Polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age. Hyperandrogenism （HA）， one of its core pathological features， is closely associated with the clinical manifestations and metabolic complications of the disease. Current western medical treatments for PCOS-HA mainly include anti-androgen therapy and ovulation induction， such as short-acting oral contraceptives like Diane-35 and Yasmin. However， long-term use of these medications may result in adverse reactions like increasing the risk of liver dysfunction and exacerbating lipid metabolism disorders， with unsatisfactory long-term efficacy when used alone. Traditional Chinese medicine offers unique advantages in the treatment of PCOS-HA due to its holistic approach and multi-target regulatory mechanisms. In the view of traditional Chinese medicine， PCOS-HA is classified under the categories such as "delayed menstruation"， "amenorrhea"， and "infertility"， with kidney deficiency as the root， as well as liver stagnation and spleen deficiency as the manifestations. Phlegm and blood stasis are considered to be intertwined throughout the disease course. Modern studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine is significantly effective in improving the androgen levels， restoring ovulation， and improving insulin resistance in PCOS-HA patients. Representative prescriptions， such as Erxian Tang， Jiawei Xiaoyaosan， Guizhi Fulingwan， and Cangfu Daotantang， exert therapeutic effects through various mechanisms including regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis， reduction of ovarian androgen synthase activity， improvement of insulin signaling pathways， and inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress， which demonstrates the characteristics of comprehensive treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the perspectives of etiology and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine， modern medical cognition， typical prescriptions， and action mechanisms， this paper reviewed the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of PCOS-HA， aiming to provide a reference for in-depth research and clinical applications in this field.

Polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age. Hyperandrogenism （HA）， one of its core pathological features， is closely associated with the clinical manifestations and metabolic complications of the disease. Current western medical treatments for PCOS-HA mainly include anti-androgen therapy and ovulation induction， such as short-acting oral contraceptives like Diane-35 and Yasmin. However， long-term use of these medications may result in adverse reactions like increasing the risk of liver dysfunction and exacerbating lipid metabolism disorders， with unsatisfactory long-term efficacy when used alone. Traditional Chinese medicine offers unique advantages in the treatment of PCOS-HA due to its holistic approach and multi-target regulatory mechanisms. In the view of traditional Chinese medicine， PCOS-HA is classified under the categories such as "delayed menstruation"， "amenorrhea"， and "infertility"， with kidney deficiency as the root， as well as liver stagnation and spleen deficiency as the manifestations. Phlegm and blood stasis are considered to be intertwined throughout the disease course. Modern studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine is significantly effective in improving the androgen levels， restoring ovulation， and improving insulin resistance in PCOS-HA patients. Representative prescriptions， such as Erxian Tang， Jiawei Xiaoyaosan， Guizhi Fulingwan， and Cangfu Daotantang， exert therapeutic effects through various mechanisms including regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis， reduction of ovarian androgen synthase activity， improvement of insulin signaling pathways， and inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress， which demonstrates the characteristics of comprehensive treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the perspectives of etiology and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine， modern medical cognition， typical prescriptions， and action mechanisms， this paper reviewed the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of PCOS-HA， aiming to provide a reference for in-depth research and clinical applications in this field.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have provided compelling evidence that exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) can adversely affect human health. We aim to explore the potential impact of BFRs on adiposity and central obesity. METHODS: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) cycles conducted between 2009 and 2014 was used to study the connections between variables. After filtering, we analyzed a sample of 4,110 adults aged 20 years and above. Our goal was to examine the potential association between BFRs and consequences and investigate the part played by oxidative stress and inflammatory markers as intermediaries. To achieve this, we used advanced statistical methods such as weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile-based g-computation (QGC), and the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). RESULTS: The findings showed that among the examined chemicals, exposure to PBDE85 (weight: 41%), PBDE100 (24%), and PBB153 (23%) may be the dominant contributors to general obesity risk. Upon controlling for all variables that could impact the results, it was found that the QGC outcomes indicated a positive correlation between exposure to mixtures of brominated flame retardants and the occurrence of abdominal obesity (OR = 1.187, 95% CI: 1.056-1.334, p = 0.004). Significant contributions were made by PBDE85 (52%), PBB153 (27%), and PBDE100 (21%). Mediation analysis shows that lymphatic cells (LC) and albumin (ALB) partially mediate the link between brominated flame retardants and obesity. The results of BKMR are generally consistent with those of WQS and QGC. CONCLUSION At a population level, our research has revealed a noteworthy correlation between BFRs and obesity. However, further investigation is required through prospective cohort studies and in-depth mechanistic exploratory studies.
Humans ; Flame Retardants/adverse effects* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Inflammation/epidemiology* ; Obesity/chemically induced* ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Nutrition Surveys ; Mediation Analysis ; Young Adult ; United States/epidemiology* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Aged ; Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects* ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/adverse effects*

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease predominantly affecting the elderly and is characterized by cartilage degradation, synovitis, and subchondral bone sclerosis. Despite its widespread occurrence, no effective pharmacological interventions currently exist to halt or reverse disease progression. Polyphenolic compounds, a diverse class of plant-derived substances, have attracted considerable attention for their potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the multifaceted roles of polyphenols in OA. Specifically, polyphenols protect chondrocytes and preserve the extracellular matrix by mitigating oxidative stress, suppressing inflammation, regulating autophagy and cholesterol metabolism, and inhibiting programmed cell death pathways, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Furthermore, they exert protective effects on synovial tissue by regulating macrophage polarization and inhibiting pathogenic fibroblast activation, while also contributing to the maintenance of subchondral bone homeostasis. Recent progress in nanotechnology-based delivery systems, designed to overcome the poor solubility and limited bioavailability of polyphenols, is also highlighted. Collectively, this review integrates mechanistic insights with emerging therapeutic strategies, underscoring the potential of polyphenolic compounds as disease-modifying agents for OA.

Objective To detect the adverse drug reaction(ADR)signals of tetracycline representative drugs(tetracy-cline,minocycline,tigecycline,and doxycycline)in children,and to provide reference for safe clinical medication.Methods A total of 34 quarters of ADE report data related to four tetracyclines from the first quarter of 2015 to the second quarter of 2023 in the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)were collected and grouped according to the age of minor children.The re-port odds ratio(ROR)method and the comprehensive standard method(MHRA)were used for signal mining.Results A to-tal of 367 461 reports were retrieved from the FAERS database for all minor children under 18 years old.There were 43,583,40 and 501 reports related to tetracycline,minocycline,tigecycline and doxycycline,respectively.A total of 280 ADE signals were de-tected after deduplication,involving 22 system organ classifications.Tetracycline was concentrated in the gastrointestinal system and various nervous systems.Minocycline was mainly in the hepatobiliary system,endocrine system,and subcutaneous and subcu-taneous tissue diseases.Tigecycline was involved in the gastrointestinal system,systemic diseases and various reactive diseases at the administration site,Doxycycline was concentrated in the gastrointestinal system,mental illness,skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases.And it was found that psychosis was not involved in adverse reactions.Adverse reactions not included in the instructions include blindness and papilledema caused by minocycline,hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis caused by tigecycline,Bell's palsy,growth retardation,blindness,depression,suicidal thoughts and anxiety caused by doxycycline.Conclusions In different age groups of minor children,there are some differences in ADR among the four tetracycline drugs.ADR should be strictly monitored when using tetracycline drugs in all children.While paying attention to the effects of these drugs on children's teeth and bones,other ADE should also be vigilant,such as Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction,acne,thyroiditis,headache.The newly discovered involvement of systemic organs and AE can provide a reference for improving the adverse reactions of tetracycline-representative drugs to ensure the treatment safety of patients.

Objective To explore the effect of chrysin on intestinal flora in mice with alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Methods Mice were randomly assigned to normal control group,ALD model group,Silymarin group,chrysin low-dose group,chrysin high-dose group(25,50 mg·kg-1).The mice were fed with alcoholic liquid diet and a single dose of alcohol(5 g·kg-1)for eight weeks to establish the ALD model.After eight weeks of oral administration,each group's serum and plasma lipids and liver function indices were collected and detected using kits;then collected the liver and observed the pathological changes of the liver using HE staining;meanwhile,intestinal contents were collected and changes in mouse gut flora were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing.Results Compared with the ALD group,the level of aspartate transaminase(AST),alanine transaminase(ALT)and triacylglycerol(TG)of low-dose and high-dose chrysin groups were significantly reduced,and it can alleviate liver cell steatosis and inflammatory reactions caused by alcohol.16S rDNA results showed that the total number and types of intestinal flora in the ethanol group were significantly reduced,as well as a change in the dominant genus to Escherichia-Shigella and Akkermansia.Compared to the ALD model group,the Shannon index of the intestinal microbiota increased significantly in mice treated with low and high doses of chrysin.In addition,at the phylum and genus level,the abundance of the high-dose chrysin group increased significantly,resulting in an overall increase in the total number and amount of microbiota.The abundance of dominant bacterial groups,such as Oscillospirales,irmicutes,andAlloprevotella,was also significantly increased.Conclusion Chrysin may exert therapeutic effects on ALD by improving intestinal flora imbalance in ALD mice.

Objective To detect the adverse drug reaction(ADR)signals of tetracycline representative drugs(tetracy-cline,minocycline,tigecycline,and doxycycline)in children,and to provide reference for safe clinical medication.Methods A total of 34 quarters of ADE report data related to four tetracyclines from the first quarter of 2015 to the second quarter of 2023 in the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)were collected and grouped according to the age of minor children.The re-port odds ratio(ROR)method and the comprehensive standard method(MHRA)were used for signal mining.Results A to-tal of 367 461 reports were retrieved from the FAERS database for all minor children under 18 years old.There were 43,583,40 and 501 reports related to tetracycline,minocycline,tigecycline and doxycycline,respectively.A total of 280 ADE signals were de-tected after deduplication,involving 22 system organ classifications.Tetracycline was concentrated in the gastrointestinal system and various nervous systems.Minocycline was mainly in the hepatobiliary system,endocrine system,and subcutaneous and subcu-taneous tissue diseases.Tigecycline was involved in the gastrointestinal system,systemic diseases and various reactive diseases at the administration site,Doxycycline was concentrated in the gastrointestinal system,mental illness,skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases.And it was found that psychosis was not involved in adverse reactions.Adverse reactions not included in the instructions include blindness and papilledema caused by minocycline,hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis caused by tigecycline,Bell's palsy,growth retardation,blindness,depression,suicidal thoughts and anxiety caused by doxycycline.Conclusions In different age groups of minor children,there are some differences in ADR among the four tetracycline drugs.ADR should be strictly monitored when using tetracycline drugs in all children.While paying attention to the effects of these drugs on children's teeth and bones,other ADE should also be vigilant,such as Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction,acne,thyroiditis,headache.The newly discovered involvement of systemic organs and AE can provide a reference for improving the adverse reactions of tetracycline-representative drugs to ensure the treatment safety of patients.

Objective To explore the effect of chrysin on intestinal flora in mice with alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Methods Mice were randomly assigned to normal control group,ALD model group,Silymarin group,chrysin low-dose group,chrysin high-dose group(25,50 mg·kg-1).The mice were fed with alcoholic liquid diet and a single dose of alcohol(5 g·kg-1)for eight weeks to establish the ALD model.After eight weeks of oral administration,each group's serum and plasma lipids and liver function indices were collected and detected using kits;then collected the liver and observed the pathological changes of the liver using HE staining;meanwhile,intestinal contents were collected and changes in mouse gut flora were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing.Results Compared with the ALD group,the level of aspartate transaminase(AST),alanine transaminase(ALT)and triacylglycerol(TG)of low-dose and high-dose chrysin groups were significantly reduced,and it can alleviate liver cell steatosis and inflammatory reactions caused by alcohol.16S rDNA results showed that the total number and types of intestinal flora in the ethanol group were significantly reduced,as well as a change in the dominant genus to Escherichia-Shigella and Akkermansia.Compared to the ALD model group,the Shannon index of the intestinal microbiota increased significantly in mice treated with low and high doses of chrysin.In addition,at the phylum and genus level,the abundance of the high-dose chrysin group increased significantly,resulting in an overall increase in the total number and amount of microbiota.The abundance of dominant bacterial groups,such as Oscillospirales,irmicutes,andAlloprevotella,was also significantly increased.Conclusion Chrysin may exert therapeutic effects on ALD by improving intestinal flora imbalance in ALD mice.

Due to the fact that the articular cartilage of children's joints has not yet been fully ossified, visualizing the adjacent anatomical structures during the clinical diagnosis and treatment of joint diseases and injuries in children is a challenging issue. Arthrography is an efficient, convenient, and minimally invasive technique, and is particularly crucial for the visualization of children's hip joints. Currently, arthrography technology is widely employed during surgeries for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and in recent years, numerous studies have concentrated on the efficacy of joint angiography, exploring its assessment and predictive roles during and after the operation. We review the overview of hip joint arthrography techniques, such as the concept of arthrography, the selection of access routes for hip joint arthrography, the process of hip joint arthrography, the dosage and operation of contrast agents, and the adverse reactions of contrast agents; the use of hip joint arthrography to evaluate the quality of closed reduction; the use of hip joint arthrography to predict the future development and outcome of the acetabulum after closed reduction; the use of hip joint arthrography in the study of open reduction or osteotomy; the use of hip joint arthrography to observe the morphology of soft tissues in the hip joint; the use of hip joint arthrography in combination with nuclear magnetic resonance to observe the anatomical structure of the acetabular labrum. Summarizing the research results of arthrography for evaluating the corresponding indicators of the hip joint helps improve the matching between the femoral head and the acetabulum and the accuracy of evaluating the quality of reduction, uncovers identifying factors such as labrum varus that hinder concentric reduction, enhances the ability to predict the development and outcome of the acetabulum, and has significant guiding significance for the precise selection of the timing of surgical intervention for early and residual deformities in children with DDH. Exploring the application of arthrography technology in evaluating the quality of closed reduction in DDH and predicting the development of the acetabulum after reduction is expected to provide meaningful references for orthopedic surgeons in the current clinical diagnosis, treatment, and research of DDH.

In order to better control the quality of Flos Puerariae(FP),qualitative and quantitative analyses were initially performed by using chemical fingerprint and chemometrics methods in this study.First,the fingerprint of FP was developed by HPLC and the chemical markers were screened out by similarity analysis(SA),hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA),principal components analysis(PCA),and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).Next,the chemical constituents in FP were profiled and identified by HPLC coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(HPLC-FT-ICR MS).Then,the characteristic constituents in FP were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC.As a result,31 common peaks were assigned in the fingerprint and 6 of them were considered as qualitative markers.A total of 35 chemical constituents were detected by HPLC-FT-ICR MS and 16 of them were unambiguously identified by comparing retention time,UV absorption wavelength,accurate mass,and MS/MS data with those of reference standards.Subsequently,the contents of glycitin,genistin,tectoridin,glycitein,genistein,and tectorigenin in 13 batches of FP were detected,ranging from 0.4438 to 11.06 mg/g,0.955 to 1.726 mg/g,9.81 to 57.22 mg/g,3.349 to 41.60 mg/g,0.3576 to 0.989 mg/g,and 2.126 to 9.99 mg/g,respectively.In conclusion,fingerprint analysis in combination with chemometrics methods could discover chemical markers for improving the quality control standard of FP.It is expected that the strategy applied in this study will be valuable for further quality control of other traditional Chinese medicines.