In order to accurately capture the respiratory muscle movement and extract the synchronization signals corresponding to the breathing phases, a comprehensive signal sensing system for sensing the movement of the respiratory muscle was developed with applying the thin-film varistor FSR402 IMS-C07A in this paper. The system integrated a sensor, a signal processing circuit, and an application program to collect, amplify and denoise electronic signals. Based on the respiratory muscle movement sensor and a STM32F107 development board, an experimental platform was designed to conduct experiments. The respiratory muscle movement data and respiratory airflow data were collected from 3 healthy adults for comparative analysis. In this paper, the results demonstrated that the method for determining respiratory phase based on the sensing the respiratory muscle movement exhibited strong real-time performance. Compared to traditional airflow-based respiratory phase detection, the proposed method showed a lead times ranging from 33 to 210 ms [(88.3 ± 47.9) ms] for expiration switched into inspiration and 17 to 222 ms [(92.9 ± 63.8) ms] for inspiration switched into expiration, respectively. When this system is applied to trigger the output of the ventilator, it will effectively improve the patient-ventilator synchrony and facilitate the ventilation treatment for patients with respiratory diseases.
Humans ; Respiratory Muscles/physiology* ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Movement/physiology* ; Respiration ; Monitoring, Physiologic/methods* ; Adult

Objective:To compare the clinical effect of femoral neck system (FNS) and cannulated compression screw internal fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged patients.Methods:The databases of CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP, Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched. The intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, hospital stay, fracture healing time, Harris hip function score, partial weight-bearing time and complication rate were extracted to compare the clinical efficacy of the two surgical methods. Stata18.0 statistical software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 699 patients from 11 studies were included in this study. Compared with cannulated compression screw internal fixation, the FNS had a shorter operation time [ WMD= -8.54, 95% CI(-14.87, -2.21), P=0.008], fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy times[ WMD= -8.29, 95% CI(-11.45, -5.12), P< 0.001], a shorter fracture healing time [ WMD=-1.59, 95% CI(-2.49, -0.68), P=0.001], a shorter partial weight-bearing time[ WMD=-3.45, 95% CI(-4.43, -2.46), P<0.001], a lower incidence of postoperative complications [ RR=0.41, 95% CI(0.22, 0.76), P= 0.004], and a lower incidence of postoperative nonunion [ RR=0.40, 95% CI(0.18, 0.88), P=0.022]. Meanwhile, the FNS group had more intraoperative blood loss [ WMD=9.53, 95% CI(2.70, 16.35), P=0.006] and a higher Harris hip function score at the last follow-up [ WMD=3.50, 95% CI(2.11, 4.89), P<0.001] than the cannulated compression screw internal fixation group. There were no statistically significant differences in the length of hospital stay [ WMD=-0.48, 95% CI(-0.82, -0.13), P=0.092] or the incidence of femoral head necrosis [ RR=0.57, 95% CI(0.26, 1.24), P=0.159] between the two groups. Conclusion:Compared with cannulated compression screw internal fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in young and middle-aged patients, FNS has more intraoperative blood loss, but it has more advantages in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, postoperative fracture healing time, Harris hip function score, partial weight-bearing time, postoperative nonunion rate and postoperative complications rate.

[Objective]To investigate the effect of Qifu Qiangxin Decoction on heart failure(HF)and explore its mechanism.[Methods]Forty male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into sham surgery(Sham)group,model(HF)group,low-dose Qifu Qiangxin Formula(HF+QL)group,high-dose Qifu Qiangxin Formula(HF+QH)group and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(HF+ACEI)group according to the random number table method.The mouse HF model was established by ligating the left anterior descending(LAD)artery.Cell model in cardiac fibroblasts(CFs)was stimulated by Angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ).Ang Ⅱ-stimulated CFs were treated with drug-containing serum or blank serum,then incubated with gamma-secretase inhibitor(DAPT)and transmembrane receptor Notch1 siRNA.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to assess serum B-syndrome natriuretic peptide(BNP)levels in mice.Left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),ejection fraction(EF)and fraction shorting(FS)were measured by ultrasound cardiogram(UCG).The histological structure was observed after hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,while the collagen protein expression in heart muscle tissues was measured by using Picro sirius red(PSR)and Masson staining.Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),western blot and immunofluorescence(IF)was used to determine the expression levels of collagenⅠ,collagen Ⅲ,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),Notch1,Notch intracellular domain-1(NICD1),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),Smad protein 2(Smad2),phosphorylated-Smad2(p-Smad2),Smad protein 3(Smad3),phosphorylated-Smad3(p-Smad3),Smad protein 7(Smad7)in CFs and heart tissues,and the migration of CFs was determined by examining wound healing.[Results]Compared with HF group,Qifu Qiangxin Decoction reduced histopathological changes,serum BNP levels,LVESD and LVEDD,and collagen deposition,while increasing EF and FS(P<0.01,P<0.001).Qifu Qiangxin Decoction also notably inhibited the cell viability,migration,collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ mRNA and α-SMA protein expression in Ang Ⅱ stimulated CFs(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001);promoted Notch1,NICD1 and Smad7 protein expression and hindered TGF-β1,p-Smad2,p-Smad3 protein expression in HF mice and Ang Ⅱ-stimulated CFs(P<0.001).siNotch1 abolished the impact of Qifu Qiangxin Decoction on Notch1,NICD1,TGF-β1,p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 protein expression,and cell viability,migration,as well as collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ mRNA and α-SMA protein expression in Ang Ⅱ-stimulated CFs(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).[Conclusion]To some extent,Qifu Qiangxin Decoction showed protective properties against HF,and its mechanism may be through the regulation of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway by Notch1.

Objective:To compare the clinical effect of femoral neck system (FNS) and cannulated compression screw internal fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged patients.Methods:The databases of CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP, Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched. The intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, hospital stay, fracture healing time, Harris hip function score, partial weight-bearing time and complication rate were extracted to compare the clinical efficacy of the two surgical methods. Stata18.0 statistical software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 699 patients from 11 studies were included in this study. Compared with cannulated compression screw internal fixation, the FNS had a shorter operation time [ WMD= -8.54, 95% CI(-14.87, -2.21), P=0.008], fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy times[ WMD= -8.29, 95% CI(-11.45, -5.12), P< 0.001], a shorter fracture healing time [ WMD=-1.59, 95% CI(-2.49, -0.68), P=0.001], a shorter partial weight-bearing time[ WMD=-3.45, 95% CI(-4.43, -2.46), P<0.001], a lower incidence of postoperative complications [ RR=0.41, 95% CI(0.22, 0.76), P= 0.004], and a lower incidence of postoperative nonunion [ RR=0.40, 95% CI(0.18, 0.88), P=0.022]. Meanwhile, the FNS group had more intraoperative blood loss [ WMD=9.53, 95% CI(2.70, 16.35), P=0.006] and a higher Harris hip function score at the last follow-up [ WMD=3.50, 95% CI(2.11, 4.89), P<0.001] than the cannulated compression screw internal fixation group. There were no statistically significant differences in the length of hospital stay [ WMD=-0.48, 95% CI(-0.82, -0.13), P=0.092] or the incidence of femoral head necrosis [ RR=0.57, 95% CI(0.26, 1.24), P=0.159] between the two groups. Conclusion:Compared with cannulated compression screw internal fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in young and middle-aged patients, FNS has more intraoperative blood loss, but it has more advantages in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, postoperative fracture healing time, Harris hip function score, partial weight-bearing time, postoperative nonunion rate and postoperative complications rate.

[Objective]To investigate the effect of Qifu Qiangxin Decoction on heart failure(HF)and explore its mechanism.[Methods]Forty male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into sham surgery(Sham)group,model(HF)group,low-dose Qifu Qiangxin Formula(HF+QL)group,high-dose Qifu Qiangxin Formula(HF+QH)group and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(HF+ACEI)group according to the random number table method.The mouse HF model was established by ligating the left anterior descending(LAD)artery.Cell model in cardiac fibroblasts(CFs)was stimulated by Angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ).Ang Ⅱ-stimulated CFs were treated with drug-containing serum or blank serum,then incubated with gamma-secretase inhibitor(DAPT)and transmembrane receptor Notch1 siRNA.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to assess serum B-syndrome natriuretic peptide(BNP)levels in mice.Left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),ejection fraction(EF)and fraction shorting(FS)were measured by ultrasound cardiogram(UCG).The histological structure was observed after hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,while the collagen protein expression in heart muscle tissues was measured by using Picro sirius red(PSR)and Masson staining.Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),western blot and immunofluorescence(IF)was used to determine the expression levels of collagenⅠ,collagen Ⅲ,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),Notch1,Notch intracellular domain-1(NICD1),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),Smad protein 2(Smad2),phosphorylated-Smad2(p-Smad2),Smad protein 3(Smad3),phosphorylated-Smad3(p-Smad3),Smad protein 7(Smad7)in CFs and heart tissues,and the migration of CFs was determined by examining wound healing.[Results]Compared with HF group,Qifu Qiangxin Decoction reduced histopathological changes,serum BNP levels,LVESD and LVEDD,and collagen deposition,while increasing EF and FS(P<0.01,P<0.001).Qifu Qiangxin Decoction also notably inhibited the cell viability,migration,collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ mRNA and α-SMA protein expression in Ang Ⅱ stimulated CFs(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001);promoted Notch1,NICD1 and Smad7 protein expression and hindered TGF-β1,p-Smad2,p-Smad3 protein expression in HF mice and Ang Ⅱ-stimulated CFs(P<0.001).siNotch1 abolished the impact of Qifu Qiangxin Decoction on Notch1,NICD1,TGF-β1,p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 protein expression,and cell viability,migration,as well as collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ mRNA and α-SMA protein expression in Ang Ⅱ-stimulated CFs(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).[Conclusion]To some extent,Qifu Qiangxin Decoction showed protective properties against HF,and its mechanism may be through the regulation of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway by Notch1.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) during clopidogrel treatment in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods:Patients with ischemic stroke who received maintenance dose of clopidogrel (75 mg/d) in the Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2017 to March 2021 were retrospectively included. The highest quartile (Q4) of the TyG index was defined as insulin resistance. Platelet reactivity was assessed by thromboelastogram and clopidogrel HTPR was defined as the clot strength induced by adenosine diphosphate (MA ADP) >47 mm. Multivariate regression model was used to analyze the independent correlation between TyG index and platelet reactivity. Results:A total of 83 patients were included. The TyG index showed a linear correlation with MA ADP. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the quartile of TyG index. The incidence of clopidogrel HTPR increased significantly with the increase of the quartile of the TyG index ( Ptrend=0.017). Multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant independent correlation between insulin resistance and clopidogrel HTPR (odds ratio 4.597, 95% confidence interval 1.285-16.446; P=0.019). Conclusions:In patients with ischemic stroke treated with clopidogrel, the incidence of clopidogrel HTPR gradually increases with the increase of the quartile of the TyG index. The insulin resistance assessed by the TyG index is independently associated with clopidogrel HTPR.

Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA), defined as a decrease in responses to a common stimulus that only partially generalizes to other rare stimuli, is a widespread phenomenon in the brain that is believed to be related to novelty detection. Although cross-modal sensory processing is also a widespread phenomenon, the interaction between the two phenomena is not well understood. In this study, the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), which is regarded as a hub of the attentional system that contains multi-modal neurons, was investigated. The results showed that SSA existed in an interactive oddball stimulation, which mimics stimulation changes from one modality to another. In the bimodal integration, SSA to bimodal stimulation was stronger than to visual stimulation alone but similar to auditory stimulation alone, which indicated a limited integrative effect. Collectively, the present results provide evidence for independent cross-modal processing in bimodal TRN neurons.
Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Perception/physiology* ; Geniculate Bodies ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Thalamic Nuclei/physiology*

Lung transplantation is the only effective treatment of end-stage lung diseases. Nevertheless, shortage of donor lungs has become increasingly prominent worldwide. A large quantity of patients died while waiting for lung transplantation. Urgent lung transplantation is a prioritized allocation strategy for donor lung transplantation according to the urgency of diseases, aiming to shorten the waiting time for donor lungs and reduce the fatality of patients on the waiting list for lung transplantation. However, no consensus has been reached worldwide on the definition, criteria and application of the terminology of urgent lung transplantation. In addition, the survival and net benefits of lung transplant recipients based on this allocation system are still controversial. On the basis of previous clinical research on urgent lung transplantation, the definition criteria, risk factors, survival outcomes, limitations and optimization measures were explicitly elucidated in this article, aiming to provide theoretical reference for comprehensive evaluation of the feasibility of urgent lung transplantation and further optimizing the allocation system of donor lungs.

Essential palatal tremor is relatively rare in clinical practice, which manifests involuntary and rhythmic contraction of soft-palate along with auditory click. The cause is unknown and there is no specific treatment at present. This article reports a female patient with essential palatine tremor, who presented with involuntarily beating of soft palate, disappeared during sleep, had sensory tricks, and gradually developed mental and psychological problems such as anxiety disorders. After treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the symptoms improved. The clinical features of the case were analyzed, relevant literature was reviewed, and the possible etiology and characteristics of the disease were explored, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of miR-144-3p in regulating osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and predict its target genes.

METHODSRat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with induced osteogenic differentiation were examined for the expressions of Runx2, OCN and miR-144-3p. The effects of transfection with a miR-144-3p mimic or a miR-144-3p inhibitor were tested on the osteogenic differentiation of the BMSCs. The changes in the expressions of the predicted target of miR-144-3p in the BMSCs during induced osteogenic differentiation were examined using Western blotting and qRT-PCR.

RESULTSRat BMSCs with induced differentiation into osteoblasts exhibited a progressive increase in the expressions of Runx2 and OCN (two markers of osteogenic differentiation), while the expression of miR-144-3p gradually decreased during the differentiation till reaching the lowest level at 21 days of induction. In rat BMSCs, transfection with the miR-144-3p mimic significantly decreased ALP activity ( < 0.05) wile transfection with the miR-144-3p inhibitor significantly increased ALP activity ( < 0.05) in rat BMSCs. Analysis based on miRanda, microRNA.org database and TargetScan suggested that Smad4 was the most likely target gene of miR-144-3p. The results of qRT-PCR showed no significant differences in expression levels of Smad4 among the cells with different treatments ( > 0.05), while Western blotting revealed a significantly decreased expression of Smad4 in the cells transfected with miR-144-3p mimics and an increased Smad4 expression in the cells transfected with the miR-144-3p inhibitor as compared with the control cells ( < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSmiR-144-3p participates in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs, and its inhibitory effect on osteogenic differentiation is achieved probably by decreasing the expression level of Smad4.