ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of action of flavonoid combination of Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma （A. officinarum） against Helicobacter pylori （H. pylori） gastritis in mice. MethodsAfter acclimatization for one week， 56 SPF-grade healthy C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with mixed antibiotics for three consecutive days. They were randomly divided into a normal group， model group， positive drug group （triple therapy group）， and low- and high-dose groups （100， 200 mg·kg^-1） of flavonoid combination of A. officinarum. The H. pylori gastritis mice model was established by gavage with H. pylori bacterial suspension in each group except for the normal group. After successful modeling， mice were administrated with corresponding drugs once a day for two weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in gastric tissue. Rapid urease test paper was used to detect the positive rate of H. pylori. Silver staining was used to observe the H. pylori adherence on the surface of gastric tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of interleukin-8 （IL）-8 and myeloid differentiation factor （MyD88） in gastric tissue. The serum levels of IL-6， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， IL-8， and IL-1β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） protein were detected by Western blot. ResultsCompared with those in the normal group， mice in the model group had lower gastric weight coefficients， higher pH of gastric juice， 100% H. pylori infection rate， and significantly changed gastric histopathology. The expressions of IL-8 and MyD88 proteins in the gastric tissue of mice in the model group were significantly elevated， and the serum levels of inflammatory factors IL-6， TNF-α， IL-8， and IL-1β were significantly up-regulated in mice. Compared with that in the model group， the gastric weight coefficient of mice in each treatment group of the flavonoid combinations of A. officinarum was elevated （P<0.01）， and the pH of gastric juice was reduced （P<0.01）. The infection rate of H. pylori was reduced. The expressions of IL-8 and MyD88 proteins in the gastric tissue of mice in the treatment groups were significantly reduced （P<0.01）， and the serum levels of inflammatory factors IL-6， TNF-α， IL-8， and IL-1β were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.01）. The flavonoid combinations of A. officinarum down-regulated the expression of PI3K and Akt proteins in H. pylori gastritis-infected cells （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe protective effect of flavonoid combinations of A. officinarum against H. pylori gastritis is associated with the inhibition of H. pylori infection rate and regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， resulting in inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of "Internet plus" continuous intervention on psychological status and nursing satisfaction of patients with depression after hospital discharge, so as to provide the reference for reducing the recurrence risk of patients with depression and improving the quality of life. Methods: From January to December 2024, patients with mild to moderate depression who were hospitalized in a tertiary grade-a mental health specialized hospital in Wenzhou City and met the discharge criteria were selected as the research objects. The patients were divided into the control group and the intervention group according to a ratio of 1∶1 by the random number table method. Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Nursing Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to evaluate depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and nursing satisfaction before and after intervention. Covariance analysis was used to compare the differences between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 62 patients with mild to moderate depression were enrolled, with 31 patients in the intervention group and 31 patients in the control group. Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, course of disease, educational level, marital status, depression symptoms score, anxiety symptoms score, and nursing satisfaction score between the two groups (all P>0.05). After the intervention, the scores of depression and anxiety symptoms in the intervention group decreased by 8.87 and 5.01 points, respectively, compared with those before the intervention, and the scores of depression and anxiety symptoms in the control group decreased by 2.52 and 1.16 points, respectively (all P<0.05). After the intervention, the scores of depression and anxiety symptoms in the intervention group decreased more than those in the control group (both P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction score of the intervention group increased by 6.57 points on average compared with that before the intervention, and that of the control group increased by 4.23 points on average (both P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the increase of nursing satisfaction scores between the two groups before and after intervention (P>0.05). Conclusion The "Internet plus" continuous intervention has a good effect on improving the depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms of patients with depression after haspital discharge, which can consolidate the treatment effect and improve nursing satisfaction.

Natural products (NPs) have long held a significant position in various fields such as medicine, food, agriculture, and materials. The chemical space covered by NPs is extensive but often underexplored. Therefore, high-throughput and efficient methodologies for the annotation and discovery of NPs are desired to address the complexity and diversity of NP-based systems. Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a powerful platform for the annotation and discovery of NPs. MS databases provide vital support for the structural characterization of NPs by integrating extensive mass spectral data and sample information. Additionally, the released annotation methodologies, based on a variety of informatics tools, continuously improve the ability to annotate the structure and properties of compounds. This review examines the current mainstream databases and annotation methodologies, focusing on their advantages and limitations. Prospects for future technological advancements are then discussed in terms of novel applications and research objectives. Through a systematic overview, this review aims to provide valuable insights and a reference for MS-based NPs annotation, thereby promoting the discovery of novel natural entities.
Biological Products/chemistry* ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Discovery/methods* ; Humans

Da Chaihutang from the Treatise on Febrile Disease （Shanghanlun） has the function of harmonizing lesser Yang and discharging internal heat. It is formulated by ZHANG Zhongjing for the concurrent diseases of lesser Yang and Yang brightness and has been widely used in the treatment of digestive system diseases， especially malignant tumors. By review of the articles published in the last 20 years， this paper summarizes the application of Da Chaihutang in treating digestive system tumors from syndrome analysis， clinical research， and mechanism research. Da Chaihutang can treat the syndrome involving lesser Yang and Yang brightness in the digestive system， release interior and exterior to expel pathogen， and remove obstruction by conforming to the descending nature of the six fu-organs. In clinical practice， Da Chaihutang can directly treat digestive system malignant tumors such as liver cancer， pancreatic cancer， intestinal cancer， gastric cancer， and gallbladder cancer. In addition， it can relieve common complications of digestive system malignant tumors， such as cancerous fever， malignant obstructive jaundice， and constipation. Moreover， it can alleviate the adverse reactions caused by Western medical treatment， such as post-embolization syndrome， side effects of chemotherapy， and incomplete postoperative obstruction. Da Chaihutang is effective when used alone as it can relieve clinical symptoms， improve prognosis， and prolong survival of advanced patients and is safe and non-toxic， suitable for long-term use by tumor patients. Regarding the mechanism， Da Chaihutang can promote the apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells， reduce inflammation and inflammatory injury， and improve the liver function. The clear effect and mechanism confirms the anti-tumor effect of Da Chaihutang. This paper comprehensively describes the current research status of Da Chaihutang in the treatment of digestive system tumors and puts forward the deficiencies and improvement measures for the current research， aiming to provide reference for the application of this formula in treating digestive system tumors， the establishment of Chinese and Western medicine treatment schemes of tumors， and the research and development of anti-tumor drugs.

Particle radiotherapy is a new type of radiotherapy with superior targeting and precision for more accurate radiotherapy.Considering the complexity of the particle beams and the different lesion sites and physique of patients,a high-precision beam monitoring system which enables the monitoring of the spatial and energy distributions of the beams,such as position,dose and other important parameters,is needed to ensure the efficacy of particle radiotherapy.The beam monitoring system plays a crucial role in the safety and accuracy of particle therapy.By monitoring vital parameters such as the position and dose of the beams,the treatment plan can be adjusted in real-time,thus ensuring accurate lesion irradiation while minimizing the effects on the surrounding healthy tissues.Consequently,the development and validation of such a beam monitoring system are essential in particle radiotherapy.Herein the advances in beam monitoring for quality assurance for particle therapy are summarized.It gives a brief description of particle radiotherapy,emphasizing the significance of beam monitoring systems for particle radiotherapy,focuses on the development of particle beam monitoring and introduces different types of detectors,along with their applications and research advancements,and explores the future development trend of beam monitoring system and potential challenges it may face.

Schizophrenia is a common chronic mental disorder.Cognitive dysfunction is one of its core symptoms,which severely affects the social functioning of patients.Currently,antipsychotic medication treatments have poor efficacy in improving cognitive functions.Recent studies have found that metformin can improve cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.However,the mechanism of action remains unclear.This review summarizes the therapeutic effects of metformin on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients such as improving insulin resistance,repairing neuronal damage,regulating neuroimmunity,and combating oxidative stress,thereby providing new insights for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Based on literature research and Delphi method, the curative effect evaluation criteria of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) edema were revised, in order to promote the standardization construction of the curative effect evaluation of edema and strengthen the research on the revision technology of TCM standards. From January 1, 1994 to July 1, 2021, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (Chongqing VIP), Chinese Academic Periodical Database (Wanfang Data) and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) were searched, and 221 articles were included. Then the questionnaire item pool was constructed after extracting the contents of the articles. Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert questionnaire survey. And then the concentration degree and coordination degree of expert opinions were counted and analyzed to screen out the content to be revised and the indicators to be included in the revised version, so as to form the revised version of curative effect evaluation criteria of edema. A total of 32 experts participated in this study, and the positive coefficient of experts in the first round was 84.21%, and the positive coefficient of experts in the second round was 78.13%. The mean value ( Xˉ), full score ratio, rank sum, coefficient of variation ( CV), Kendall's coefficient of concordace (Kendall's W) were used to select the questionnaire items. Kendall's W of the second round of expert questionnaire survey was 0.368, P=0.000, higher than that of the first round, and 11 items were finally included in the curative effect evaluation. The CV of the included items in the second round of the questionnaire is lower than that in the first round, and Kendall's W was higher than that in the first round, and the expert opinions tend to be unified. Consensus was reached after the expert discussion meeting, and the revised version of curative effect evaluation criteria of edema has been preliminarily formed.

Objective To evaluate the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)(AECOPD)status via combining clinical data,lung function parameters with CT radiomic features based on machine learning method.Methods A total of 343 COPD patients,including 158 AECOPD patients and 185 non-AECOPD patients were retrospectively selected and randomly divided into training and testing sets at a ratio of 7∶3.The radiomics features were calculated after automatically delineating the whole lung volume of interest(VOI).Five machine learning methods were used to construct the AECOPD diagnostic model,then the corresponding Radiomics score(Rad-score)was calculated in the training set and was validated in the testing set.The logistic-combined model was established after integrating age,Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD)classification,vital capacity(VC),forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),FEV1％pred,FEV1/FVC％,peak expiratory flow(PEF),maximum ventilatory volume(MVV),and Rad-score value.The area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was calculated to evaluate the evaluated performance of all models.Results The logistic regression model had the best diagnostic performance,with AUC of 0.724 and 0.758 in the training and testing sets,respectively.The performance of the logistic-combined model to diagnose AECOPD was superior to that of the single logistic regression model,with the AUC of 0.777 and 0.760 in the training and testing sets,respectively.Conclusion A combination strategy including clinical data,lung function parameters,and CT radiomics may be helpful to diagnose AECOPD status,with moderate diagnostic performance.

Objective To screen the anti-Helicobacter pylori gastritis active components of the ethyl acetate extract of Alpinia officinarum Hance.Methods The"knock-out"strategy combined with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)detection was developed to separate the components of the ethyl acetate extract of A.officinarum while obtaining the negative samples without the components.A human gastric epithelial cell(GES-1)model of H.pylori gastritis was established,and the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-8(IL-8)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in the supernatant of the cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The total flavonoid fraction,the negative fraction without total diphenylheptanoids,the negative fraction without 5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone(DHPA),and galangin significantly reduced IL-6 levels in the supernatant of H.pylori infected GES-1 cells at a concentration of 8 μg·mL-1 with 24 h incubation.The total flavonoid fraction strongly inhibited the release of IL-6,TNF-α,IL-8,and IL-1β from H.pylori gastritis GES-1 cells at a concentration of 16 μg·mL-1.Conclusions The total flavonoid fraction is the major anti-H.pylori gastritis active component of the ethyl acetate extract of A.officinarum.The results lay the foundation for further elucidation of the material basis of A.officnarum against H.pylori gastritis.

Objective To construct a diagnostic model for the phlegm-dampness obstruction syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease stable angina pectoris(CSAP);To provide a reference for clinical syndrome differentiation.Methods Totally 305 patients'clinical data were collected from the Department of Cardiology,Dongying Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,from May 2022 to January 2024.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)was used to select features,and multiple models were constructed and compared using machine learning(ML)algorithms.The optimal ML model was selected for training,validation,and testing.Finally,the operational logic of the optimal model was explained using Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP),and two typical examples were provided to help users understand the model's operational logic.Results LASSO regression identified chest pain,body mass index(BMI),limb heaviness,drinking history,age,triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)as features included in the model.After comparing multiple models,the Gaussian Naive Bayes(GNB)model demonstrated the best performance.The final constructed GNB model achieved an average AUC of 0.938(95%CI:0.903-0.972)in the training set,an average AUC of 0.927(95%CI:0.851-0.992)in the validation set,and an AUC of 0.856(95%CI:0.751-0.961)in the test set.The learning curve showed that the error between the training and validation sets in the model converged as the number of training samples increased.The calibration curve showed that the model had good consistency in predicting the probability of observed phlegm-dampness obstruction syndrome patients.The clinical decision curve(DCA)showed that the model could provide clinical benefits for patients at a decision threshold below 0.7.The features ranked by SHAP importance in order were chest pain,BMI,LDL-C,TG,limb heaviness,TC,drinking history and age.Conclusion The diagnostic model for CSAP phlegm-dampness obstruction syndrome constructed in this study can assist physicians in the syndrome differentiation of patients,thereby enabling the formulation of integrated clinical treatment plans combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine,and aiding patients in achieving better clinical therapeutic outcomes.