A quantitative method for the analysis of the multi-component contents in Marsdenia tenacissimae was established, and the quality differences were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), factor analysis (FA) and weighted technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. The contents of chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, tenacigenoside A, tenacissoside G, tenacissoside I, tenacissoside H, drevogenin A, betulinic acid and lupeol were determined by HPLC wavelength switching method. At the same time, the contents of alcohol-soluble extract and total ash were detected. PCA, OPLS-DA and FA methods were used to identify the origin of M. tenacissimae from different producing areas. According to the OPLS-DA model, the index weight was determined to construct the weighted TOPSIS evaluation model. The qualities of M. tenacissimae from different producing areas were analyzed by model scoring results. The contents of 12 indexes in 18 batches of M. tenacissimae varied to different degrees, and the repeatability and accuracy of the test method were satisfactory. PCA analysis divided 18 batches of M. tenacissimae into three categories. OPLS-DA identified five main potential quality markers, including tenacissoside A, tenacissoside I, lupeol, tenacissoside H and chlorogenic acid. The evaluation results of FA and weighted TOPSIS method were consistent, which showed that the quality of M. tenacissimae from Yunnan and Guizhou was better. The established multi-component quantitative analysis method is accurate and reliable, the chemometrics model has strong predictive ability, and the evaluation results of FA and weighted TOPSIS method are scientific and objective. The combination of the four methods can clearly determine the qualities of M. tenacissimae from different producing areas.

Cancer remains a leading cause of global mortality, necessitating the development of advanced therapeutic strategies with enhanced efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity. Among promising bioactive agents, lactoferrin (LF)—a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein abundantly found in mammalian milk and exocrine secretions—has garnered significant interest for its potent and multifaceted anti-cancer properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of LF’s role in oncology, encompassing its structural biology, diverse mechanisms of action, and groundbreaking advancements in its application through nano-engineering. LF exerts anti-tumor effects through multiple pathways, including extracellular action, intracellular action, and immune regulation. It demonstrates a remarkable affinity for cancer cell membranes, binding to overexpressed anionic components such as glycosaminoglycans and sialic acids, as well as to specific receptors including the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1). This selective binding facilitates targeted uptake. Upon internalization, LF orchestrates a direct assault by inducing cell-cycle arrest in phases such as G0/G1 or S phase through the modulation of key regulators including cyclins, CDKs, and p53. Furthermore, it promotes programmed cell death via apoptotic pathways, involving caspase activation and downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as survivin. A more recently elucidated mechanism is the induction of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by overwhelming lipid peroxidation. Beyond direct cytotoxicity, LF acts as a potent immunomodulator. It enhances natural killer (NK) cell activity, modulates T-lymphocyte populations, and crucially reprograms tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from a pro-tumor M2 state to an anti-tumor M1 state, thereby reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The translation of LF’s potential has been significantly accelerated by nanotechnology. The inherent biocompatibility and natural tumor-targeting capabilities of LF make it an ideal platform for sophisticated drug-delivery systems. This review details various fabrication strategies for LF-based nanoparticles (NPs), including self-assembly, sol-in-oil emulsion, and electrostatic nanocomplexes, among others. Research demonstrates that nano-formulations not only protect LF from degradation but also enhance its bioactivity and anti-cancer potency. More importantly, LF NPs serve as versatile carriers for a wide array of therapeutic agents, including conventional chemotherapeutics, natural compounds, and imaging agents. These engineered systems enable synergistic therapy and facilitate site-specific delivery. Notably, the ability of LF to bind to receptors on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been leveraged to develop nano-systems for glioblastoma treatment. Other innovative designs utilize LF to modulate the TME—for instance, by alleviating tumor hypoxia to sensitize cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite compelling pre-clinical evidence, the clinical translation of LF and its nano-formulations remains nascent. While early-phase trials have established a favorable safety profile for recombinant human LF, larger Phase III studies have yielded mixed results, underscoring the complexity of its action in humans. Key challenges include enhancing drug targeting, optimizing loading efficiency, ensuring batch-to-batch reproducibility, and achieving deep tumor penetration. Future research must focus on the rational design of next-generation LF-NPs. This entails developing standardized manufacturing protocols, engineering “smart” stimuli-responsive systems for targeted drug release in the TME, and constructing multi-targeting platforms. A concerted interdisciplinary effort is paramount to bridge the gap between bench and bedside. In conclusion, LF, particularly in its nano-engineered forms, represents a highly promising and versatile agent in the oncological arsenal, holding immense potential for precise and effective cancer therapy.

Cancer remains a leading cause of global mortality, necessitating the development of advanced therapeutic strategies with enhanced efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity. Among promising bioactive agents, lactoferrin (LF)—a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein abundantly found in mammalian milk and exocrine secretions—has garnered significant interest for its potent and multifaceted anti-cancer properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of LF’s role in oncology, encompassing its structural biology, diverse mechanisms of action, and groundbreaking advancements in its application through nano-engineering. LF exerts anti-tumor effects through multiple pathways, including extracellular action, intracellular action, and immune regulation. It demonstrates a remarkable affinity for cancer cell membranes, binding to overexpressed anionic components such as glycosaminoglycans and sialic acids, as well as to specific receptors including the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1). This selective binding facilitates targeted uptake. Upon internalization, LF orchestrates a direct assault by inducing cell-cycle arrest in phases such as G0/G1 or S phase through the modulation of key regulators including cyclins, CDKs, and p53. Furthermore, it promotes programmed cell death via apoptotic pathways, involving caspase activation and downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as survivin. A more recently elucidated mechanism is the induction of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by overwhelming lipid peroxidation. Beyond direct cytotoxicity, LF acts as a potent immunomodulator. It enhances natural killer (NK) cell activity, modulates T-lymphocyte populations, and crucially reprograms tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from a pro-tumor M2 state to an anti-tumor M1 state, thereby reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The translation of LF’s potential has been significantly accelerated by nanotechnology. The inherent biocompatibility and natural tumor-targeting capabilities of LF make it an ideal platform for sophisticated drug-delivery systems. This review details various fabrication strategies for LF-based nanoparticles (NPs), including self-assembly, sol-in-oil emulsion, and electrostatic nanocomplexes, among others. Research demonstrates that nano-formulations not only protect LF from degradation but also enhance its bioactivity and anti-cancer potency. More importantly, LF NPs serve as versatile carriers for a wide array of therapeutic agents, including conventional chemotherapeutics, natural compounds, and imaging agents. These engineered systems enable synergistic therapy and facilitate site-specific delivery. Notably, the ability of LF to bind to receptors on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been leveraged to develop nano-systems for glioblastoma treatment. Other innovative designs utilize LF to modulate the TME—for instance, by alleviating tumor hypoxia to sensitize cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite compelling pre-clinical evidence, the clinical translation of LF and its nano-formulations remains nascent. While early-phase trials have established a favorable safety profile for recombinant human LF, larger Phase III studies have yielded mixed results, underscoring the complexity of its action in humans. Key challenges include enhancing drug targeting, optimizing loading efficiency, ensuring batch-to-batch reproducibility, and achieving deep tumor penetration. Future research must focus on the rational design of next-generation LF-NPs. This entails developing standardized manufacturing protocols, engineering “smart” stimuli-responsive systems for targeted drug release in the TME, and constructing multi-targeting platforms. A concerted interdisciplinary effort is paramount to bridge the gap between bench and bedside. In conclusion, LF, particularly in its nano-engineered forms, represents a highly promising and versatile agent in the oncological arsenal, holding immense potential for precise and effective cancer therapy.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the 21 confirmed monkeypox cases in a district of Chengdu City, and to provide scientific guidance for the prevention and control of subsequent monkeypox epidemics. MethodsData of confirmed monkeypox cases residing in this district were collected from the Disease Control and Prevention Information System of China. A retrospective descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the demographic, distributional and behavioral characteristics of the cases. ResultsThe first confirmed case of monkeypox was reported on July 5, 2023. Up to April 30, 2025, a total of 21 confirmed cases of monkeypox have been reported. All cases were male, with a mean age of (30.9±6.2) years. The highest proportion of cases(47.62%) was in the 30‒40 years age group. The majority were men who have sex with men (MSM) population (90.48%, 19/21). The results showed that 19.05% of cases were co-infected with HIV, and 19.05% had a history of syphilis infection. Within 21 days prior to symptom onset, 19 cases (90.48%) self-reported engaging in male-to-male sexual contact, among whom 10 cases (52.63%) reported having taken protective measures, while 9 cases (47.37%) did not take safety precautions. Thirteen cases (61.90%) had no travel history to areas with reported monkeypox cases during the 21 days before symptom onset. The predominant manifestation was exanthem (100%, 21/21), followed by fever (57.14%, 12/21) and lymphadenectasis (47.62%, 10/21). Among febrile cases, 50.00% (6/12) had low-grade fever (37.3‒38.0 ℃). All cases were identified through active medical consultation. The median interval from symptom onset to the first medical visit was 3 (2, 6) days, with a maximum interval of 14 days. The median interval from symptom onset to laboratory confirmation was 7 (5, 9) days. Six cases (28.57%) had two or more visits to the hospital, with bacterial infection being the primary initial diagnosis. ConclusionMonkeypox prevention and control efforts in a district of Chengdu City should prioritize MSM population and young and middle-aged adults aged 30 to <40 years. It is recommended to establish an integrated monkeypox epidemic prevention and control network by leveraging existing HIV/AIDS prevention and control network. Concurrently, accelerating the deployment of the national intelligent infectious disease monitoring and early warning front-end software will strengthen early detection capabilities and be beneficial for the overall effectiveness of epidemic prevention and control efforts.

Based on plasma lipidomics combined with machine learning approaches, this study aimed to screen molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer in elderly patients and to evaluate their diagnostic performance.

ObjectiveTo investigate the physical fitness status and associated factors among preschool children aged 3 to 6 years in Tongzhou District of Beijing, and to provide evidence for promoting physical development in this population. MethodsBased on the 2020 National Physical Fitness Surveillance data for Tongzhou District of Beijing, a total of 416 children were included for standardized physical tests, including morphological, physiological, and fitness indicators, and questionnaire surveys. Independent sample t-tests and ANOVA were used to compare differences in physical indicators across groups, while multivariate linear regression models were applied to analyze influencing factors. ResultsThe comprehensive fitness score of children aged 3 to 6 years old in Tongzhou District of Beijing was (79.98±6.97) points, with an overall physical fitness pass rate of 99.52%. The proportions of excellent, good, and pass grades were 37.50%, 39.90%, and 22.12%, respectively. The average heights for the 3-years-old, 4-years-old, 5-years-old, and 6-years-old groups in Tongzhou District were (102.13±4.24) cm, (107.92±4.66) cm, (115.43±4.70) cm, and (119.16±4.33) cm, respectively. The corresponding average body weights were (16.63±2.46) kg, (18.66±2.54) kg, (21.60±4.02) kg, and (23.46±4.64) kg, respectively. Among children aged 3 to 6 years, the average BMI was (15.95±1.79) kg‧m^-2, body fat percentage was (21.92±4.77)%, resting pulse rate was (95.24±9.70) beats per minute, grip strength was (5.74±2.07) kg, standing long jump distance was (78.12±19.95) cm, sit-and-reach flexibility was (12.25±4.65) cm, continuous two-foot jump time was (6.29±2.55) seconds, 15-meter obstacle shuttle run time was (7.94±1.30) seconds, and balance beam walking time was (5.11±2.25) seconds. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that higher composite fitness scores were significantly positively associated with female gender (b=1.72, 95%CI: 0.42-3.01), aged 4 years old and above (b=2.97, 95%CI: 1.35-4.59), mixed feeding (b=4.16, 95%CI: 1.60-6.72) or breastfeeding (b=3.23, 95%CI: 0.36-6.10) during infancy, taller paternal (b=0.16, 95%CI: 0.02-0.30) and maternal (b=0.25, 95%CI: 0.11-0.39) height (all P<0.05). ConclusionThe physical fitness of children aged 3 to 6 years in Tongzhou District of Beijing is generally favorable, with gender, age, feeding patterns, and genetic factors identified as key correlating factors. Comprehensive strategies are recommended to improve early childhood physical health.

Objective To quantitatively evaluate structural changes in the TMD disc using magnetic resonance T2 mapping technology at open and closed mouth positions,and assess its significance.Methods 127 newly diagnosed patients with TMD and 51 controls in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University from June 2023 to January 2024 were prospectively collected.All subjects underwent routine TMJ sequence and T2 mapping sequence scans.After scanning,the pseudo-color images were processed,and T2 values of the joint disc(anterior and posterior bands)were measured at open and closed mouth positions to analyze their correlation with TMD disc displacement.Results The T2 values of the posterior zone of the joint disc in both open and closed positions were higher than those in the anterior zone of the joint disc in the case group(P<0.05);for different anterior displacement degrees of the joint disc,T2 values showed a progressive increase from the normal position group to the mild and moderate anterior displacement groups,while the severely displaced group demonstrated a decreasing trend(P<0.01);joint clicking and occlusal abnormalities were independent risk factors for non-reducible anterior joint disc displacement in TMD patients.Conclusion Scans during both mouth-opening and closing positions can be used to assess joint disc injury in TMD;T2 mapping technology can quantitatively and sensitively reflect changes in the biochemical composition of joint disc microstructure.

By using a strategy of leveraging the ability of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)materials to precisely regulate the spatial orientation of cyclodextrins(CD),a polystyrene-modified γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks(PS-CD-MOFs)capillary coating was established and applied to the chiral separation of amino acids in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography(OT-CEC)based on the excellent film-forming property of polystyrene(PS).Characterization results by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)indicated that PS was successfully grafted onto the surface of CD-MOFs.The modification significantly improved the structural stability and thermal stability of CD-MOFs while maintaining the integrity of the MOFs.The PS-CD-MOFs coated capillary electrophoresis system exhibited excellent performance in separating dansylated amino acid enantiomers(Dns-D,L-AAs).Specifically,under the optimal separation conditions(Sodium dodecyl sulfate/boric acid buffer system,20 cm capillary,and 10 kV effective voltage),good separation was achieved for D,L-methionine(D,L-Met)and D,L-serine(D,L-Ser).Further quantitative analysis showed that Dns-D,L-Met presented a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 10.0-1500.0 μmol/L,with a correlation coefficient close to 0.998,demonstrating high sensitivity and repeatability.Not only did it overcome the problem that traditional CD(used as additives in capillary electrophoresis)could not precisely control the spatial orientation of chiral resolvents,but also it solved the issues of insufficient stability and bonding amount of CD-MOFs coatings by utilizing the excellent film-forming property of polymers on the inner wall of capillaries.This study provided an efficient and controllable new strategy for construction of chiral separation stationary phases.

Objective:To investigate the differences in clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of neonatal sepsis（NS）caused by different Gram-staining pathogens.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on confirmed NS cases admitted to the Neonatal Ward of the Pediatric Department at The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University，from June 1，2014，to May 31，2024.Patients were divided into Gram-positive and Gram-negative groups based on blood or cerebrospinal fluid（CSF）culture results.Clinical characteristics，pathogen distribution，and antibiotic resistance were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 98 cases were included，with 81 in the Gram-positive group and 17 in the Gram-negative group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that NS cases with a high neutrophil percentage（ OR=0.933，95% CI：0.899-0.969）or hemorrhagic symptoms/signs（ OR=0.059，95% CI：0.008-0.458）were less likely to have Gram-positive pathogens detected in blood or CSF cultures（ P<0.05）.Common Gram-positive pathogens included Staphylococcus epidermidis with 35 strains（33.65%）and Staphylococcus hominis with 22 strains（21.15%）.The predominant Gram-negative pathogen was Escherichia coli with 14 strains（13.46%）.Gram-positive pathogens exhibited high resistance to oxacillin（91.30%），erythromycin（90.91%），and penicillin G（90.00%），but low resistance to tigecycline（0），linezolid（0），and vancomycin（0）.Gram-negative pathogens showed high resistance to ampicillin（92.31%），cefazolin（90.00%），and ampicillin/sulbactam（75.00%），but low resistance to amikacin（6.25%），latamoxef（0），and ertapenem（0）.The incidence of concurrent purulent meningitis was lower in the Gram-positive group than in the Gram-negative group（9.88% vs.47.06%， χ2=11.628， P<0.05），and there was significant difference. Conclusion:NS cases with high neutrophil percentages or hemorrhagic symptoms/signs are less likely to be caused by Gram-positive pathogens.Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis are common Gram-positive pathogens，while Escherichia coli is the predominant Gram-negative pathogen in NS.Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens exhibit resistance to specific antibiotics.NS caused by Gram-positive pathogens is less likely to be complicated by purulent meningitis compared to those caused by Gram-negative pathogens.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum galectin-3(Gal-3),fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF-21)and the lung function and and the Modified British Medical Research Council dyspnea in-dex(mMRC)score in invalids with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods A total of 79 patients with COPD who received treatment in the hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 were selected as the observation group,and 60 healthy individuals in the hospital during the same period were selected as control group.The expressions of Gal-3 and FGF-21 in serum were detected and compared.The first second forced ex-piratory volume(FEV1),FEV1/forced vital capacity(FVC)and mMRC score in two groups were compared,and the correlation between the expression levels of Gal-3 and FGF-21 and FEV1,FEV1/FVC and mMRC score in COPD patients was analyzed.Results The expression levels of serum Gal-3 and FGF-21 in the obser-vation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The pulmonary function indexes in ser-um of observation group were higher than those in the control group,while the mMRC score was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The expression levels of Gal-3 and FGF-21 were positively correlated with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC(P＜0.05),was negatively correlated with mMRC score(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of serum Gal-3 and FGF-21 in COPD invalids is abnormal,and the expression levels of serum Gal-3 and FGF-21 in COPD patients were correlated with FEV1,FEV1/FVC and mMRC score,which could be used as important reference indicators for diagnosis and disease evaluation of COPD.