Objective: To investigate the factors influencing the co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide a data foundation and theoretical basis for developing targeted intervention measures. Methods: In September and October 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 139 102 students from 539 schools across 12 leagues/cities and 103 banners/counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Participants who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis by a doctor at least once within one year and had a body mass index ≥ 28 kg/m 2 were considered to have comorbid conditions. Results: The coprevalence rate of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia was 6.4% (8 931 cases). Lasso-Logistic regression revealed that nonboarding status, higher maternal education, consuming high protein foods ≥1 time daily, occasionally or never eating breakfast, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity for ≥60 minutes on fewer than half of holidays, and having been exposed to second hand smoke in person within the past seven days were associated with higher odds ratios for co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity( OR = 1.23 , 1.22-1.63, 1.20, 1.19, 1.38, 1.35); being female, higher grade level, residence in flag/county/district areas, non only child status, never having consumed a full glass of alcohol, non hypertensive status, and households without pets were associated with lower co-prevalence risks ( OR =0.65, 0.67-0.77, 0.81, 0.87, 0.73, 0.41, 0.68) (all P <0.05). The ROC curve indicated an area under the curve of 0.64 for the predictive model, demonstrating satisfactory discriminatory ability. The calibration curve showed consistency between predicted and actual occurrence probabilities. Conclusions The co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia is closely associated with demographic characteristics, dietary behaviours, and lifestyle habits. Future prevention and control strategies should prioritize these factors to implement targeted interventions.

Community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） refers to an infectious inflammation of the lung parenchyma （including the alveolar wall，that is，the broad pulmonary interstitium） acquired outside the hospital. Its common pathogens include streptococcus pneumoniae，respiratory viruses， mycoplasma pneumoniae， and so on. The related factors for the occurrence and development of CAP include patient characteristics （immune function，mucus production and clearance function，coagulation function，physical condition， and comorbidity） and pathogen characteristics （susceptibility，virulence，and antibiotic resistance）. The pathogenesis of CAP lies in immune deficiency，pathogen invasion，inflammatory response disorder，mucus production and clearance disorder， coagulation disorder， and so on. The pathogenesis of CAP in traditional Chinese medicine can be described as "vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis". Vital Qi deficiency （lack of immunity） is the potential pathogenesis of the disease and easy to be invaded by external pathogens （respiratory pathogens）. Toxic stasis （inflammatory disorder，mucus production and clearance disorder，and coagulation dysfunction） is the key pathogenic factor. Vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis are intermingled in a state of deficiency and excess，which suggests that the treatment of CAP lies in strengthening vital Qi and eliminating pathogenic factors. This involves strengthening vital Qi in the whole process to consolidate body resistance and nourish promordial Qi. It also involves clearing heat，eliminating phlegm，removing dampness，and dispelling stasis to dispel pathogenic toxins based on the syndrome differentiation. Its action mechanism is to regulate immune and inflammatory responses，resist pathogens，and improve mucus production and clearance， as well as coagulation disorders. Starting from the key pathogenesis of CAP，"vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis"， this paper discussed the pathogenesis of CAP and summarized the action mechanism of vital Qi strengthening for detoxification in its treatment. It is intended to complement the theoretical system by identifying "vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis" as the key pathogenesis underlying CAP and the scientific connotation of treating CAP with vital Qi strengthening for detoxification，thereby providing insights for its clinical application.

OBJECTIVE To systematically analyze the compatibility stability of commonly used intravenous antibiotics in the intensive care unit （ICU）， and to provide evidence-based support for rational clinical drug use. METHODS Medication data from the ICU of Hebei General Hospital between January and December 2024 were extracted from the Prescription Automatic Screening System. Commonly used intravenous antibiotics and other intravenous drugs in the ICU were selected through consultations with critical care and pharmacy experts in Hebei province， drug package inserts and compatibility information retrieved from Micromedex， Trissel’s Injectable Drug Handbook and PubMed. The physicochemical stability of drug combinations was analyzed. In addition， Cytoscape 3.10.2 software was used to construct a drug compatibility network for identifying high-risk drugs. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS A total of 904 pairwise drug combinations involving 16 antibacterial agents and 65 intravenous drugs were collected. Among them， 549 combinations （60.7%） were compatible， 88 combinations （9.7%） were incompatible， 82 combinations （9.1%） had conflicting evidence， and 185 combinations （20.5%） lacked valid data support. High-risk combination drugs primarily involved Amphotericin B for injection， Ceftazidime for injection， Imipenem-cilastatin for injection， Ceftriaxone sodium for injection， Vancomycin hydrochloride for injection， etc. The main risk factors for drug-drug incompatibility included drug concentration， temperature， mixing rate， pH， and chemical structure. In clinical practice， drugs and diluents should be selected rationally based on specific compatibility data， and research and monitoring of drug compatibility should be further strengthened.

ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic value of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to investigate the changes in brain functional connectivity in default mode network (DMN) and medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions. MethodsLiteratures were retrieved from multiple databases including CNKI, PubMed, Medline, and Embase, etc. from January, 2020 to October, 2025, investigating the changes in functional connectivity of DMN and MTL in patients with MCI compared to health control (HC) using rs-fMRI. Two researchers independently screened and extracted the literatures and methodological quality was assessed using QUADAS-2. Review Manager 5.4 was used to perform a meta-analysis of neuroimaging indicators in MCI patients and HC subjects. Stata and SDM were utilized to summarize diagnostic efficacy and brain functional connectivity, calculating the over all sensitivity, specificity and summary receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (SROC-AUC). Deeks funnel plots were drawn, literature weights were analyzed, and subgroup analyses were conducted. ResultsA total of ten literatures were ultimately included, involving 1 010 patients with MCI and 1 714 HC subjects. MCI patients showed decreased or abnormal blood oxygen level dependence signals in DMN, focusing on bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex. The SROC-AUC was 0.91. In MTL, there was a characteristic decrease of spontaneous neural functional connectivities between the hippocampus and other regions, reflecting the obstruction of information transmission from episodic memory to the central nodes. Abnormal functional connectivity in DMN and MTL resulted in compensatory resting-state functional connectivity enhancement in other subnetworks or local functional connections, such as frontoparietal network and the hippocampal-parietal network. Abnormal activation of mPFC suggested atrophy of the hippocampus or abnormal brain function. The decline in functional connectivity between DMN and MTL indicated impairment of memory and information processing in the early stage. ConclusionThe early functional decoupling between DMN and MTL is a crucial neural mechanism at the MCI stage of AD, providing important neuroimaging evidence for the early diagnosis of AD.

Objective To analyze the disease burden and its changing trends of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (TBL) attributable to high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide key strategic evidence for the prevention and treatment of TBL. Methods Data related to TBL attributable to HFPG in China from 1990 to 2021 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 database, including mortality rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized rates, and other indicators. The Joinpoint regression model was applied to analyze the temporal trends of these indicators. Furthermore, the grey prediction model GM (1, 1) was used to forecast the disease burden of TBL attributable to HFPG in China from 2022 to 2031. Results From 1990 to 2021, the overall disease burden of TBL attributable to HFPG in China showed an upward trend. The total number of deaths, DALYs, crude mortality rate, age-standardized mortality rate, crude DALYs rate, and age-standardized DALYs rate increased from 4700, 121300 person-years, 0.40/100000, 0.61/100000, 10.31/100000, and 14.10/100000 in 1990 to 17400, 386500 person-years, 1.22/100000, 0.82/100000, 27.16/100000, and 17.72/100000 in 2021, with growth rates of 270.21%, 218.63%, 205.00%, 34.43%, 163.43%, and 25.67%, respectively. The increase rates among females were higher than those among males. Analysis using the Joinpoint regression model indicated that both the age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized DALYs rate exhibited a significant upward trend, with average annual percentage changes (AAPC) of 1.01% and 0.82%, respectively, during 1990-2021 (P<0.05). The disease burden across different age and gender groups generally increased from 1990 to 2021. Mortality and DALYs rates for both males and females rose with advancing age, with elderly individuals and males constituting the primary affected populations. The GM (1, 1) grey prediction model projected continued increases in mortality rate, age-standardized mortality rate, DALYs rate, and age-standardized DALYs rate of TBL attributable to HFPG in China from 2022 to 2031, reaching 1.64/100000, 1.06/100000, 36.45/100000, and 21.81/100000, respectively, by 2031. Conclusion The disease burden of TBL attributable to HFPG remains substantial in China from 1990 to 2021, with males and elderly populations bearing the highest burden. However, the growth rate of disease burden is faster among females compared to males. It is predicted that the disease burden will continue to rise over the next decade, necessitating enhanced focus on early diagnosis and treatment for women and older adults.

Objective:To study the effect of preoperative pancreatic duct stent placement in enucleation (EN) of pancreatic tumor adjacent to the main pancreatic duct (MPD).Methods:Clinical data of 56 patients with benign or borderline pancreatic tumor adjacent to the MPD undergoing EN in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2022 to September 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including 25 males and 31 females, aged (32.0±5.5) years. Among the patients, 35 (62.5%) were solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, 15 (26.8%) were neuroendocrine tumor, and 6 (10.7%) were serous cystic tumor. According to whether the pancreatic duct stent was placed through encoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography preoperatively, patients were divided into the stent group ( n=20, observation group) and no-stent group ( n=36, control group). The operation time, intraoperative pancreatic duct injury, tumor enucleation time and blood loss, grade B/C pancreatic fistula and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Results:All patients underwent EN successfully. The operation time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group [150.0 (143.5, 159.0) vs 158.0 (150.0, 180.0) min, Z=-2.08, P=0.031], and the rate of intraoperative MPD injury in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [10.0% (2/20) vs 38.9% (14/36), χ2=5.26, P=0.022]. The tumor enucleation time and blood loss were comparable between the two groups (both P>0.05). The rate of postoperative grade B/C pancreatic fistula in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [15.0% (3/20) vs 41.7% (15/36), χ2=4.19, P=0.041], and the postoperative hospital stay was also shorter in the observation group [(7.9±1.6) vs (9.3±2.1) d, t=-2.57, P=0.014]. Conclusion:Under the premise of matured endoscopic operation, preoperative pancreatic duct stent placement through ERCP in the EN of pancreatic tumor adjacent to the MPD can protect the MPD during operation, reduce the occurrence of postoperative grade B/C pancreatic fistula, and shorten the postoperative hospital stay.

Objective To integrate and analyze the disease burden of esophageal cancer caused by alcohol consumption in China from 1990 to 2019, along with the differences between genders, and predict the trends in disease burden changes from 2020 to 2029 to improve prevention and treatment strategies. Methods The disease burden of esophageal cancer caused by alcohol consumption in China from 1990 to 2019 was extracted and integrated from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, and the corresponding trend was analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model with Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 software. The gray prediction model [GM (1, 1) ] was used to forecast the disease burden of alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China from 2020 to 2029. Results In 2019, the leading causes of esophageal cancer in China were tobacco, alcohol, high body mass index, and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, accounting for the first to fifth positions in esophageal cancer deaths. From a gender perspective, in 2019, the death number and standardized mortality rate for males were 18.97 times and 20.00 times higher than for females, respectively. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and standardized DALYs rate for males were 33.08 times and 24.78 times higher than those for females, respectively, indicating a heavier disease burden of alcohol-related esophageal cancer among Chinese males. From 1990 to 2019, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in deaths and DALYs due to alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China was 2.08% and 1.63%, respectively, showing a continuous upward trend with statistical significance (P<0.05). The AAPC values for standardized mortality rate and standardized DALYs rate from 1990 to 2019 were –0.92% and –1.23%, respectively, showing a continuous downward trend with statistical significance (P<0.05). The population aged ≥55 years was the main group bearing the disease burden among all age groups from 1990 to 2019. The gray prediction model predicted that by 2029, the overall standardized mortality rate and standardized DALYs rate would decrease to 2.94/100 000and 67.94/100 000, with a greater decline in females than in males. Conclusion Over the past 30 years, the disease burden of alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China has slightly decreased. However, the reduction in disease burden is still lower compared to the overall decline in esophageal cancer burden, and the disease burden for males is significantly higher than for females. Focusing on prevention and treatment for males and the elderly population remains a major issue in addressing alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China.

ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic value of plasma C-C motif chemokine ligand 3（CCL3） levels in infectious diseases. MethodsThe study enrolled patients in hospital or outpatient service and individuals undergoing health check-ups at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from July to October 2023. Patients clinically diagnosed with infectious diseases were assigned to the experimental group， while those who were healthy or diagnosed with non-infectious diseases were included in the control group. After non-qualifying samples were excluded， residual blood specimens from complete blood count （CBC） tests were collected to measure the plasma CCL3 levels.The CBC parameters including white blood cell count （WBC）， neutrophils count （NEUT）， eosinophils count （EOS），etc， and the plasma CCL3 levels were analyzed between the infectious and control groups to evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of CCL3 in infectious diseases. ResultsA total of 257 cases were enrolled， with 167 in the experimental group （active infections confirmed via clinical symptoms， CBC， inflammatory markers， or etiological examinations） and 90 in the control group （confirmed absence of active infections）. The experimental group exhibited higher levels of WBC， NEUT and CCL3 than the control group， while the lymphocytes count（LYMPH）， EOS in the experimental group were lower， with statistical significance （P<0.001） in univariate analysis. By using these significantly different indicators as independent variables， logistics regression modeling identified WBC， NEUT and CCL3 as independent risk factors for infection. Receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve analysis revealed superior diagnostic performance of CCL3 over WBC and NEUT， while LYMP and EOS showed no diagnostic performance. The area under the curve （AUC） for CCL3 was 0.844 （95% CI： 0.795， 0.892）， with a sensitivity of 84.4%， a specificity of 69.8%， and an optimal threshold of 106.405 ng/mL. ConclusionPlasma CCL3 levels have clinical diagnostic value in predicting infectious diseases and may serve as a potential clinical biomarker for detecting infectious diseases.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence trends of different types of elevated blood pressure and their association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2024, providing references for targeted prevention strategies. Methods: From September 2019 to 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 12 primary and secondary schools from each league city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 177 108, 137 758, 190 182, 180 084 , 188 056, 180 351 primary and secondary school students (excluding grades one to three of primary school) were included for physical examination. The correlation between their nutritional status and high blood pressure was analyzed based on the basic situation of 129 821 primary and secondary school students who completed a questionnaire survey at the same time in 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model. Results: From 2019 to 2024, the detection rates of elevated blood pressure were 13.60%, 13.68%, 17.60%, 17.24%, 14.77% and 15.96%, respectively. The rates for isolated systolic hypertension were 4.24%, 5.83%, 7.26%, 7.19%, 6.24% and 6.93%; isolated diastolic hypertension rates were 6.38%, 4.99%, 6.23 %, 6.41%, 5.39% and 5.66%; and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension rates were 2.97%, 2.86%, 4.11%, 3.65%, 3.14 % and 3.36%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, junior high school, senior high school, overweight, and obesity were positively associated with elevated blood pressure risk ( OR =1.27, 1.25, 1.32, 1.66, 3.07, all P <0.05); conversely, county residence, Mongolian ethnicity, and other ethnicities showed negative associations ( OR =0.90, 0.93, 0.90, all P <0.05). Conclusions Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are closely related to various types of elevated blood pressure. Prevention strategies should prioritize effectively controlling weight issues among children and adolescents, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of elevated blood pressure.

BACKGROUND: The incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer remain on the rise, creating an urgent need for screening among high-risk populations and early prevention. This study aims to explore the association and interaction between multidimensional lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and the incidence of lung cancer, and to provide scientific evidence for screening high-risk populations and preventing lung cancer. METHODS: Healthy lifestyle score was constructed using information on smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, diet and sleep obtained through a questionnaire survey. Socioeconomic status was evaluated based on information on education, employment, and family income, and genetic testing data were used to assess the risk of genetic variation. A proportional hazards assumption test was conducted, and the Cox proportional hazards model was applied to analyze the associations between healthy lifestyle scores, socioeconomic status, and lung cancer, as well as the interactions among various factors, after adjusting for the risk of genetic variation, age, gender, diabetes, hypertension and the living environment score. RESULTS: A total of 245,538 samples that entered the cohort from March, 2006 to October, 2010 were included and followed up until December 31, 2022. The participants were divided into the case group (n=1472) and the control group (n=244,066). The analysis results showed that after adjusting for covariates, there was still an association between the healthy lifestyle score, socioeconomic status, and the incidence of lung cancer: compared with participants with a high healthy lifestyle score, the risk of lung cancer in participants with medium and low healthy lifestyle scores was significantly increased, with hazard ratios (HR) of 2.12 (95%CI: 1.86-2.41) and 3.36 (95%CI: 2.82-3.99) respectively; compared with participants with high socioeconomic status, the risk of lung cancer in participants with medium and low socioeconomic status was significantly increased, with HR of 1.29 (95%CI: 1.13-1.48) and 1.67 (95%CI: 1.46-1.90) respectively. Moreover, there were interactions between smoking status and socioeconomic status (Pfor interaction=0.05), as well as the other four lifestyle factors (Pfor interaction=0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study identified the association between multidimensional lifestyle factors and socioeconomic status with the incidence of lung cancer, as well as interactions between smoking and socioeconomic status and four other lifestyle factors, providing a scientific basis for screening and prevention in high-risk populations for lung cancer.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Incidence ; Life Style ; Social Class ; Aged ; Adult ; Risk Factors