Introduction: Discharge planning is an important part of the nursing process because it can assist patients and families in preparing for future care at home. Discharge planning that begins from the outset can shorten the length of stay of patients in the hospital, reduce readmission following hospitalization, and arrange for patient discharge on time. Several factors influence the implementation of discharge planning. It is intended that by understanding all the factors that influence discharge planning, the implementation of discharge planning may be optimized. The study aims to determine the factors associated with the implementation of discharge planning in one of the private hospitals in Purwakarta. Materials and methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design with total population sampling. Nurses' knowledge, motivation, education level, and work length were all studied. The study involved 162 inpatient room nurses and critical care rooms. The instrument was an online questionnaire that had been validated and reliable. This study has been ethically approved. Results: Most respondents have a bachelor’s degree (74%), work experience ≤5 years (61%), good motivation (86.4%), sufficient knowledge (64.8%), and good discharge planning implementation (91.4%). The findings revealed a relationship between nurse motivation and discharge planning implementation; however, knowledge, education level, and nurses' work length were unrelated to the implementation. Conclusion: Nurse motivation is critical for successful hospital discharge planning implementation. Hospitals can boost nurse motivation in discharge planning implementation by mentoring, monitoring, and rewarding nurses who perform well.

Background: Digestive system diseases pose a significant global health challenge. In many developing countries, inappropriate antibiotic use is common, and the COVID-19 pandemic further disrupted standard antibiotic prescribing practices. This study evaluated antibiotic prescribing patterns for digestive system diseases in a major Indonesian hospital during 2021. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational analysis of antibiotic prescriptions for 47,698 inpatients with digestive system diseases at Cilacap Government Teaching Hospital, Indonesia, throughout 2021. Data were extracted from electronic medical records and analyzed based on patient demographics, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision classifications, World Health Organization Access, Watch, and Reserve categories, and routes of administration. Statistical analyses and visualizations were performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft) and R Studio (Posit). Results: Among 2,183 patients diagnosed with digestive system diseases, the majority were active adults, with a predominance of male patients. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics belonged to the “Watch” group. Acute appendicitis (n = 416), inguinal hernia (n = 250), and functional dyspepsia (n = 169) were the leading diagnoses. Antibiotic administration was more prevalent among females for these conditions, despite higher overall antibiotic use for digestive system diseases among males. Cases peaked at 319 in December and dropped to 65 in July. The dry season months recorded fewer cases (July: 65, August: 129). The most prescribed antibiotics were ceftriaxone (n = 638), metronidazole (n = 486), and cefazolin (n = 216), indicating a predominant use of broad-spectrum agents. Conclusion The study reveals a high reliance on broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly those in the “Watch” group, suggesting potential overuse.These findings underscore the need for improved antibiotic stewardship practices, especially in regions facing the compounded challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Digestive system diseases pose a significant global health challenge. In many developing countries, inappropriate antibiotic use is common, and the COVID-19 pandemic further disrupted standard antibiotic prescribing practices. This study evaluated antibiotic prescribing patterns for digestive system diseases in a major Indonesian hospital during 2021. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational analysis of antibiotic prescriptions for 47,698 inpatients with digestive system diseases at Cilacap Government Teaching Hospital, Indonesia, throughout 2021. Data were extracted from electronic medical records and analyzed based on patient demographics, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision classifications, World Health Organization Access, Watch, and Reserve categories, and routes of administration. Statistical analyses and visualizations were performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft) and R Studio (Posit). Results: Among 2,183 patients diagnosed with digestive system diseases, the majority were active adults, with a predominance of male patients. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics belonged to the “Watch” group. Acute appendicitis (n = 416), inguinal hernia (n = 250), and functional dyspepsia (n = 169) were the leading diagnoses. Antibiotic administration was more prevalent among females for these conditions, despite higher overall antibiotic use for digestive system diseases among males. Cases peaked at 319 in December and dropped to 65 in July. The dry season months recorded fewer cases (July: 65, August: 129). The most prescribed antibiotics were ceftriaxone (n = 638), metronidazole (n = 486), and cefazolin (n = 216), indicating a predominant use of broad-spectrum agents. Conclusion The study reveals a high reliance on broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly those in the “Watch” group, suggesting potential overuse.These findings underscore the need for improved antibiotic stewardship practices, especially in regions facing the compounded challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Digestive system diseases pose a significant global health challenge. In many developing countries, inappropriate antibiotic use is common, and the COVID-19 pandemic further disrupted standard antibiotic prescribing practices. This study evaluated antibiotic prescribing patterns for digestive system diseases in a major Indonesian hospital during 2021. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational analysis of antibiotic prescriptions for 47,698 inpatients with digestive system diseases at Cilacap Government Teaching Hospital, Indonesia, throughout 2021. Data were extracted from electronic medical records and analyzed based on patient demographics, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision classifications, World Health Organization Access, Watch, and Reserve categories, and routes of administration. Statistical analyses and visualizations were performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft) and R Studio (Posit). Results: Among 2,183 patients diagnosed with digestive system diseases, the majority were active adults, with a predominance of male patients. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics belonged to the “Watch” group. Acute appendicitis (n = 416), inguinal hernia (n = 250), and functional dyspepsia (n = 169) were the leading diagnoses. Antibiotic administration was more prevalent among females for these conditions, despite higher overall antibiotic use for digestive system diseases among males. Cases peaked at 319 in December and dropped to 65 in July. The dry season months recorded fewer cases (July: 65, August: 129). The most prescribed antibiotics were ceftriaxone (n = 638), metronidazole (n = 486), and cefazolin (n = 216), indicating a predominant use of broad-spectrum agents. Conclusion The study reveals a high reliance on broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly those in the “Watch” group, suggesting potential overuse.These findings underscore the need for improved antibiotic stewardship practices, especially in regions facing the compounded challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: There has been an increasing awareness of the effects of combining bromocriptine-QR with other medications for diabetes mellitus type 2. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of bromocriptine-QR as an adjunctive therapy for patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: This systematic review is registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022360326). Literature search was done via MEDLINE, NCBI, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Europe PMC and Cochrane Library databases. We included randomized controlled trials with participants 18 years old and above with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. The primary outcome of interest is the efficacy and safety of bromocriptine-QR as an adjunctive therapy for glycemic control. Case reports, case series, reviews and animal studies were excluded. The risk of bias was reviewed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and presented as a weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval for changes from the baseline level. Results: Nine studies were included in the systematic review with a total of 2709 participants. The baseline HbA1c in the bromocriptine-QR group was 7.42% and 7.51% in the control group. The bromocriptine-QR group was favoured, outperforming the control group in terms of reducing hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), with a statistically significant difference (weighted mean difference -0.6%; 95% CI [-0.83,-0.36]; p<0.00001). The most common side effects were nausea (33.75% vs 6.92%), fatigue (13.11% vs 5.94%), and headache (11.17% vs 6.87%). Conclusion Administration of bromocriptine-QR at a dose range of 1.6 to 4.8 mg/day as an adjunctive therapy reduced HbA1c and FBG in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there were also statistically greater odds of the occurrence of adverse events such as nausea, vomiting, and headache compared to controls.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

The effect of omega-3 supplementation on cardiovascular (CV) disease has been widely studied in several large clinical trials. However, the evidence of the effect of omega-3 supplementation in patients with heart failure (HF) remains controversial. This meta-analysis investigated the effects of omega-3 supplementation on patients with HF. We conducted a literature search on MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases for clinical trials and preprints of relevant articles. Following a literature search and critical appraisal, 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooling of the result of the studies shows that there were no significant association between omega-3 supplementation and CV mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84–1.05, p=0.16) nor hospitalization due to HF (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88–1.02; p=0.13). Our systematic review and meta-analysis showed that omega-3 supplementation has no beneficial effect in patients with HF.