The etiology of tumors is complex and influenced by multiple factors, including the host and environmental conditions. Allergy is primarily driven by the immune response of helper T cell 2 (Th2). Research has shown that the Th2 immune response is closely related to tumors, which is specifically manifested through Th2 antibodies, allergy-related effector cells and mediators within the tumors, as well as tumor immune-related functions. This internal interaction mechanism will increase the complexity and challenges associated with the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors and allergy. The formation of allergic constitution is shaped by both congenital and acquired factors, and its physical state is closely linked to the occurrence and progression of allergic diseases. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the relationship between tumors and allergic reactions from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution theory. Based on the four basic principles of the TCM constitution, including endowment inheritance theory, environment constraint theory, body-spirit composition theory, and life process theory, this exploration will focus on four aspects: genetic factors and internal disease causes, inflammatory environments and functional regulation, psychological disorders and emotional pathogenesis, as well as age structure and disease risk. Furthermore, from the perspective of constitution-disease relation of chronic disease prevention, this paper will discuss the significant importance of adjusting allergic constitution to improve both subjective symptoms and objective indicators of allergic reactions in tumor patients.

Objective To analyze and evaluate the hospital bed efficiency and development trend of 54 tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2020 and to provide a reference for improving efficiency in the use of hospital beds and rationally allocating medical and health resources.Methods Based on the panel data of 54 tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2020,three indicators of bed utilization rate,bed turnover times and the average length of stay of patients were selected to describe the differences of bed use efficiency in each category by using variance analysis and to evaluate the bed use efficiency in tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province.Results The results of the study show that the bed utilization rate of tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province decreased from 2013 to 2020,but it is still higher than the national average level.The results of variance analysis showed that in 2019,the overall bed utilization rate of 54 third-level public hospitals reached 95.9%,which was overloaded.The number of bed turnover and the average day of hospitalization were improved,but there were significant differences in bed use efficiency among hospitals with different bed size and institutional attributes(P＜0.05).Conclusion Shandong Province should strengthen the rational allocation of medical resources,improve the level of hospital management,formulate relevant policies to promote the rational use of hospital bed resources,and further improve hospital bed efficiency.

Objective·To develope an auditory brainstem implant(ABI)vocoder based on cochlear implant(CI)vocoder characteristics and ABI electrode array topology,and to verify its reliability.Methods·An"n-of-m"coding strategy CI/ABI vocoder was constructed based on MATLAB.Within each frame,only the envelopes of the n channels with the highest energy were selected.The interaction coefficient(IC)(range:1?3),channel numbers(range:5?22),and electrode array topology(CI/ABI)were adjustable parameters,allowing for the synthesis of simulated speech.Psychoacoustic evaluation was employed,recruiting normal hearing subjects to perform closed-set simulated phoneme perception.The phoneme recognition accuracy(20 vowel questions/condition,11 consonant questions/condition)was compared with the corresponding conditions of CI and ABI from reference literature to determine the IC value of the vocoder and verify its reliability.Results·The vocoder successfully synthesized all test stimuli.In the closed-set CI-simulated speech recognition,the simulated vowel and consonant recognition accuracy for IC2 and IC3 conditions showed no significant difference compared to the accuracy reported in the CI reference literature(P＞0.05).The difference in vowel and consonant accuracy between IC2 and the literature was smaller than that between IC3 and the literature(vowel|d|=1.6%vs.20%,consonant|d|=8.4%vs.9.9%),thus determining the optimal interaction coefficient of this model as 2.Subsequently,when modifying the electrode array topology to ABI,it was found that the simulated phoneme recognition accuracy for a 16-channel ABI was significantly lower than that for the 16-channel CI group,consistent with the reported literature.The simulated vowel and consonant accuracy within the 5?8 channel range for ABI showed no significant difference(P＞0.05),also aligning with the trend reported in the literature.Conclusion·A CI/ABI vocoder based on"n-of-m"coding strategy is established and the optimal IC is determined.The established ABI encoder has been evaluated for high reliability through psychoacoustic experiments.It provides suitable technical means for validating ABI-specific coding strategies.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST)is a special type of cerebrovascular disease,and the common autoimmune diseases that can cause CVST are systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome,and the combination of CVST with Sj?gren's syndrome is not common in clinical practice.The authors reported the case data of a patient with Sj?gren's syndrome combined with CVST and discussed the possible pathogenesis,treatment and prognosis,with the aim of providing some guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of this type of patient.

Objective To create a mouse model of colorectal polyps with Apc-Kras-Cre gene mutations using the tamoxifen induction method.Methods Mice with Apc-Kras-Cre mutations were divided into four groups and injected intraperitoneally with different concentrations and dosages of tamoxifen for different durations,with group 1 injected with low dosage tamoxifen(5 mg/kg)for 1 day,group 2 injected with low dosage tamoxifen(5 mg/kg)for 3 days,group 3 injected with high dosage tamoxifen(50 mg/kg)for 1 day,group 4 injected with high dosage tamoxifen(50 mg/kg)for 3 days.C57BL/6J mice were used as a healthy control group and survival and changes in body weight were observed.All mice were euthanized 4 weeks post-tamoxifen induction and the colon length and number and size of intestinal polyps were observed.Histological changes in the intestinal tissue and polyps were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results The survival rate of male mice was higher(P＜0.001)and the morbidity rate of male mice was lower compared with female mice(P＜0.05).The survival rate differed significantly among the four groups(P＜0.01).All groups showed significant changes in body weight compared with the healthy control group(P＜0.001).There were also significant differences in weight changes between tamoxifen-induced groups 1 and 2,between groups 2 and 3,and between groups 1 and 4(P＜0.001,P＜0.01,P＜0.05,respectively).There were no significant differences in colon length between any treated group and the healthy control group(P＞0.05),but colon length did differ between tamoxifen-induced groups 1 and 3(P＜0.05).Polyp size varied in each group of tamoxifen-treated mice,with most polyps occuring at the distal end of the colon,while mice in groups 3 and 4 had more and larger polyps.Histopathological examination showed intestinal polyps with uneven and misaligned glandular and epithelial arrangements,a loosely-packed intestinal mucosal barrier,and irregularly-distributed crypts in tamoxifen-induced mice compared with the healthy control group,while mice in tamoxifen-induced groups 3 and 4 showed signs of inflammation and mice in group 4 showed necrosis of cells in some regions.Conclusions Tamoxifen-induced Apc-Kras-Cre model mice were successfully established,with the group 3 induction method being the most suitable.

Objective To observe the value of MR lymphangiography(MRL)radiomics for evaluating central conducting lymphatic anomaly(CCLA).Methods Sixty-one patients with complex lymphatic anomaly,including 41 CCLA(group A),20 non-CCLA(generalized lymphatic anomaly and Gorham-Stout disease)and 20 subjects with normal thoracic duct(group B,n=38)were retrospectively enrolled.Cervical and thoracic(combined with abdominal if necessary)MRL was acquired using three-dimensional heavily T2W fast spin echo sequence.ROI was delineated along overall thoracic duct,and radiomics features were extracted.Data sets of group A and B were divided into K subsets using 5-fold cross-validation.The union of(K-1)subset was always used as training set,while the other subsets were used as validation set.Radiomics model was constructed based on support vector machine(SVM)algorithm.Receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn,the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of SVM model for assessing CCLA.Results The proportions of bifurcation,cystoid change and extension of main thoracic duct,and extension of terminal thoracic duct in group A were all higher,while of normal main and terminal thoracic duct in group A were both lower than those in group B(all P＜0.05).No significant difference of proportions of multiple thoracic ducts,dextral thoracic duct,part of thoracic duct invisible,multiple terminal thoracic ducts,cystoid change of terminal thoracic duct nor terminal thoracic duct pampiniform was found between groups(all P＞0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive,negative predictive and AUC of SVM model for evaluating CCLA in training set was 78.95％,97.56％,88.61％,96.77％,83.33％and 0.920,respectively,which in validation set was 78.95％,83.57％,82.28％,83.33％,81.40％and 0.833,respectively.Conclusion MRL radiomics could be used to effectively evaluate CCLA.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Bushen Huoxue Prescription(Morindae Officinalis Radix,Cuscutae Semen,Astragali Complanati Semen,Codonopsis Radix,Poria,etc.)on endometrial hyperplasia(EH)rats of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type.Methods A total of 90 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Mifepristone group(12 mg·kg-1),and low-,medium-,and high-dose Bushen Huoxue Prescription groups(1.2,2.4,4.8 g·kg-1),with 15 rats in each group.The EH rat model of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type was replicated by intragastric administration of Hydroxyurea and Estradiol Valerate combined with tail vein injection of high molecular dextran.After successful modeling,each group was given intragastric administration according to the set dose,once a day for 21 consecutive days.At the end of the experiment,the levels of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP),cortisol(CORT),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),whole blood viscosity,hemorheology and coagulation function were detected by biochemical method.The levels of serum estrogen(E2),follicular estrogen(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),nitric oxide(NO)and endothelin-1(ET-1)were detected by ELISA.The pathological changes of endometrial tissue were observed by HE staining,and the endometrial thickness was measured.The protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)in endometrial tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.The protein expression levels of MMP-9,TIMP-1,B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2 related X protein(Bax)and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10(PTEN)in endometrial tissue were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the levels of serum CORT,ACTH,cAMP,T3,T4,TSH,ET-1 and ET-1/NO ratio in the model group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while the levels of cGMP,E2,FSH,LH and NO were significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The indexes of hemorheology and fibrinogen(FIB)content were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and thrombin time(TT),prothrombin time(PT)and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)were significantly prolonged(P＜0.05).The uterine index and endometrial thickness were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The protein expressions of MMP-9 and Bcl-2 in endometrial tissue were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.01),and the protein expressions of TIMP-1,PTEN and Bax were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the levels of serum CORT,ACTH,cAMP,T3,T4,TSH,ET-1 and ET-1/NO ratio in the Bushen Huoxue Prescription group were significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The levels of cGMP,E2,FSH,LH and NO were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The indexes of hemorheology and FIB content were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and TT,PT and APTT were significantly shortened(P＜0.05).The uterine index and endometrial thickness were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The protein expressions of MMP-9 and Bcl-2 in endometrial tissue were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the protein expressions of TIMP-1,PTEN and Bax were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Bushen Huoxue Prescription can improve the symptoms and signs of EH rats with kidney deficiency and blood stasis,protect endometrial vascular endothelial function,and alleviate endometrial hyperplasia.Its mechanism is related to the restoration of MMP-9/TIMP-1 balance,up-regulation of Bax and PTEN expressions,and inhibition of Bcl-2 expression.

Objective Based on TLR4/NF-κB/MLCK pathway,the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Baihe Dihuang Decoction on insomnia with intestinal flora disturbance in mice induced by p-chlorophenlalanine(PCPA)and multi-factor stimulation were studied.The aim is to provide theoretical basis for clinical use.Methods Eighty-four KM mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,positive group(Diazepam,1.38 mg·kg-1),Baihe group(2.25 g·kg-1),Dihuang group(2.25 g·kg-1)and Baihe Dihuang Decoction group(4.5 g·kg-1).Insomnia mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of PCPA for 2 days combined with 4 weeks of multi-factor stimulation,including stimulating the tail with forceps clip for 2 minutes,reversing day and night for 24 hours,wetting the padding for 24 hours,tilting the cage at 45° for 24 hours,alternating the cages for 24 hours,fasting food for 24 hours,and getting cold bath for 3 minutes,etc.After successfully modeling,corresponding drug treatment was given.The anxiety-like behavior of mice was observed by elevated cross maze system.The latency and duration of sleep were observed by righting reflex experiment.16sRNA sequencing was used to analyze the composition and structure of intestinal flora in mice.The concentration changes of γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),glutamic acid(Glu),tryptophan(Trp),5-hydroxytryptophan(5-HTP)and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in brain and colon were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of zona atresia protein 1(ZO-1)and Occludin in colon.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the genes including interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),ZO-1,Occludin,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)and myosin light chain kinase(MLCK)in colonic tissue.Western Blot was used to detect the expressions of TLR4,NF-κB,phosphorylated nuclear factor κB(p-NF-κB),MLCK,myosin light chain(MLC)and phosphorylated myosin light chain(p-MLC)in colonic epithelial tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,the distance of entering the open arm and the duration of stay in the open arm of model group in the elevated cross maze were significantly shortened(P＜0.05).The sleep latency was significantly prolonged,and the sleep duration was significantly shortened(P＜0.05).The richness and uniformity of intestinal flora were decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The concentration of neurotransmitters GABA,Trp,5-HTP and 5-HT in the brain decreased significantly(P＜0.01),while the concentration of Glu increased significantly(P＜0.01).The concentration of GABA and Glu in colon decreased significantly(P＜0.01),while the concentration of Trp,5-HTP and 5-HT increased significantly(P＜0.01).The expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in colonic tissue were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of ZO-1 and Occludin genes and proteins were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The gene expression levels of TLR4,NF-κB and MLCK were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the protein expression levels of TLR4,p-NF-κB,MLCK and p-MLC were significantly increased(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,Baihe Dihuang Decoction could significantly prolong the distance of entering the open arm and the duration of stay in the open arm of insomnia mice in the elevated cross maze(P＜0.05).The sleep latency was significantly shortened,and the sleep duration was significantly increased(P＜0.05).The richness and uniformity of intestinal flora were increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The concentration of neurotransmitters GABA,Trp,5-HTP and 5-HT in brain was increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the concentration of Glu was decreased(P＜0.01).The concentration of GABA and Glu in colon was increased(P＜0.01),while the concentration of Trp,5-HTP and 5-HT was decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α genes were down-regulated(P＜0.01),the expression levels of ZO-1 and Occludin genes and proteins were up-regulated(P＜0.01),TLR4,NF-κB,MLCK gene expression levels and TLR4,p-NF-κB,MLCK,p-MLC protein expression levels were down-regulated in the pathway(P＜0.01).Conclusion Baihe Dihuang Decoction can effectively treat insomnia with intestinal flora disorders.Its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of brain and intestinal neurotransmitter disorders,down-regulating TLR4/NF-κB/MLCK signaling pathway,and up-regulating tight junction proteins expression,reducing inflammatory responses,and then repairing the mechanical barrier of intestinal mucosa.

Shengmai formula,composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Ophiopogon Radix and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus,is a classic and famous formula.It is a representative formula for"supplementing qi,nourishing yin,and generating fluid"in Traditional Chinese Medicine theory.To date,a wide range of Shengmai formulae have been developed according to different medical applications,but the quality evaluation standards are at a relatively low level,and most of them only specify the individual components of a single herb,making it difficult to ensure clinical efficacy and safety.At the same time,the physical and chemical identification methods of Shengmai formula have been constantly updated,allowing for greater progress in research on its main chemical components such as saponins,lignans and flavonoids.However,there is little systematic summarization of the chemical components and analytical methods.Based on the existing references,we systematically summarized ginsenosides,ophiopogonins,schisandra lignans,homoisoflavonoids and some other compounds in this paper,as well as the quality standards of Shengmai formulae and their analytical methods in order to aid clinical research and formulation manufacture.

Lumbar spondylolysis is one of the common diseases of low back pain caused by spinal surgery. Its treatment options vary depending on different conditions, from early conservative ones to late surgical ones. There are still disputes over various conservative treatments, choice of surgical methods and the biomechanics of different internal fixation techniques to repair spondylolysis. Therefore, this review summarizes the clinical outcomes of previous clinical treatments of lumbar spondylolysis and the biomechanical characteristics of various techniques to find the mechanical and evidence-based clinical data that may facilitate the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis.