During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the population of China has turned into a stage of negative growth, the fertility rate gradually declined, and the infertility rate gradually increased. The most effective treatment for infertility is assisted reproductive technology (ART), which has brought hope for fertility to many patients. However, the current promotion of the utilization of ART is still fraught with many obstacles. In this context, focusing on the realistic challenges of ART on its development in China, we will take a problem-oriented approach, utilize the relevant policies of ART in foreign countries as references, and put forward policy recommendations for the further implementation of ART, such as coordinating the balanced distribution of ART resources in the region, strengthening policy safeguards for ART, enhancing the institutional functioning of professional associations in medical ethics, and standardizing the application of ART treatments.

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the population of China has turned into a stage of negative growth, the fertility rate gradually declined, and the infertility rate gradually increased. The most effective treatment for infertility is assisted reproductive technology (ART), which has brought hope for fertility to many patients. However, the current promotion of the utilization of ART is still fraught with many obstacles. In this context, focusing on the realistic challenges of ART on its development in China, we will take a problem-oriented approach, utilize the relevant policies of ART in foreign countries as references, and put forward policy recommendations for the further implementation of ART, such as coordinating the balanced distribution of ART resources in the region, strengthening policy safeguards for ART, enhancing the institutional functioning of professional associations in medical ethics, and standardizing the application of ART treatments.

In recent years, tumor immunotherapy with immune checkpoint as the target has attracted much attention because of its remarkable efficacy. However, with the application of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), more and more immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been reported. IrAEs impose an additional risk of death on tumor patients treated with ICIs, limiting the widespread use of ICIs. To help patients actively prevent irAEs, biomarkers with the predictive value of irAEs are of great significance. This paper reviews the biomarkers with predictive value for irAEs from the aspects of serology, genetics and microbiology.