Community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） refers to an infectious inflammation of the lung parenchyma （including the alveolar wall，that is，the broad pulmonary interstitium） acquired outside the hospital. Its common pathogens include streptococcus pneumoniae，respiratory viruses， mycoplasma pneumoniae， and so on. The related factors for the occurrence and development of CAP include patient characteristics （immune function，mucus production and clearance function，coagulation function，physical condition， and comorbidity） and pathogen characteristics （susceptibility，virulence，and antibiotic resistance）. The pathogenesis of CAP lies in immune deficiency，pathogen invasion，inflammatory response disorder，mucus production and clearance disorder， coagulation disorder， and so on. The pathogenesis of CAP in traditional Chinese medicine can be described as "vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis". Vital Qi deficiency （lack of immunity） is the potential pathogenesis of the disease and easy to be invaded by external pathogens （respiratory pathogens）. Toxic stasis （inflammatory disorder，mucus production and clearance disorder，and coagulation dysfunction） is the key pathogenic factor. Vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis are intermingled in a state of deficiency and excess，which suggests that the treatment of CAP lies in strengthening vital Qi and eliminating pathogenic factors. This involves strengthening vital Qi in the whole process to consolidate body resistance and nourish promordial Qi. It also involves clearing heat，eliminating phlegm，removing dampness，and dispelling stasis to dispel pathogenic toxins based on the syndrome differentiation. Its action mechanism is to regulate immune and inflammatory responses，resist pathogens，and improve mucus production and clearance， as well as coagulation disorders. Starting from the key pathogenesis of CAP，"vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis"， this paper discussed the pathogenesis of CAP and summarized the action mechanism of vital Qi strengthening for detoxification in its treatment. It is intended to complement the theoretical system by identifying "vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis" as the key pathogenesis underlying CAP and the scientific connotation of treating CAP with vital Qi strengthening for detoxification，thereby providing insights for its clinical application.

OBJECTIVE To systematically analyze the compatibility stability of commonly used intravenous antibiotics in the intensive care unit （ICU）， and to provide evidence-based support for rational clinical drug use. METHODS Medication data from the ICU of Hebei General Hospital between January and December 2024 were extracted from the Prescription Automatic Screening System. Commonly used intravenous antibiotics and other intravenous drugs in the ICU were selected through consultations with critical care and pharmacy experts in Hebei province， drug package inserts and compatibility information retrieved from Micromedex， Trissel’s Injectable Drug Handbook and PubMed. The physicochemical stability of drug combinations was analyzed. In addition， Cytoscape 3.10.2 software was used to construct a drug compatibility network for identifying high-risk drugs. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS A total of 904 pairwise drug combinations involving 16 antibacterial agents and 65 intravenous drugs were collected. Among them， 549 combinations （60.7%） were compatible， 88 combinations （9.7%） were incompatible， 82 combinations （9.1%） had conflicting evidence， and 185 combinations （20.5%） lacked valid data support. High-risk combination drugs primarily involved Amphotericin B for injection， Ceftazidime for injection， Imipenem-cilastatin for injection， Ceftriaxone sodium for injection， Vancomycin hydrochloride for injection， etc. The main risk factors for drug-drug incompatibility included drug concentration， temperature， mixing rate， pH， and chemical structure. In clinical practice， drugs and diluents should be selected rationally based on specific compatibility data， and research and monitoring of drug compatibility should be further strengthened.

Objective: To investigate the factors influencing the co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide a data foundation and theoretical basis for developing targeted intervention measures. Methods: In September and October 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 139 102 students from 539 schools across 12 leagues/cities and 103 banners/counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Participants who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis by a doctor at least once within one year and had a body mass index ≥ 28 kg/m 2 were considered to have comorbid conditions. Results: The coprevalence rate of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia was 6.4% (8 931 cases). Lasso-Logistic regression revealed that nonboarding status, higher maternal education, consuming high protein foods ≥1 time daily, occasionally or never eating breakfast, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity for ≥60 minutes on fewer than half of holidays, and having been exposed to second hand smoke in person within the past seven days were associated with higher odds ratios for co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity( OR = 1.23 , 1.22-1.63, 1.20, 1.19, 1.38, 1.35); being female, higher grade level, residence in flag/county/district areas, non only child status, never having consumed a full glass of alcohol, non hypertensive status, and households without pets were associated with lower co-prevalence risks ( OR =0.65, 0.67-0.77, 0.81, 0.87, 0.73, 0.41, 0.68) (all P <0.05). The ROC curve indicated an area under the curve of 0.64 for the predictive model, demonstrating satisfactory discriminatory ability. The calibration curve showed consistency between predicted and actual occurrence probabilities. Conclusions The co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia is closely associated with demographic characteristics, dietary behaviours, and lifestyle habits. Future prevention and control strategies should prioritize these factors to implement targeted interventions.

ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic value of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to investigate the changes in brain functional connectivity in default mode network (DMN) and medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions. MethodsLiteratures were retrieved from multiple databases including CNKI, PubMed, Medline, and Embase, etc. from January, 2020 to October, 2025, investigating the changes in functional connectivity of DMN and MTL in patients with MCI compared to health control (HC) using rs-fMRI. Two researchers independently screened and extracted the literatures and methodological quality was assessed using QUADAS-2. Review Manager 5.4 was used to perform a meta-analysis of neuroimaging indicators in MCI patients and HC subjects. Stata and SDM were utilized to summarize diagnostic efficacy and brain functional connectivity, calculating the over all sensitivity, specificity and summary receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (SROC-AUC). Deeks funnel plots were drawn, literature weights were analyzed, and subgroup analyses were conducted. ResultsA total of ten literatures were ultimately included, involving 1 010 patients with MCI and 1 714 HC subjects. MCI patients showed decreased or abnormal blood oxygen level dependence signals in DMN, focusing on bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex. The SROC-AUC was 0.91. In MTL, there was a characteristic decrease of spontaneous neural functional connectivities between the hippocampus and other regions, reflecting the obstruction of information transmission from episodic memory to the central nodes. Abnormal functional connectivity in DMN and MTL resulted in compensatory resting-state functional connectivity enhancement in other subnetworks or local functional connections, such as frontoparietal network and the hippocampal-parietal network. Abnormal activation of mPFC suggested atrophy of the hippocampus or abnormal brain function. The decline in functional connectivity between DMN and MTL indicated impairment of memory and information processing in the early stage. ConclusionThe early functional decoupling between DMN and MTL is a crucial neural mechanism at the MCI stage of AD, providing important neuroimaging evidence for the early diagnosis of AD.

Objective:To study the effect of preoperative pancreatic duct stent placement in enucleation (EN) of pancreatic tumor adjacent to the main pancreatic duct (MPD).Methods:Clinical data of 56 patients with benign or borderline pancreatic tumor adjacent to the MPD undergoing EN in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2022 to September 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including 25 males and 31 females, aged (32.0±5.5) years. Among the patients, 35 (62.5%) were solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, 15 (26.8%) were neuroendocrine tumor, and 6 (10.7%) were serous cystic tumor. According to whether the pancreatic duct stent was placed through encoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography preoperatively, patients were divided into the stent group ( n=20, observation group) and no-stent group ( n=36, control group). The operation time, intraoperative pancreatic duct injury, tumor enucleation time and blood loss, grade B/C pancreatic fistula and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Results:All patients underwent EN successfully. The operation time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group [150.0 (143.5, 159.0) vs 158.0 (150.0, 180.0) min, Z=-2.08, P=0.031], and the rate of intraoperative MPD injury in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [10.0% (2/20) vs 38.9% (14/36), χ2=5.26, P=0.022]. The tumor enucleation time and blood loss were comparable between the two groups (both P>0.05). The rate of postoperative grade B/C pancreatic fistula in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [15.0% (3/20) vs 41.7% (15/36), χ2=4.19, P=0.041], and the postoperative hospital stay was also shorter in the observation group [(7.9±1.6) vs (9.3±2.1) d, t=-2.57, P=0.014]. Conclusion:Under the premise of matured endoscopic operation, preoperative pancreatic duct stent placement through ERCP in the EN of pancreatic tumor adjacent to the MPD can protect the MPD during operation, reduce the occurrence of postoperative grade B/C pancreatic fistula, and shorten the postoperative hospital stay.

Objective:To study the effect of preoperative pancreatic duct stent placement in enucleation (EN) of pancreatic tumor adjacent to the main pancreatic duct (MPD).Methods:Clinical data of 56 patients with benign or borderline pancreatic tumor adjacent to the MPD undergoing EN in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2022 to September 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including 25 males and 31 females, aged (32.0±5.5) years. Among the patients, 35 (62.5%) were solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, 15 (26.8%) were neuroendocrine tumor, and 6 (10.7%) were serous cystic tumor. According to whether the pancreatic duct stent was placed through encoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography preoperatively, patients were divided into the stent group ( n=20, observation group) and no-stent group ( n=36, control group). The operation time, intraoperative pancreatic duct injury, tumor enucleation time and blood loss, grade B/C pancreatic fistula and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Results:All patients underwent EN successfully. The operation time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group [150.0 (143.5, 159.0) vs 158.0 (150.0, 180.0) min, Z=-2.08, P=0.031], and the rate of intraoperative MPD injury in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [10.0% (2/20) vs 38.9% (14/36), χ2=5.26, P=0.022]. The tumor enucleation time and blood loss were comparable between the two groups (both P>0.05). The rate of postoperative grade B/C pancreatic fistula in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [15.0% (3/20) vs 41.7% (15/36), χ2=4.19, P=0.041], and the postoperative hospital stay was also shorter in the observation group [(7.9±1.6) vs (9.3±2.1) d, t=-2.57, P=0.014]. Conclusion:Under the premise of matured endoscopic operation, preoperative pancreatic duct stent placement through ERCP in the EN of pancreatic tumor adjacent to the MPD can protect the MPD during operation, reduce the occurrence of postoperative grade B/C pancreatic fistula, and shorten the postoperative hospital stay.

Objective To investigate the status and developmental trends of clinical trials for weight control drugs in China,and to provide data support for sponsors,researchers,and regulatory authorities.Methods The drug clinical trial registration and information platform of the National Medical Products Administration was utilized to search for registered clinical trials of weight control drugs from November 2012 to June 2024.The search employed"overweight","obesity",and"weight loss"as keywords.The information collected included project registration time,drug name,dosage form,drug classification,indications,trial staging,study progress,design type,lead unit,and sponsor.Microsoft Office Excel software was employed for data entry,organization,and extraction.Results A total of 95 registered clinical trials of weight control drugs were identified,comprising 40 domestic multicenter trials,47 domestic single-center trials,and 8 international multicenter trials.Regarding trial phasing,46(48.4％)were phase Ⅰ clinical trials,17(17.9％)were phase Ⅱ clinical trials,19(20.0％)were phase Ⅲ clinical trials,and 13(13.7％)were bioequivalence trials.The drug categorization encompassed 22 chemical drugs,20 biological products,and 1 traditional Chinese medicine/natural drug.Concerning drug dosage forms,there were 32 items of injectable dosage forms,8 items of tablets,2 items of capsules,and 1 item of chewable tablets.Conclusions Registered clinical trials for weight-loss medications in China are predominantly concentrated in regions with developed medical resources.Injectable biologics constitute most test drugs,with most drugs in the early stages of research and development.The examination of the safety and efficacy of these drugs remains to be substantiated,and it is anticipated that a considerable period will elapse before their approval and market introduction.

Objective To explore the effect of chrysin on intestinal flora in mice with alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Methods Mice were randomly assigned to normal control group,ALD model group,Silymarin group,chrysin low-dose group,chrysin high-dose group(25,50 mg·kg-1).The mice were fed with alcoholic liquid diet and a single dose of alcohol(5 g·kg-1)for eight weeks to establish the ALD model.After eight weeks of oral administration,each group's serum and plasma lipids and liver function indices were collected and detected using kits;then collected the liver and observed the pathological changes of the liver using HE staining;meanwhile,intestinal contents were collected and changes in mouse gut flora were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing.Results Compared with the ALD group,the level of aspartate transaminase(AST),alanine transaminase(ALT)and triacylglycerol(TG)of low-dose and high-dose chrysin groups were significantly reduced,and it can alleviate liver cell steatosis and inflammatory reactions caused by alcohol.16S rDNA results showed that the total number and types of intestinal flora in the ethanol group were significantly reduced,as well as a change in the dominant genus to Escherichia-Shigella and Akkermansia.Compared to the ALD model group,the Shannon index of the intestinal microbiota increased significantly in mice treated with low and high doses of chrysin.In addition,at the phylum and genus level,the abundance of the high-dose chrysin group increased significantly,resulting in an overall increase in the total number and amount of microbiota.The abundance of dominant bacterial groups,such as Oscillospirales,irmicutes,andAlloprevotella,was also significantly increased.Conclusion Chrysin may exert therapeutic effects on ALD by improving intestinal flora imbalance in ALD mice.

Objective To investigate the status and developmental trends of clinical trials for weight control drugs in China,and to provide data support for sponsors,researchers,and regulatory authorities.Methods The drug clinical trial registration and information platform of the National Medical Products Administration was utilized to search for registered clinical trials of weight control drugs from November 2012 to June 2024.The search employed"overweight","obesity",and"weight loss"as keywords.The information collected included project registration time,drug name,dosage form,drug classification,indications,trial staging,study progress,design type,lead unit,and sponsor.Microsoft Office Excel software was employed for data entry,organization,and extraction.Results A total of 95 registered clinical trials of weight control drugs were identified,comprising 40 domestic multicenter trials,47 domestic single-center trials,and 8 international multicenter trials.Regarding trial phasing,46(48.4％)were phase Ⅰ clinical trials,17(17.9％)were phase Ⅱ clinical trials,19(20.0％)were phase Ⅲ clinical trials,and 13(13.7％)were bioequivalence trials.The drug categorization encompassed 22 chemical drugs,20 biological products,and 1 traditional Chinese medicine/natural drug.Concerning drug dosage forms,there were 32 items of injectable dosage forms,8 items of tablets,2 items of capsules,and 1 item of chewable tablets.Conclusions Registered clinical trials for weight-loss medications in China are predominantly concentrated in regions with developed medical resources.Injectable biologics constitute most test drugs,with most drugs in the early stages of research and development.The examination of the safety and efficacy of these drugs remains to be substantiated,and it is anticipated that a considerable period will elapse before their approval and market introduction.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence trends of different types of elevated blood pressure and their association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2024, providing references for targeted prevention strategies. Methods: From September 2019 to 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 12 primary and secondary schools from each league city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 177 108, 137 758, 190 182, 180 084 , 188 056, 180 351 primary and secondary school students (excluding grades one to three of primary school) were included for physical examination. The correlation between their nutritional status and high blood pressure was analyzed based on the basic situation of 129 821 primary and secondary school students who completed a questionnaire survey at the same time in 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model. Results: From 2019 to 2024, the detection rates of elevated blood pressure were 13.60%, 13.68%, 17.60%, 17.24%, 14.77% and 15.96%, respectively. The rates for isolated systolic hypertension were 4.24%, 5.83%, 7.26%, 7.19%, 6.24% and 6.93%; isolated diastolic hypertension rates were 6.38%, 4.99%, 6.23 %, 6.41%, 5.39% and 5.66%; and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension rates were 2.97%, 2.86%, 4.11%, 3.65%, 3.14 % and 3.36%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, junior high school, senior high school, overweight, and obesity were positively associated with elevated blood pressure risk ( OR =1.27, 1.25, 1.32, 1.66, 3.07, all P <0.05); conversely, county residence, Mongolian ethnicity, and other ethnicities showed negative associations ( OR =0.90, 0.93, 0.90, all P <0.05). Conclusions Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are closely related to various types of elevated blood pressure. Prevention strategies should prioritize effectively controlling weight issues among children and adolescents, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of elevated blood pressure.