The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome

The vagina contains at least a billion microbial cells,dominated by lactobacilli.Here we perform metagenomic shotgun sequencing on cervical and fecal samples from a cohort of 516 Chinese women of reproductive age,as well as cervical,fecal,and salivary samples from a second cohort of 632 women.Factors such as pregnancy history,delivery history,cesarean section,and breastfeeding were all more important than menstrual cycle in shaping the microbiome,and such information would be necessary before trying to interpret differences between vagino-cervical micro-biome data.Greater proportion of Bifidobacterium breve was seen with older age at sexual debut.The relative abundance of lactobacilli especially Lactobacillus crispatus was negatively associated with pregnancy history.Potential markers for lack of menstrual regularity,heavy flow,dysmenor-rhea,and contraceptives were also identified.Lactobacilli were rare during breastfeeding or post-menopause.Other features such as mood fluctuations and facial speckles could potentially be predicted from the vagino-cervical microbiome.Gut and salivary microbiomes,plasma vitamins,metals,amino acids,and hormones showed associations with the vagino-cervical microbiome.Our results offer an unprecedented glimpse into the microbiota of the female reproductive tract and call for international collaborations to better understand its long-term health impact other than in the settings of infection or pre-term birth.

Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1 (CGL1) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in AGPAT2 gene. The main clinical mainifestations include body subcutaneous fat loss, muscle hypertrophy, obvious subcutaneous veins, pseudoacromegaly, hirsutism, and acanthosis nigricans. What′s more, CGL1 is always accompanied by metabolic diseases. Therefore, it is easily misdiagnosed as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, acromegaly, or Cushing′s syndrome. Meanwhile, it is difficult to distinguish it from partial lipoatrophy syndrome. In this article, we present clinical and molecular characteristics of a patient with CGL1 and review mutations reported in literature to replenish current knowledge about this orphan disease.

Objective To examine the characteristics of spontaneous activity of brain regions in bipolar Ⅱ depression patients by using resting state fMRI technology, and explore the pathogenesis of bipolarⅡdepression.Methods In total 21 bipolarⅡdepression patients(BD group)and 21 gender-,age-and education-matched healthy controls(HC group)were recruited.The patients were diagnosed according to the DSM-Ⅳ criteria, and the symptoms were evaluated by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), HAMD17and HAMA. The resting-state data was collected via a 3.0 T GE MRI, and was analyzed using an amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF)approach,and two-samples t test was used to analyze the difference between BD group and HC group.Correlation analysis was used between the mean value of ALFF in brain regions which were significantly different from the other regions and the depression severity. The brain areas that were significantly different from the other brain regions were regarded as regions of interest,and were made functional connectivity with the whole brain.The functional connectivity was compared between the two groups to explore the impaired emotional network in bipolar Ⅱdepression. Results The ALFFs of left paracentral lobule(t=3.80),right precuneus(t=3.54)and right precentral gyrus(t=3.66) in BD group were significantly higher than HC group(all P<0.05, GRF correction). In BD group, the ALFFs of the left orbital frontal gyrus (r=0.75) and right orbital frontal gyrus (r=0.80) were positively correlated with the HAMA score.The ALFFs of bilateral gyri rectus(r=0.73)and brain regions near the left insular lobe (r=0.74) were positively correlated with the HAMD17score. The ALFF of region 2 of right cerebellar peduncles (r=-0.65) was negatively correlated with the MADRS score(all P<0.05). The functional connectivity between paracentral lobule, precuneus, precentral gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate gyrus together with its lateral gyrus in BD group was significantly increased relative to HC group (t=4.47,4.07; both P<0.05), while the functional connectivity between the right rectangular shape crack and the cortex around was decreased in BD group (t=4.54,P<0.05). Conclusion In bipolar Ⅱ depression patients, the brain function of left paracentral lobule, right precuneus and right precentral gyrus may be impaired and correlated with severity of depressive.

Objective To examine the characteristics of spontaneous activity of brain regions in bipolar Ⅱ depression patients by using resting state fMRI technology, and explore the pathogenesis of bipolarⅡdepression.Methods In total 21 bipolarⅡdepression patients(BD group)and 21 gender-,age-and education-matched healthy controls(HC group)were recruited.The patients were diagnosed according to the DSM-Ⅳ criteria, and the symptoms were evaluated by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), HAMD17and HAMA. The resting-state data was collected via a 3.0 T GE MRI, and was analyzed using an amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF)approach,and two-samples t test was used to analyze the difference between BD group and HC group.Correlation analysis was used between the mean value of ALFF in brain regions which were significantly different from the other regions and the depression severity. The brain areas that were significantly different from the other brain regions were regarded as regions of interest,and were made functional connectivity with the whole brain.The functional connectivity was compared between the two groups to explore the impaired emotional network in bipolar Ⅱdepression. Results The ALFFs of left paracentral lobule(t=3.80),right precuneus(t=3.54)and right precentral gyrus(t=3.66) in BD group were significantly higher than HC group(all P<0.05, GRF correction). In BD group, the ALFFs of the left orbital frontal gyrus (r=0.75) and right orbital frontal gyrus (r=0.80) were positively correlated with the HAMA score.The ALFFs of bilateral gyri rectus(r=0.73)and brain regions near the left insular lobe (r=0.74) were positively correlated with the HAMD17score. The ALFF of region 2 of right cerebellar peduncles (r=-0.65) was negatively correlated with the MADRS score(all P<0.05). The functional connectivity between paracentral lobule, precuneus, precentral gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate gyrus together with its lateral gyrus in BD group was significantly increased relative to HC group (t=4.47,4.07; both P<0.05), while the functional connectivity between the right rectangular shape crack and the cortex around was decreased in BD group (t=4.54,P<0.05). Conclusion In bipolar Ⅱ depression patients, the brain function of left paracentral lobule, right precuneus and right precentral gyrus may be impaired and correlated with severity of depressive.