Sinusitis is a prevalent nasal disease in children, characterized by chronic and difficult-to-treat symptoms. Its onset is related to nasal stagnation, gallbladder and lung dysfunctions. This article explores the root cause based on Huangdi Neijing by considering the physiological and pathological characteristics of children. The core pathogenesis of pediatric sinusitis is the transmission of heat from the gallbladder and lung to the brain and nose, disrupting normal nasal function. Wind and heat pathogens often persist, accumulate, and transform into turbid qi, which are common triggers of the disease. Evil qi retention and yin depletion are internal factors that cause the prolonged and unhealed condition of the disease. This article emphasizes individualized treatment approaches based on disease duration and the severity of pathogenic factors. If external pathogens remain uncleared, treatment should focus on dispelling wind, clearing heat, dispersing with pungent medicinals, and dredging nasal orifices. If internal fire is exuberant, clearing lung qi, inhibiting hyperactive liver yang, and clearing exuberant fire should be used to relieve stagnation. In chronic cases with residual pathogens and liver-kidney yin deficiency, nourishing yin, clearing fire, and moistening the nasal orifices are essential. When exuberant heat has subsided, but the symptom of a persistent runny nose continues, leading to the loss of healthy qi and damage to the lung and spleen, treatments that tonify the spleen, benefit the lung, and reinforce healthy qi should be adopted to relieve stagnation. These treatments aim to restore the balance of the body′s vital qi by addressing both the lingering symptoms and the underlying weakness of the lung and spleen. The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric sinusitis based on the theory of "the transmission of heat from gallbladder and lung" can help reduce the recurrence of sinusitis and alleviate symptoms, with the aim of broadening the approach of traditional Chinese medicine in treating this condition.

Objective: This study compares the effects of lithium disilicate glass ceramic onlays and full crowns in restoring cracked teeth that have undergone root canal therapy, providing a reference for the restoration method of cracked teeth that have undergone root canal therapy. Methods: This study was approved by the hospital’s medical ethics committee, and all patients signed the informed consent form. Patients with cracked teeth who underwent root canal treatment in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled in this study. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 patients were screened and enrolled, with a total of 60 affected teeth. The patients were divided into the onlay group and full crown group at a ratio of 2:3 using the random number table method. Lithium disilicate glass ceramic onlays were used to restore the affected teeth in the onlay group (24 cases), and lithium disilicate glass ceramic full crowns were used to restore the affected teeth in the full crown group (36 cases). At 3, 6, and 12 months after the repair, the restoration effect was evaluated and compared with the modified USPH Standard (the aesthetic, functional, and biological aspects of restorations). According to the biological definition of survival, survival analysis was conducted on the affected teeth in both groups. Results: At 3, 6, and 12 months after the repair, 85% of cases in the onlay group achieved grade A, while 80% of cases in the full crown group achieved grade A. There was no statistically significant difference in the restoration effects between the onlay group and the full crown group (P > 0.05). The 12-month survival rate of cracked teeth in the onlay group reached 95.65%, and the 12-month survival rate of cracked teeth in the full crown group reached 94.12%. There was no statistically significant difference in the retention of the affected teeth (P > 0.05). There was no significant effect of age, gender, tooth position, dentition, direction of cracks, the number of marginal ridges associated with cracks, or the type of restoration on the survival status of cracked teeth. (P > 0.05). Conclusion For cracked teeth that have undergone root canal therapy, the short-term effect of lithium disilicate glass ceramic onlays is comparable to that of full crowns, and both have good short-term effects. Onlays are less invasive and are expected to become an alternative restoration method to full crowns.

Polysaccharides, predominantly extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Lycium barbarum, Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Dendrobium officinale, Ganoderma lucidum, and Poria cocos, represent principal bioactive constituents extensively utilized in Chinese medicine. These compounds have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory capabilities, especially anti-liver injury activities, while exhibiting minimal adverse effects. This review summarized recent studies to elucidate the hepatoprotective efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms of these herbal polysaccharides. It underscored the role of these polysaccharides in regulating hepatic function, enhancing immunological responses, and improving antioxidant capacities, thus contributing to the attenuation of hepatocyte apoptosis and liver protection. Analyses of molecular pathways in these studies revealed the intricate and indispensable functions of traditional Chinese herbal polysaccharides in liver injury management. Therefore, this review provides a thorough examination of the hepatoprotective attributes and molecular mechanisms of these medicinal polysaccharides, thereby offering valuable insights for the advancement of polysaccharide-based therapeutic research and their potential clinical applications in liver disease treatment.
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Liver Diseases/drug therapy* ; Antioxidants ; Polysaccharides/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective·To explore the correlation between the genetic variations rs7305526 and rs11615756 of nitric oxide synthase 1(NOS1)and the human sleep traits,including insomnia,sleep duration,and clinical quantitative traits related to obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).Methods·The NOS1 gene expression pattern at the whole-brain level using the Allen Human Brain Atlas dataset was analyzed.Subsequently,we performed expression quantitative trait locus(eQTL)analysis to investigate the impact of rs7305526 and rs11615756 on NOS1 gene expression.Regression analysis was conducted to assess the associations between rs7305526 and rs11615756 with insomnia and sleep duration based on the United Kingdom Biobank(UKB)Genome-Wide Association Study(GWAS)dataset.Furthermore,we explored the relationships between rs7305526 and rs11615756 with clinical quantitative traits of OSA,such as respiratory events,oxygen levels,and sleep traits,using clinical monitoring data from the Shanghai Sleep Health Study Cohort(SSHS)based on standard polysomnography(PSG).Results·The NOS1 gene demonstrated elevated levels of expression in various brain regions crucial for regulating sleep,namely the amygdala,basal forebrain,striatum,and thalamus,as well as in the respiratory center,including the mesencephalon and pontine tegmentum.In contrast,the expression level of NOS1 gene was significantly reduced or absent in areas such as the cerebral cortex and cerebellum.Variants rs7305526 and rs11615756 were significantly negatively correlated with the expression levels of NOS1 in the cerebral cortex.Additionally,rs11615756 was also significantly negatively correlated with the expression level of NOS1 in the amygdala.Analysis of the UKB GWAS data revealed that the variant rs7305526 was not significantly associated with either insomnia or sleep duration,while rs11615756 demonstrated a noteworthy negative correlation specifically with sleep duration.Data obtained from the SSHS indicated a significant association between rs7305526 and alterations in clinical quantitative traits of OSA,including lowest pulse blood oxygen saturation(LSpO2),apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),and the ratio of non-rapid eye movement(NREM)stage 2 sleep duration.Although rs11615756 showed a notable negative correlation solely with the quantity of NREM stages 2 and 3,both rs11615756 and rs7305526 showed significant correlations with some respiratory events and oxygen traits after stratification according to the severity of OSA.Conclusion·Genetic variants of NOS1 gene are respectively associated with human sleep duration traits and OSA-related variables,suggesting that NOS1 gene plays a crucial regulatory role in human sleep and clinical quantitative traits of OSA.The regulation of sleep traits by rs7305526(C>A)is independent of its regulation of respiratory events and oxygen traits.

Objective·To explore the correlation between the genetic variations rs7305526 and rs11615756 of nitric oxide synthase 1(NOS1)and the human sleep traits,including insomnia,sleep duration,and clinical quantitative traits related to obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).Methods·The NOS1 gene expression pattern at the whole-brain level using the Allen Human Brain Atlas dataset was analyzed.Subsequently,we performed expression quantitative trait locus(eQTL)analysis to investigate the impact of rs7305526 and rs11615756 on NOS1 gene expression.Regression analysis was conducted to assess the associations between rs7305526 and rs11615756 with insomnia and sleep duration based on the United Kingdom Biobank(UKB)Genome-Wide Association Study(GWAS)dataset.Furthermore,we explored the relationships between rs7305526 and rs11615756 with clinical quantitative traits of OSA,such as respiratory events,oxygen levels,and sleep traits,using clinical monitoring data from the Shanghai Sleep Health Study Cohort(SSHS)based on standard polysomnography(PSG).Results·The NOS1 gene demonstrated elevated levels of expression in various brain regions crucial for regulating sleep,namely the amygdala,basal forebrain,striatum,and thalamus,as well as in the respiratory center,including the mesencephalon and pontine tegmentum.In contrast,the expression level of NOS1 gene was significantly reduced or absent in areas such as the cerebral cortex and cerebellum.Variants rs7305526 and rs11615756 were significantly negatively correlated with the expression levels of NOS1 in the cerebral cortex.Additionally,rs11615756 was also significantly negatively correlated with the expression level of NOS1 in the amygdala.Analysis of the UKB GWAS data revealed that the variant rs7305526 was not significantly associated with either insomnia or sleep duration,while rs11615756 demonstrated a noteworthy negative correlation specifically with sleep duration.Data obtained from the SSHS indicated a significant association between rs7305526 and alterations in clinical quantitative traits of OSA,including lowest pulse blood oxygen saturation(LSpO2),apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),and the ratio of non-rapid eye movement(NREM)stage 2 sleep duration.Although rs11615756 showed a notable negative correlation solely with the quantity of NREM stages 2 and 3,both rs11615756 and rs7305526 showed significant correlations with some respiratory events and oxygen traits after stratification according to the severity of OSA.Conclusion·Genetic variants of NOS1 gene are respectively associated with human sleep duration traits and OSA-related variables,suggesting that NOS1 gene plays a crucial regulatory role in human sleep and clinical quantitative traits of OSA.The regulation of sleep traits by rs7305526(C>A)is independent of its regulation of respiratory events and oxygen traits.

As the first cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors, palbociclib significantly improved the survival of the patients with the hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative breast cancer. Palbociclib is a crucial landmark in the development history of antineoplastic drugs. This article reviews the mechanism of palbociclib, and summarizes the clinical trials, side effects, and the application of palbociclib.

For unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),besides sorafenib,alternative drugs and treatment modalities are required.Clinical studies of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC),transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE),and system chemotherapy have shown favorable efficacy and tolerance in advanced HCC patients.In addition,the potential efficacy of sorafenib combined with focal treatment is also an interesting issue.As more therapies become available,decision-making for treating advanced HCC becomes increasingly complex.In our opinion,diverse treatment modalities should be utilized for the best interest of patients.Based on predictive biomarkers,we should develop a precise patient stratification system to select suitable candidates for each treatment modality in future studies,as is useful for improving prognosis of patients with advanced HCC.

The chemical constituents and their biological activities of simaroubaceae plants were reviewed in the paper. The chemical constituents of simaroubaceae plants are alkaloids and terpenoids, and the biological activities are anti-tumor, insecticidal, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-malaria and so on. The review alms to provide references for the comprehen-sive development and utilization of simaroubaceae plants.