Objective To analyze the varicella vaccination rate in the 2012-2023 birth cohort in Changsha. Methods The varicella vaccination information of all children born in Changsha from 2012 to 2023 was collected through the Hunan Provincial Immunization Planning Information System. The varicella epidemic information from 2012 to 2023 was collected through the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The varicella vaccination rate and its characteristics of children in the birth cohort were descriptively analyzed. Results The first dose vaccination rate of varicella vaccine for children born from 2012 to 2023 was 64.82 %, and the full vaccination rate was 40.87 %. The full vaccination rate of the birth cohort in each year ranged from 18.11 % (2020 birth cohort) -73.07 % (2017 birth cohort), showing an overall increasing trend year by year. Conclusion The varicella vaccination rate has increased among children born between 2012 and 2023 in Changsha, but overall coverage is low. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of varicella vaccine knowledge and promote timely vaccination of school-age children.

Objective To analyze the serological survey results of Changsha City in 2016 and 2024, and to investigate the short-term impact of adjusting the immunization program with two doses of mumps containing vaccine on the mumps antibody levels of healthy individuals in Changsha City. Methods Using the relevant data and samples from the mumps serological surveys conducted in 2016 and 2024, serum mumps IgG antibodies were quantitatively detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results from these two surveys were analyzed and compared using SPSS 25.0 software. Results The survey included 1 512 participants in 2016 and 1 398 in 2024. In 2024, both the seropositivity rate and IgG antibody levels against mumps in the healthy population were significantly higher than those in 2016 (all P<0.01). Specifically, the seropositivity rates and IgG antibody levels in the age groups of 8–17 months, 18 months–2 years, 3–4 years, and 5–9 years were significantly higher in 2024 compared to 2016 (all P < 0.001). However, among the participants in 2024, the 15–19 years age group showed relatively low seropositivity rate and IgG antibody levels. Conclusion Following the adjustment of the two-dose MuCV immunization strategy, the mumps IgG antibody levels among children aged 8 months to 9 years in Changsha have increased. It is necessary to continue implementing the routine two-dose MuCV vaccination strategy and to explore the necessity of strengthening and supplementing immunization for key groups, including the high-risk 5–9-year-old population and the immunologically vulnerable 15–19-year-old population.

Developmental dysplasia of hip(DDH)usually occurs in children,and delayed diagnosis of DDH might lead to serious complications and influence long-term prognosis.The application of artificial intelligence(AI)in medical images helps to quantitatively individualize image data,reduce bias generated by manual analysis and achieve early and accurate diagnosis of children DDH.The research progresses of AI in imaging diagnosis of children DDH were reviewed in this article.

Objective:To uncover alterations in the metabolic microenvironment of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and identify potential metabolic biomarkers for the early diagnosis of LNM using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) spatial metabolomics.Methods:Six OSCC patients with LNM, who underwent neck dissection surgery at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University between October 2020 and October 2022, were enrolled. Matched metastatically involved (positive) and benign (negative) lymph node tissue samples were collected and analyzed using DESI-MSI. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to identify differentially abundant metabolites. The diagnostic efficacy of these metabolites was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Finally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed to determine the implicated metabolic pathways.Results:A total of 62 and 29 differentially abundant metabolites were identified in the metastatically involved lymph nodes compared to benign lymph nodes under positive-ion mode and negative-ion mode, respectively. These metabolites were predominantly amino acids and lipids. Four metabolites common to both ionization modes were selected for ROC curve analysis: phenylalanine, phosphoethanolamine, histidine, and taurine. The area under the curve values were 0.861, 0.802, 0.729, and 0.722, respectively, indicating promising diagnostic performance. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed significantly heightened activity in Amino acid metabolism ( P=0.469) and Glycerophospholipid metabolism ( P=0.006) within the LNM microenvironment. Conclusions:This DESI-MSI-based study identified disruptions in amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism within OSCC metastatic lymph node tissues. The associated differentially abundant metabolites represent potential candidate molecules for diagnosing OSCC LNM.

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is a major cardiovascular condition driven by atherosclerosis, distinguished by chronic inflammation and dysregulated lipid metabolism. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in human health and disease, with research indicating a strong association between gut microbial metabolism and the development and progression of coronary heart disease. This article provides a review of the relationship between gut microbiota and coronary heart disease, as well as the mechanisms by which traditional Chinese medicine regulates digestive tract microbiota to treat coronary heart disease, which systematically explains how the gut microbiota, through metabolic products and immune regulation, contributes to the occurrence and progression of coronary heart disease, and summarizes recent advances in research on traditional Chinese medicine's regulation of gut microbiota for treating coronary heart disease. It aims to provide further reference and insights for exploring the relationship between gut microbiota and coronary heart disease, as well as traditional Chinese medicine approaches for treating coronary heart disease.

Objective:To uncover alterations in the metabolic microenvironment of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and identify potential metabolic biomarkers for the early diagnosis of LNM using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) spatial metabolomics.Methods:Six OSCC patients with LNM, who underwent neck dissection surgery at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University between October 2020 and October 2022, were enrolled. Matched metastatically involved (positive) and benign (negative) lymph node tissue samples were collected and analyzed using DESI-MSI. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to identify differentially abundant metabolites. The diagnostic efficacy of these metabolites was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Finally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed to determine the implicated metabolic pathways.Results:A total of 62 and 29 differentially abundant metabolites were identified in the metastatically involved lymph nodes compared to benign lymph nodes under positive-ion mode and negative-ion mode, respectively. These metabolites were predominantly amino acids and lipids. Four metabolites common to both ionization modes were selected for ROC curve analysis: phenylalanine, phosphoethanolamine, histidine, and taurine. The area under the curve values were 0.861, 0.802, 0.729, and 0.722, respectively, indicating promising diagnostic performance. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed significantly heightened activity in Amino acid metabolism ( P=0.469) and Glycerophospholipid metabolism ( P=0.006) within the LNM microenvironment. Conclusions:This DESI-MSI-based study identified disruptions in amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism within OSCC metastatic lymph node tissues. The associated differentially abundant metabolites represent potential candidate molecules for diagnosing OSCC LNM.

Developmental dysplasia of hip(DDH)usually occurs in children,and delayed diagnosis of DDH might lead to serious complications and influence long-term prognosis.The application of artificial intelligence(AI)in medical images helps to quantitatively individualize image data,reduce bias generated by manual analysis and achieve early and accurate diagnosis of children DDH.The research progresses of AI in imaging diagnosis of children DDH were reviewed in this article.

Fenugreek is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine with great development prospects.At present,there are many modern reports on its components extraction,quality standards,processing technology and pharmacological effects.However,there is still a lack of research on sorting out and analyzing the relevant ancient records,and people's herbological cognition of fenugreek is still controversial and incomplete.In this study,through systematic review and analysis of ancient records,the names,original plant,processing methods and properties(including nature,flavor,meridian tropism,action,application,toxicity and contraindication)of fenugreek were comprehensively verified for the first time,which provided a herbological reference for further development,utilization and in-depth study of Fenugreek.It is found that fenugreek has several names such as Kudou,Luba,Huba and Jidou.Based on analyzing the descriptions and pictures of fenugreek original plant in ancient records,there is a strong likelihood that the ancient and modern medicinal fenugreek belong to the same species.In addition to the current common method of stir-frying with salt solution,the ancient books also recorded eight processing methods of fenugreek,such as stir-frying,steaming,baking,and calcining.According to the research of properties,it is found that fenugreek is warm-hot in nature,bitter,sweet,and pungent in flavor,and attributive to the kidney,stomach,liver and bladder meridians.In addition to the efficacy recorded in pharmacopoeia,this study also complemented fenugreek's actions of"improving hearing and eyesight,guiding fire to origin"and application of"fullness and discomfort in abdomen and hypochondrium".According to the textual research of toxicity and contraindication,fenugreek has been recorded as non-toxic in the past dynasties,but it should be used cautiously in the excess-heat syndrome,Yin deficiency syndrome,and pregnant women.

Objective:There is no standard method for esophageal remnant gastric reconstruction for proximal gastrectomy. Reflux esophagitis caused by esophagogastrostomy remains a difficult surgical problem. To report the preliminary surgical results of novel esophagus-conical remnant gastric side overlap anastomosis (CGEO) , with particular emphasis on postoperative esophageal reflux.Methods:In June 2022, we developed a novel CGEO for laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy on two patients with Siewert type II esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. Surgical procedures for CGEO: (1) Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and preparation of conically shaped gastric remnant; (2) Determining anastomotic site of residual stomach and esophagus; (3) Side-to-side anastomosis of right esophageal wall to anterior of conical gastric remnant; (4) Valvuloplasty of esophageal stump.Results:Case 1 was a 71-year-old man with an operation time of 305 minutes and was successfully discharged from the hospital on the 9th day after surgery, and the postoperative pathology was T3N0M0. Case 2 was an 82-year-old man with an operation time of 325 minutes. He was discharged on the 10th day after surgery. In both cases, only mild esophageal mucosal changes were seen in gastroscopy, there were no obvious symptoms of esophageal reflux. There was also no significant weight change at half a year after operation.Conclusion:CGEO is moderately safe in radical surgery for proximal gastric cancer, and may have a preventive effect on the occurrence of postoperative esophageal reflux, but long-term results need to be confirmed by further studies with follow-up.

Objective:There is no standard method for esophageal remnant gastric reconstruction for proximal gastrectomy. Reflux esophagitis caused by esophagogastrostomy remains a difficult surgical problem. To report the preliminary surgical results of novel esophagus-conical remnant gastric side overlap anastomosis (CGEO) , with particular emphasis on postoperative esophageal reflux.Methods:In June 2022, we developed a novel CGEO for laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy on two patients with Siewert type II esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. Surgical procedures for CGEO: (1) Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and preparation of conically shaped gastric remnant; (2) Determining anastomotic site of residual stomach and esophagus; (3) Side-to-side anastomosis of right esophageal wall to anterior of conical gastric remnant; (4) Valvuloplasty of esophageal stump.Results:Case 1 was a 71-year-old man with an operation time of 305 minutes and was successfully discharged from the hospital on the 9th day after surgery, and the postoperative pathology was T3N0M0. Case 2 was an 82-year-old man with an operation time of 325 minutes. He was discharged on the 10th day after surgery. In both cases, only mild esophageal mucosal changes were seen in gastroscopy, there were no obvious symptoms of esophageal reflux. There was also no significant weight change at half a year after operation.Conclusion:CGEO is moderately safe in radical surgery for proximal gastric cancer, and may have a preventive effect on the occurrence of postoperative esophageal reflux, but long-term results need to be confirmed by further studies with follow-up.