Effective and safe contraception is crucial for women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) to prevent unintended pregnancy, mother-to-child transmission, disease progression and psychological impact. Anti-retroviral treatments (ART) are known to have many drug-drug interactions, causing a dilemma among physicians in choosing the most suitable contraception for women living with HIV (WLHIV). One of the suitable choices is the long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC), such as contraceptive implants, but this method is not without issues. This case illustrates an Implanon failure that led to an unintended pregnancy in an HIV-positive woman on anti-retroviral treatment and suffered from depression. Contraceptive implant failure has been reported in co-administration with Efavirenz-based anti-retroviral therapy, with studies demonstrating a decline in serum concentrations of etonogestrel and levonorgestrel.

Rare Occurrence of Paratesticular Rhabdomyosarcoma in Adulthood: A Case Report Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant tumour that primarily affects pediatric patients but is uncommon in adults. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent metastasis and improve prognosis. A 28-year-old male was presented with a painless right scrotal swelling. Physical examination revealed a palpable mass in the right scrotal region, raising suspicion of a malignant tumour. Ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic mass originating from the right epididymis. The patient underwent a high inguinal orchidectomy, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. Staging computed tomography revealed no evidence of metastasis. The patient received chemotherapy based on risk stratification. Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma carries a poor prognosis in advanced stages, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment and the role of adjuvant therapy in adults is not well established. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of this rare malignancy can aid in improved management and outcomes

Appendicitis or Not Appendicitis: A Case Report of Acute Appendicitis Complicated with Disseminated MSSA and Iliopsoas Abscess This case report describes a 17-year-old female with acute appendicitis complicated by Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA) bacteremia and an iliopsoas abscess. Initially presenting with right iliac fossa pain and fever, she was diagnosed with acute appendicitis and underwent appendectomy. Postoperatively, she developed persistent fever and hip pain. Imaging revealed an abscess in the right iliacus muscle, which was drained percutaneously. MSSA was identified in the abscess culture. The patient recovered with targeted antibiotics. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and importance of considering secondary infections in postoperative patients with atypical symptoms. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential for positive outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic activity of the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Curcuma mangga rhizomes against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT29). Methods: The cytotoxic activity of the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Curcuma mangga rhizomes against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT29) was determined by using the SRB assay. Results: The ethyl acetate extract showed a higher cytotoxic effect compared to the hexane extract. Morphological changes of the HT29 cells such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbling and formation of apoptotic bodies while changes in nuclear morphology like chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation were observed. Further evidence of apoptosis in HT29 cells was further supported by the externalization of phosphatidylserine which indicate early sign of apoptosis. Conclusions: The early sign of apoptosis is consistent with the cell cycle arrest at the G

seconds ; MALAYSIAN ; Prevalence aspects ; Tooth ; Tetracyclines