Objective:To explore the role of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ(PPARβ/δ)in the anti-inflammatory mechanism of acupuncture(AC)against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI)in rat hippocampal tissue.Methods:A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group,CIRI group,CIRI+AC group and CIRI+AC+PPARβ/δsiRNA group.The CIRI rat model was prepared by the method of middle cerebral artery occlusion,and acupuncture treatment was used for intervention.The neurological function of rats was assessed by the modified neurological severity score(mNSS)method after 72 hours of intervention.The brain in-farction volume ratio was observed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining method.The pathological morphological changes of brain tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The expression levels of PPARβ/δ,IL-1β,and IL-10 mRNA in the hippocampal region were detected by RT-qPCR.Results:Compared with the Sham group,the mNSS scores and the brain infarction volume ratio in all modeling groups were significantly in-creased.Compared with the CIRI group,the mNSS scores and the brain infarction volume ratio in the CIRI+AC group were significantly reduced.The expression levels of PPARβ/δ and IL-10 in the hippocampus were significantly upregu-lated,while the expression level of IL-1β was significantly downregulated(P<0.01),with scattered inflammatory cell infiltration observed.Compared with the CIRI+AC group,there was no significant difference in the mNSS scores and the brain infarction volume ratio in the CIRI+AC+PPARβ/δsiRNA group.The expression level of PPARβ/δ in the hippocampus was significantly downregulated(P<0.01),while no significant difference was found in the expression level of IL-10 and IL-1β mRNA,with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration observed.Conclusion:Acupunc-ture ameliorates the recovery of neurological function and the ratio of cerebral infarction volume in rats with CIRI,and its mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of PPARβ/δ expression,thereby reducing inflammatory respon-ses and exerting neuroprotective effects.

Objective:To investigate the effects of acupuncture intervention on the expression of circRNA_017109 and miR-138-5p in the hippocampal region of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI),and to explore the potential mechanism of acupuncture in treating CIRI.Methods:Forty-five Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into sham group,middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)group,and acupuncture(MCAO/R+AC)group.The MCAO/R and MCAO/R+AC groups were subjected to the modified Longa suture method to establish the MCAO/R model.The MCAO/R+AC group received acupuncture at the"Dazhui","Renzhong",and"Baihui"acu-points.Neurological impairment was assessed via the modified neurological severity score(mNSS).while cerebral infarct volume was assessed through TTC staining.Histological alterations in brain tissue were examined via HE stai-ning,and the expression of circRNA_017109 and miR-138-5p in the hippocampal area were determined using RT-qPCR.Results:The mNSS scores and cerebral infarct volume ratios in the model groups were markedly higher than those in the sham group(P<0.01),but these were significantly reduced in MCAO/R+AC group compared to the MCAO/R group(P<0.01).HE staining showed severe necrosis and inflammation in the MCAO/R group's hippocam-pus,while the MCAO/R+AC group had minimal necrosis and scattered inflammation.RT-qPCR results indicated that the expression of circRNA_017109 and miR-138-5p was downregulated in the MCAO/R group,while MCAO/R+AC group upregulated the expression of circRNA_017109 and miR-138-5p(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Acupunc-ture can improve neurological deficits,reduce cerebral infarction volume,and alleviate inflammatory cell infiltration in CIRI rats by upregulating the expression of circRNA_017109 and miR-138-5p,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.

Objective:To explore the role of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ(PPARβ/δ)in the anti-inflammatory mechanism of acupuncture(AC)against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI)in rat hippocampal tissue.Methods:A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group,CIRI group,CIRI+AC group and CIRI+AC+PPARβ/δsiRNA group.The CIRI rat model was prepared by the method of middle cerebral artery occlusion,and acupuncture treatment was used for intervention.The neurological function of rats was assessed by the modified neurological severity score(mNSS)method after 72 hours of intervention.The brain in-farction volume ratio was observed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining method.The pathological morphological changes of brain tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The expression levels of PPARβ/δ,IL-1β,and IL-10 mRNA in the hippocampal region were detected by RT-qPCR.Results:Compared with the Sham group,the mNSS scores and the brain infarction volume ratio in all modeling groups were significantly in-creased.Compared with the CIRI group,the mNSS scores and the brain infarction volume ratio in the CIRI+AC group were significantly reduced.The expression levels of PPARβ/δ and IL-10 in the hippocampus were significantly upregu-lated,while the expression level of IL-1β was significantly downregulated(P<0.01),with scattered inflammatory cell infiltration observed.Compared with the CIRI+AC group,there was no significant difference in the mNSS scores and the brain infarction volume ratio in the CIRI+AC+PPARβ/δsiRNA group.The expression level of PPARβ/δ in the hippocampus was significantly downregulated(P<0.01),while no significant difference was found in the expression level of IL-10 and IL-1β mRNA,with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration observed.Conclusion:Acupunc-ture ameliorates the recovery of neurological function and the ratio of cerebral infarction volume in rats with CIRI,and its mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of PPARβ/δ expression,thereby reducing inflammatory respon-ses and exerting neuroprotective effects.

Objective:To investigate the effects of acupuncture intervention on the expression of circRNA_017109 and miR-138-5p in the hippocampal region of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI),and to explore the potential mechanism of acupuncture in treating CIRI.Methods:Forty-five Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into sham group,middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)group,and acupuncture(MCAO/R+AC)group.The MCAO/R and MCAO/R+AC groups were subjected to the modified Longa suture method to establish the MCAO/R model.The MCAO/R+AC group received acupuncture at the"Dazhui","Renzhong",and"Baihui"acu-points.Neurological impairment was assessed via the modified neurological severity score(mNSS).while cerebral infarct volume was assessed through TTC staining.Histological alterations in brain tissue were examined via HE stai-ning,and the expression of circRNA_017109 and miR-138-5p in the hippocampal area were determined using RT-qPCR.Results:The mNSS scores and cerebral infarct volume ratios in the model groups were markedly higher than those in the sham group(P<0.01),but these were significantly reduced in MCAO/R+AC group compared to the MCAO/R group(P<0.01).HE staining showed severe necrosis and inflammation in the MCAO/R group's hippocam-pus,while the MCAO/R+AC group had minimal necrosis and scattered inflammation.RT-qPCR results indicated that the expression of circRNA_017109 and miR-138-5p was downregulated in the MCAO/R group,while MCAO/R+AC group upregulated the expression of circRNA_017109 and miR-138-5p(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Acupunc-ture can improve neurological deficits,reduce cerebral infarction volume,and alleviate inflammatory cell infiltration in CIRI rats by upregulating the expression of circRNA_017109 and miR-138-5p,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.

Objective:To explore the effects of different duration of exercise preconditioning on changes in cerebral blood flow and microglia activation related proteins in rats with vascular dementia. Method:Sixty SPF SD male rats were used to prepare vascular dementia rat models by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries.They were randomly divided into the model group,sham-operated group,ex-ercise preconditioning 4-week model group,exercise preconditioning 4-week sham-operated group,exercise pre-conditioning 2-week model group and exercise preconditioning 2-week sham-operated group,with 10 rats in each group.The exercise preconditioning 4-week rats received 30 minutes of moderate intensity non-weight-bear-ing swimming training 5 times a week for 4 weeks before modeling,while the exercise preconditioning 2-week rats received the same training for 2 weeks.Morris water maze was used to detect the spatial learning and memory ability of rats,laser speckle imaging technique was used to observe the changes of cerebral blood flow and the opening of collateral circulation of rats at different time point before and after the model-ing,and Western Blotting was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and Iba 1 protein in hippocampus. Result:Compared with the sham-operated group and the exercise preconditioning 2-week sham-operated group,the average escape latency time of rats in the exercise preconditioning 4-week sham-operated group,the model group,the exercise preconditioning 4-week model group and the exercise preconditioning 2-week model group was significantly prolonged(P＜0.05).Compared with the exercise preconditioning 4-week sham-operated group,the average escape latency time of rats in the model group and the exercise preconditioning 4-week model group was significantly prolonged(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group and exercise preconditioning 4-week model group,the average escape latency time of rats in exercise preconditioning 2-week model group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The simple effect of repetitive measurement deviation analysis suggested that the average cerebral blood flow before modeling,2h after modeling,3d after modeling and 7d after model-ing was statistically significant between the groups(P＜0.05).The simple effect of time factor on average cere-bral blood flow of the model group,the exercise preconditioning 4-week model group and the exercise precon-ditioning 2-week model group was statistically significant(P＜0.01).The opening of collateral circulation of rats in each group was observed.Compared with the model group,less reduction in microvessel diameter was ob-served in the exercise preconditioning 2-week model group(P＜0.05).Compared with the sham-operated group,the exercise preconditioning 4-week sham-operated group and the exercise preconditioning 2-week sham-operat-ed group,Ibal and TLR4 protein expressions in the model group were significantly increased(P＜0.01).Com-pared with the model group,Ibal and TLR4 protein expressions in the exercise preconditioning 2-week model group were decreased(P＜0.05). Conclusion:Moderate intensity exercise preconditioning for 2 weeks can improve the learning and memory abili-ty of vascular dementia rats,but exercise preconditioning for 4 weeks has no obvious effect on the improve-ment of learning and memory ability.The mechanism may be related to the improvement of cerebral blood flow status and the inhibition of microglia activation.

[Abasract]Objective:To study the effect of acupuncture on miR-301a-5p expression in the hippocampal tissue of the ischemic side of rats by preparing a rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury(CIRI)rat model.Methods:The mid-dle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)rat model was established using the thread embolism method and treated with acupuncture as an intervention.The modified Garcia score was used to access neurologic function in rats,and TTC staining was used to measure cerebral infarct volume ratio.RT-qPCR was utilized to detect the expression of miR-301a-5p in the hippocampal region on the ischemic side.The target genes of miR-301a-5p were predicted using online databases such as TargetScan8.0,mi-RDB,and miRWalk.Gene Ontology(GO)analysis of the target genes was conducted via the DAVID database.Additionally,pathological changes in cells were observed using HE staining.Results:Compared with MCAO/R group,Garcia score of rats in MCAO/R+AC group was increased(P＜0.05),and the infarct volume decreased(P＜0.01).The expression of miR-301 a-5p in the ischemic hippocampus was significant-ly increased(P＜0.01).Online database identified 101 intersecting target genes of miR-301a-5p.GO analysis in Biological Processes(BP)revealed that miR-301a-5p target genes were enriched in inflammatory factors,including interleukin-6(IL-6)regulation and glucocorticoid response.In the MCAO/R group,cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed,while scattered inflammatory cell infiltration was noted in the MCAO/R+AC group.Conclusion:Acupuncture alleviates neurological deficit symptoms and decreases cerebral infarction volume in CIRI rats,and the mechanism may be related to the activation of miR-301a-5p expression to suppress cellular inflammation.

[Abasract]Objective:To study the effect of acupuncture on miR-301a-5p expression in the hippocampal tissue of the ischemic side of rats by preparing a rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury(CIRI)rat model.Methods:The mid-dle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)rat model was established using the thread embolism method and treated with acupuncture as an intervention.The modified Garcia score was used to access neurologic function in rats,and TTC staining was used to measure cerebral infarct volume ratio.RT-qPCR was utilized to detect the expression of miR-301a-5p in the hippocampal region on the ischemic side.The target genes of miR-301a-5p were predicted using online databases such as TargetScan8.0,mi-RDB,and miRWalk.Gene Ontology(GO)analysis of the target genes was conducted via the DAVID database.Additionally,pathological changes in cells were observed using HE staining.Results:Compared with MCAO/R group,Garcia score of rats in MCAO/R+AC group was increased(P＜0.05),and the infarct volume decreased(P＜0.01).The expression of miR-301 a-5p in the ischemic hippocampus was significant-ly increased(P＜0.01).Online database identified 101 intersecting target genes of miR-301a-5p.GO analysis in Biological Processes(BP)revealed that miR-301a-5p target genes were enriched in inflammatory factors,including interleukin-6(IL-6)regulation and glucocorticoid response.In the MCAO/R group,cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed,while scattered inflammatory cell infiltration was noted in the MCAO/R+AC group.Conclusion:Acupuncture alleviates neurological deficit symptoms and decreases cerebral infarction volume in CIRI rats,and the mechanism may be related to the activation of miR-301a-5p expression to suppress cellular inflammation.

Objective:To observe the effects of acupuncture on the expression of circRNA_011989 and circRNA_009775 in the hippocampal tissue of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury(CIRI)rats.Methods:CIRI model rats were prepared by the thread bolus method and treated by means of acupuncture(AC).The Garcia score was used to assess the neurological function.TTC staining was used to detect the volume ratio of cerebral infarction.The target prediction website was used to predict the miRNAs and corresponding mRNAs bound by circRNA_011989 and circRNA_009775,and Cytoscape was used to construct the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-expression network.The expression of circRNA_011989,circRNA_009775,miR-466b-5p,miR-3065-3p,Rims1,and Slc30a3 in the hippocampal region of the ische-mic side was detected by real time RT-PCR.Results:Compared with CIRI group,Garcia score of rats in CIRI+AC group was significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the infarct volume decreased.The expressions of circRNA_011989,circRNA_009775,Rims1,and Slc30a3 in right hippocampus were up-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),but the miR-466b-5p and miR-3065-3p were down-regulated(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture may significantly ameliorate the neurological deficit symptoms in CIRI rats by upregulating the expression of circRNA_011989 and circRNA_009775,and the specific mechanism may be related to the activation of circRNA_011989/miR-466b-5p/Rim.s1 and circRNA_009775/miR-3065-3p/Slc30a3 axis related.

In order to improve the teaching quality of -, the author valued the students' ability as guidance and purpose, analyzed the characteristics of the curriculum design and the selection of teaching materials, and proposed 3 teaching modules consisted of theory, practical training and application of acupuncture- moxibustion. Hereafter, it was constantly summarized and improved to realize the goal of curriculum knowledge, ability and quality. The reform method of the curriculum design, teaching content and method of - in traditional Chinese medicine was preliminarily explored.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Curriculum ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Moxibustion

Objective: To investigate the effect of acupuncture plus mild hypothermia on neurological function impairment score, cerebral infarct size and apoptosis-related factors in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) rats.Methods: Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were routinely reared for 1 week. Ten rats were randomly selected as the sham operation group and 10 rats as the blank control group, while the remaining 40 rats were subjected to preparing the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model by modified filament occlusion method. The 40 MCAO rats were further randomly divided into a model group, an acupuncture group, a mild hypothermia group and an acupuncture plus mild hypothermia group, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the sham operation group, the blank control group and the model group did not accept treatment except binding; rats in the acupuncture group received acupuncture treatment; rats in the mild hypothermia group received mild hypothermia treatment; rats in the acupuncture plus mild hypothermia group received acupuncture and mild hypothermia treatment. 72 h after the treatment, neurological function impairment score was performed; the infarct area ratio was determined by 2,3,5-tripheyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining; apoptosis of brain cells was observed by TUNEL method; the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results: Compared with the blank control group and the sham operation group, the neurological function impairment score, cerebral infarct area ratio, apoptosis, and the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 in the model group were significantly increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased, and there were significant between-group differences (allP<0.05). After the treatment, there were statistically significant differences among the treatment groups in the neurological function impairment score, cerebral infarct area ratio and apoptosis in the ischemic side of rats, as well as the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 (allP<0.05), and from the figures, tables and statistical analysis, it was found that a better tendency in the acupuncture plus mild hypothermia group than the acupuncture group or mild hypothermia group.Conclusion: Acupuncture plus mild hypothermia can protect the brain cells by improving neurological function impairment, decreasing cerebral infarct area ratio, reducing the number of apoptotic cells in the ischemic area and regulating the expressions of apoptosis related proteins to inhibit apoptosis.