Objective To retrieve,analyze and synthesize evidence on post-transplant diabetes mellitus(PTDM)in lung transplant patients,providing reference for clinical healthcare professionals in preventing and managing PTDM in lung transplant patients.Methods Based on the"6S"evidence model,systematic searches were conducted across guideline websites,professional associations,and Chinese/English databases regarding post-transplant diabetes mellitus(PTDM)in lung transplant patients.The search period spanned from data-base inception to January 2025.Two researchers independently completed literature screening,quality assess-ment,and evidence extraction.Results A total of 14 articles were included,comprising 1 clinical decision,2 guidelines,5 expert consensuses,2 specifications,1 evidence summary,and 3 systematic reviews.Twenty-four pieces of best evidence were synthesized from seven aspects:risk factors,diagnosis,screening,prevention,treatment,glycemic control targets,and health education.Conclusion The best evidence for preventing and managing post-transplant diabetes mellitus in lung transplant patients provides an evidence-based foundation for clinical practice among healthcare professionals.Evidence should be selected and applied according to spe-cific clinical situations and patient needs.

Objective To investigate the effects of short-term and long-term high-fructose diets on hippocampal neurometabolites and anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice,revealing the potential mechanisms of high-fructose diets in mood disorders and providing a experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.Methods C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into two groups,control group(standard diet,n=10)and experimental group(high-fructose diet,n=10).Four weeks(short-term)and eight weeks(long-term)later,each group of mice was examined for body weight and fasting blood glucose,and neurometabolites levels in the hippocampus were detected by hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS),followed by the open-field test,the forced-swimming test,and the tail-suspension test to evaluate anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors.Results High fructose diet for 4 weeks elevated glutamate levels and reduced glutathione and myo-inositol levels in mice,accompanied by shortened immobility time in the forced swim test.High fructose diet for 8 weeks not only led to abnormalities in body weight and glucose metabolism but also caused a reversal decrease in hippocampal glutamate levels and induced significant anxiety-like behaviors,and the decrease in hippocampal glutamate levels showed a significant negative correlation with the enhancement of anxiety-like behaviors.Conclusion Altered hippocampal glutamate levels may be a key contributing factor to the anxiety-like behaviors induced by long-term high-fructose diet.

The central amygdala (CeA) is a crucial modulator of emotional, behavioral, and autonomic functions, including cardiovascular responses. Despite its importance, the specific circuit by which the CeA modulates blood pressure remains insufficiently explored. Our investigations demonstrate that photostimulation of GABAergic neurons in the centromedial amygdala (CeM^GABA), as opposed to those in the centrolateral amygdala (CeL), produces a depressor response in both anesthetized and freely-moving mice. In addition, activation of CeM^GABA axonal terminals projecting to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) significantly reduces blood pressure. These CeM^GABA neurons form synaptic connections with NTS neurons, allowing for the modulation of cardiovascular responses by influencing the caudal or rostral ventrolateral medulla. Furthermore, CeM^GABA neurons targeting the NTS receive dense inputs from the CeL. Consequently, stimulation of CeM^GABA neurons elicits hypotension through the CeM-NTS circuit, offering deeper insights into the cardiovascular responses associated with emotions and behaviors.
Animals ; GABAergic Neurons/physiology* ; Male ; Central Amygdaloid Nucleus/physiopathology* ; Hypotension/physiopathology* ; Mice ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Solitary Nucleus/physiology* ; Photic Stimulation ; Neural Pathways/physiology*

Peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM. Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health. Currently, several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM. However, the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques, variations in clinical scenarios, and anatomical differences. Therefore, clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed. This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery. It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing, planning, and executing PIKM augmentation procedures, with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Mouth Mucosa/surgery* ; Keratins

Objective To design a performance testing platform to evaluate the working status and performance characteristics of the ventilator proportional solenoid valve.Methods The performance testing platform had its hardware including a high-pressure gas source,a pressure regulating valve,sensors and etc,and its software designed based on PyQt5 and composed of several modules for data acquisition,parameter setting,image display,indicator computation,result output and etc.Two kinds of proportional solenoid valves(Valve 1、Valve2)were selected for static and dynamic tests to verify the performance of the platform.Results The platform developed facilitated the proportional solenoid valve to carry out accurate computation of static and dynamic indicators at real time and time domain and waveform feature extraction of sensor data by precision control and data acquisition for the proportional solenoid valve.Static tests showed that Valve 1 gained advantages over Valve 2 in static flow characteristics involving in lowered repeatability,return error and offset while enhanced stability;dynamic tests indicated Valve 2 had rapid flow variations and significant flow fluctuation impacts,Valve 1 showed smooth dynamic response changes,and Valve 2 behaved better than Valve 1 in dynamic performance.Conclusion The testing platform developed comprehensively demonstrates the performance characteristics and working performance of the ventilator proportional solenoid valve,which is of great significance to enhance the reliability and safety of the ventilator.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(1):13-19]

Carbon dioxide(CO2),a colorless,odorless,low-density negative contrast agent with no nephrotoxicity or allergic reactions,has seen increasingly widespread application in the field of vascular imaging in recent years,particularly in patients with iodine allergy or renal insufficiency.When combined with digital subtraction angiography,CO2 angiography has demonstrated high-quality imaging in various arterial and venous sites such as the abdominal aorta,renal arteries,iliac arteries,lower limb arteries,and inferior vena cava.It has also shown safety and efficacy in clinical scenarios such as peripheral arterial disease,dialysis access evaluation,and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedures.This review systematically summarizes domestic and international research progress on CO2 angiography,outlines its physicochemical properties,injection dosages and parameters,clinical indications,and imaging characteristics,and compares its image quality with that of iodine-based contrast agents.Common complications,their mechanisms,and preventive measures are also discussed.Although the image quality of CO2 is slightly inferior to that of iodine agents,it remains sufficient for most diagnostic and therapeutic needs,with a low overall incidence of mainly mild and transient adverse effects.With the development of automated injection systems and digital variance angiography technology,CO2 imaging quality is expected to continue improving,and its application scope is likely to expand further.Future efforts should focus on strengthening multicenter clinical research and establishing standardized operational protocols to promote the broader adoption and regulated use of this technology.

Objective To design an intelligent airborne soldier physical training system based on human body composition analysis to solve the problems in diversity of training mode,targeted training plan and high incidence of military training-related injuries.Methods The intelligent airborne military physical training system was designed with B/S architecture and developed with Python language,which was composed of four functional modules for airborne soldier information acquisition,trainee physical fitness state assessment,physical fitness training program recommendation and airborne soldier physical fitness training program evaluation.The airborne soldier information acquisition module collected and analyzed the trainee physiological parameter information with a human body composition analyzer,clarified the parameter characteristics related to physical training with considerations on military physical training requirements and constructed a trainee physical fitness assessment parameter model;the trainee physical fitness state assessment module established an evaluation model based on machine learning to realize stage-by-stage physical fitness evaluation for airborne soldiers;the physical fitness training program recommendation module was constructed based on the physical training feature similarity algorithm and graph embedding theory to provide decision making assistance for program development of airborne military physical training;the airborne soldier physical fitness training program evaluation module compared the physical fitness and evaluation results before and after training by means of list and chart,and updated the training program based on the evaluation results by calling the physical training program recommendation module.Results The intelligent airborne soldier physical training system contributed to forming an individualized physical fitness training recommendation mechanism after trainee body evaluation,modifying training program based on comparison and feedback for stage-by-stage training evaluation,so as to decrease the incidence of military training-related injuries while increasing the training efficiency.Conclusion The system developed improves airborne soldier physical training in rationality and reliability,and provides references for intelligent military training of the PLA.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):16-23]

Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of end-stage renal diseases.In DN patients,key pathological mechanisms include proteinuria,glomerulo-sclerosis,and fibrosis,largely driven by poor glycemic control and oxidative stress caused by prolonged hyperglycemia.This stress damages renal podocytes and triggers inflammatory mesenchymal infiltration of renal tubular cells,exacerbating the progression of proteinuria and fibrosis.Human umbilical cord-de-rived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)offer promising potential for treating DN due to their strong anti-oxidative properties.In this study,we developed a DN mouse model and treated the mouse via tail vein injections of hUC-MSCs(1×106 cells/mouse).The results indicated that hUC-MSCs significantly lowered fasting blood glucose levels(22.5±3.0 vs 14.7±1.1,P＜0.01)and improved glucose toler-ance,as shown by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT)results(P＜0.05).Additionally,the renal function improved in hUC-MSCs-treated mice,with marked reductions in oxidative stress markers,including blood urea nitrogen(BUN),urinary creatinine(Ucr),urinary protein(PRO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)(P＜0.05).Histological analyses through hematoxy-lin-eosin(H&E),Periodic Acid-Schiff(PAS),and Sirius red staining demonstrated alleviation of glo-merular mesangial hyperplasia,glomerular hypertrophy,and tubular inflammation.Furthermore,hUC-MSCs treatment downregulated the expression of oxidative stress-related proteins,such as NADPH oxi-dase 4(NOX4)and thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP),and reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)production(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,human renal cortical proximal tubule epithelial cells(HK-2 cells)were selected for validation in vitro experiments using high glucose treatment followed by super-natants of hUC-MSCs(MSC-CM),and Western blotting showed that the expression of both NOX4 and TXNIP was inhibited(P＜0.05)and ROS expression was reduced.In conclusion,hUC-MSC treatment effectively lowered blood glucose levels and improved renal function in DN mice,likely through the sup-pression of NOX4 expression and TXNIP-mediated oxidative stress.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that affects the vision of elderly individuals worldwide. Although current therapeutics have shown effectiveness against AMD, some patients may remain unresponsive and continue to experience disease progression. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of the mechanism underlying AMD pathogenesis is urgently required to identify potential drug targets for AMD treatment. Recently, studies have suggested that dysfunction of mitochondria can lead to the aggregation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) innate immunity pathways, ultimately resulting in sterile inflammation and cell death in various cells, such as cardiomyocytes and macrophages. Therefore, combining strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory mediators may hold great potential in facilitating AMD management. Notably, emerging evidence indicates that natural products targeting mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and the cGAS/STING innate immunity pathways exhibit promise in treating AMD. Here, we summarize phytochemicals that could directly or indirectly influence the MQC and the cGAS/STING innate immunity pathways, as well as their interconnected mediators, which have the potential to mitigate oxidative stress and suppress excessive inflammatory responses, thereby hoping to offer new insights into therapeutic interventions for AMD treatment.