedic clinical practice.Therefore,identifying regulatory factors for bone tissue regeneration and metabolism is crucial for accelerating bone repair and reconstructing defective areas.Silence information regulator 6(SIRT6),functioning as a deacetylase and nucleotide transferase,is extensively involved in the regulation of differentiation,apoptosis,metabolism,and inflammation in bone cells including osteoblasts and osteoclasts,and is considered to be an important factor in regulating bone metabolism.SIRT6 forms a complex with B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1(Blimp1),down-regulates the expression of the nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)pathway,and promotes the expression of the ERα-FasL axis signal to inhibit osteoclast formation and maturation differentiation,thereby hindering bone resorption and increasing bone mass.In addition,SIRT6 activates the Akt-mTOR pathway to regulate the autophagy level and osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,inhibits glycolysis and reactive oxygen production in osteoblasts,promotes osteoblast differentiation through the CREB/CCN1/COX2 pathway and the bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signaling pathway,enhances bone formation,and accelerates bone regeneration and repair of skeletal tissue.This article provides an overview of the research progress on SIRT6 in the pathophysiology of bone regeneration,revealing its potential as a novel therapeutic target for bone tissue repair to alleviate the progression of skeletal pathological diseases.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the common pathogens isolated from urine from 2015 to 2021 in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program.Methods The bacterial strains were isolated from urine and identified routinely in 51 hospitals across China in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer method,automatic microbiological analysis system and E-test according to the unified protocol.Results A total of 261 893 nonduplicate strains were isolated from urine specimen from 2015 to 2021,of which gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.8％(62 219/261 893),and gram-negative bacteria 76.2％(199 674/261 893).The most common species were E.coli(46.7％),E.faecium(10.4％),K.pneumoniae(9.8％),E.faecalis(8.7％),P.mirabilis(3.5％),P.aeruginosa(3.4％),SS.agalactiae(2.6％),and E.cloacae(2.1％).The strains were more frequently isolated from inpatients versus outpatients and emergency patients,from females versus males,and from adults versus children.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae and P.mirabilis was 53.2％,52.8％and 37.0％,respectively.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii was 1.7％,18.5％,16.4％,and 40.3％,respectively.Lower than 10％of the E.faecalis isolates were resistant to ampicillin,nitrofurantoin,linezolid,vancomycin,teicoplanin and fosfomycin.More than 90％of the E.faecium isolates were ressitant to ampicillin,levofloxacin and erythromycin.The percentage of strains resistant to vancomycin,linezolid or teicoplanin was＜2％.The E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains isolated from ICU inpatients showed significantly higher resistance rates than the corresponding strains isolated from outpatients and non-ICU inpatients.Conclusions E.coli,Enterococcus and K.pneumoniae are the most common pathogens in urinary tract infection.The bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance of urinary isolates vary with different populations.More attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistance surveillance and reduce the irrational use of antimicrobial agents.

Objective To understand the distribution and changing resistance profiles of clinical isolates of Enterococcus in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted for the clinical isolates of Enterococcus according to the unified protocol of CHINET program by automated systems,Kirby-Bauer method,or E-test strip.The results were interpreted according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints in 2021.WHONET 5.6 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 124 565 strains of Enterococcus were isolated during the 7-year period,mainly including Enterococcus faecalis(50.7％)and Enterococcus faecalis(41.5％).The strains were mainly isolated from urinary tract specimens(46.9％±2.6％),and primarily from the patients in the department of internal medicine,surgery and ICU.E.faecium and E.faecalis strains showed low level resistance rate to vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid(≤3.6％).The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant E.faecalis and E.faecium was 0.1％and 1.3％,respectively.The prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecalis increased from 0.7％in 2015 to 3.4％in 2021,while the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecium was 0.3％.Conclusions The clinical isolates of Enterococcus were still highly susceptible to vancomycin,teicoplanin,and linezolid,evidenced by a low resistance rate.However,the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecalis was increasing during the 7-year period.It is necessary to strengthen antimicrobial resistance surveillance to effectively identify the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and curb the spread of resistant pathogens.