Objective: To explore the intervention effects of different exercise modalities on executive function in school aged children, providing references for formulating exercise prescriptions to promote school aged children executive function. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM to identify studies on the effects of exercises on executive function in school aged children. The search period spanned from the database inception to August 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Network Meta analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. Results: A total of 51 studies involving 5 710 school aged children and seven modalities of exercises(control group,small ball sports,large ball sports,aerobic exercise,combined exercise,sport game,gymnastic and dance sports) were finally included. Network Meta analysis showed that, in terms of inhibitory control development of school aged children, small ball sports ( SMD =-0.98,95% CI =-1.32 to -0.64 ), large ball sports ( SMD =-0.64,95% CI =-0.91 to -0.36), and mixed sports ( SMD =-0.26,95% CI =-0.50 to -0.02]) were more effective than the control group; in terms of working memory, largeball sports ( SMD =-1.26,95% CI =-1.88 to -0.65) and small ball sports ( SMD =-0.91,95% CI =-1.64 to -0.19) were superior to the control group; in terms of improving cognitive flexibility, large ball sports ( SMD =-1.02,95% CI =-1.28 to -0.76), gymnastics and dance sports ( SMD =-0.80,95% CI =-1.21 to -0.40), and small ball sports ( SMD =-0.75,95% CI =-1.15 to -0.36) were more effective than the control group (all P <0.05). Surface under cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) showed that small ball sports had the highest value (SUCRA=98.9%) in improving inhibitory control, while large ball sports achieved the highest score(SUCRA=92.6%) in enhancing working memory, and large ball sports also had the highest value(SUCRA=94.7%) in promoting cognitive flexibility. Conclusions For developing inhibitory control in school aged children, small ball sports are recommended as a priority. For enhancing working memory and cognitive flexibility, large ball sports are recommended.

Objective: This study compares the effects of lithium disilicate glass ceramic onlays and full crowns in restoring cracked teeth that have undergone root canal therapy, providing a reference for the restoration method of cracked teeth that have undergone root canal therapy. Methods: This study was approved by the hospital’s medical ethics committee, and all patients signed the informed consent form. Patients with cracked teeth who underwent root canal treatment in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled in this study. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 patients were screened and enrolled, with a total of 60 affected teeth. The patients were divided into the onlay group and full crown group at a ratio of 2:3 using the random number table method. Lithium disilicate glass ceramic onlays were used to restore the affected teeth in the onlay group (24 cases), and lithium disilicate glass ceramic full crowns were used to restore the affected teeth in the full crown group (36 cases). At 3, 6, and 12 months after the repair, the restoration effect was evaluated and compared with the modified USPH Standard (the aesthetic, functional, and biological aspects of restorations). According to the biological definition of survival, survival analysis was conducted on the affected teeth in both groups. Results: At 3, 6, and 12 months after the repair, 85% of cases in the onlay group achieved grade A, while 80% of cases in the full crown group achieved grade A. There was no statistically significant difference in the restoration effects between the onlay group and the full crown group (P > 0.05). The 12-month survival rate of cracked teeth in the onlay group reached 95.65%, and the 12-month survival rate of cracked teeth in the full crown group reached 94.12%. There was no statistically significant difference in the retention of the affected teeth (P > 0.05). There was no significant effect of age, gender, tooth position, dentition, direction of cracks, the number of marginal ridges associated with cracks, or the type of restoration on the survival status of cracked teeth. (P > 0.05). Conclusion For cracked teeth that have undergone root canal therapy, the short-term effect of lithium disilicate glass ceramic onlays is comparable to that of full crowns, and both have good short-term effects. Onlays are less invasive and are expected to become an alternative restoration method to full crowns.

Ethanol (EtOH) is a common trigger for gastric mucosal diseases, and mitigating oxidative stress is essential for attenuating gastric mucosal damage. Capsaicin (CAP) has been identified as a potential agent to counteract oxidative damage in the gastric mucosa; however, its precise mechanism remains unclear. This study demonstrates that CAP alleviates EtOH-induced gastric mucosal injuries through two primary pathways: by suppressing the chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)/Src/p47phox axis, thereby reducing oxidative stress, and by inhibiting the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB) p65, resulting in diminished inflammatory responses. These findings elucidate the mechanistic pathways of CAP and provide a theoretical foundation for its potential therapeutic application in the treatment of gastric mucosal injuries.
Ethanol/toxicity* ; Animals ; Gastric Mucosa/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Capsaicin/pharmacology* ; Male ; NADPH Oxidases/genetics* ; Mice ; Humans ; src-Family Kinases/genetics*

Objective Observing the feasibility of acute endovascular treatment for patients with symptomatic anterior intracranial atherosclerotic severe stenosis.Method From Jun 2019 to Jun 2023,30 symptomatic anterior intracranial atherosclerotic severe stenosis cases were retrospectively collected in the Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine to evaluate the risk stratification score and explore the safety and effectiveness of acute(≤72.0h)endovascular treatment.Endovascular treatment includes balloon dilation+self-expanding stent placement,balloon-mounted stent placement,and balloon dilation.From the clinical experience,the risk stratification score was based on the ABCD3-I score for transient ischemic attacks(TIA)and additional evaluation of cerebral watershed infarction to identify the risk of stroke progression or recurrence in acute stage of symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis.The score of 0-3 was defined as low-risk,4-7 as medium risk,and 8-13 as high-risk.The successful revascularization of blood flow is determined based on the residual stenosis≤50％and the extended thrombolysis in cerebral infarction(eTICI)＞2c.The information of patient receiving endovascular treatment was recorded,including age,sex,risk factors of cerebrovascular disease(hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,hyperhomocysteinemia,drinking history,smoking history),onset data(time from onset to endovascular treatment,symptoms,progression),diseased vessels,risk stratification score,National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score before and 90 days after surgery,modified Rankin scale(mRS)score 90 days after surgery,intraoperative cerebrovascular events(intracranial hemorrhage,occlusion of responsible vessels),and postoperative cerebrovascular events 90 days after surgery(intracranial hemorrhage,cerebral infarction,TIA and in-stent restenosis)and deaths.Results Among 30 patients with symptomatic anterior intracranial atherosclerotic severe stenosis,3 patients were excluded from the time interval between onset and endovascular treatment＞72.0 hours,1 patient needed long-term anticoagulant drugs due to other diseases,1 patient lost follow-up,3 patients coexisted with other cardiogenic cerebral embolism diseases,4 patients with non-atherosclerotic arterial stenosis,and 7 patients refused emergency endovascular treatment.11 patients were finally included.(1)All 11 patients were successfully treated with endovascular treatment,and 7 were males;age ranged from 52 to 76 years old,with a median age of 64 years old;there were 9 cases with hypertension,3 cases diabetes,7 cases hyperlipidemia,2 cases hyperhomocysteinemia(only 9cases performed the examination),2cases smoking history,1 case drinking history;time from onset to endovascular treatment is 4.0-72.0 h,with a median time of 12.0 h;there were 3 and 8 cases of infarction in the left and right hemispheres,respectively,with 4,3,and 2 cases accompanied with anterior-posterior watershed,medial watershed,and anlerior-medial-posterior watershed infarctions,and 1 case accompanied by posterior-medial,anterior-medial watershed infarctions.(2)Among the 1 1 patients,the risk stratification score was 10-13 points,with a median score of 11 points;preoperative NIHSS score ranged 0-11 points,with a median score of 7 points.(3)Among the 1 1 patients,10 lesions located in the middle cerebral artery and 1 in the C7 segment of the internal carotid artery;the preoperative stenosis rate was 70％to 99％,with a median stenosis rate of 86％;preoperative eTICI grading was 2a in 7 cases and 2b50 in 4 cases(with slow distal blood flow);9 cases received balloon dilation and self-expanding stent placement,1 case received balloon-mounted stent placement,and 1 case received balloon dilation treatment;the postoperative stenosis rate is 10％to 20％,with a median stenosis rate of 15％;there were 3 cases with postoperative eTICI grade 2c and 8 cases with grade 3.(4)Among the 11 patients,one experienced intracranial hemorrhage on the first day after surgery and one had a new cerebral infarction on the third day after surgery.Eight patients were followed up by imaging 90days after surgery,demonstrating 2 cases of in-stent restenosis;90 days post-surgery,NIHSS score was 0-20 points,with a median score of 2 points;after 90 days of surgery,the mRS score was 0-4 points,with a median score of 1 point.There were 8 patients with mRS score ≤ 2 and no death events occurred.Conclusions Preliminary analysis shows that acute endovascular treatment for symptomatic anterior intracranial atherosclerotic severe stenosis has certain effectiveness,but the safety needs to be further validated.The screening of high-risk patients using risk stratification scores still requires further exploration through large sample and multicenter studies.

Follicular theca cells not only provide support for the integrity of follicles, but also play a crucial role in follicular development, atresia, selection of dominant follicles, and ovulation. Although theca cells play an important role in female reproductive processes, research on their development, origin, and stem cells origin is currently very scarce. The study of theca stem cells not only allows us to gain a deeper understanding of the recruitment, growth, and differentiation of theca cells, but also helps us to make functional theca cells from theca stem cells. These studies will have significance impacts on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human ovarian diseases, as well as regenerative medicine. This article provides a brief review of the functions, sources, and research progress of theca cells, as well as a brief introduction of the application of single-cell RNA-sequencing technology in the field of ovarian stem cell research. It provides a reference for further exploration of the mechanisms of ovarian follicle development, pathological changes, and disease treatment.

Objective To observe the effects of needle-knife tendon-sparing and knot-dissolving technique on NF-κB/Bcl-2 pathway activity and the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,Bax and caspase-3 in synovial tissue of knee joints of rabbits with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)model;To explore the mechanism of its inhibitory effect on RA synovial inflammation.Methods Totally 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal group,model group,drug group and needle-knife group,with 6 rabbits in each group.Except for the normal group,the other groups were injected with ovalbumin and Freund's complete adjuvant into the knee joint cavity to replicate the RA model,and corresponding interventions were given for 18 consecutive days.The knee pain threshold and knee circumference were measured,ultrasound was used to observe the joint cavity effusion,synovial thickness and internal blood flow signals,the synovial tissue morphology were observed by HE staining,the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLS)in synovial tissue was observed by TUNEL staining,the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in synovial tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry,RT-PCR was used to detect NF-κBp65 and Bcl-2 mRNA expression in synovial tissue,Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of NF-κBp65,p-NF-κBp65,Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 in synovial tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,the knee pain threshold decreased,knee circumference increased,ultrasonic score and pathological score of synovial tissue increased in the model group;FLS apoptosis rate decreased,the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in synovial tissue increased,the expressions of NF-κBp65,Bcl-2 mRNA and protein,and p-NF-κBp65 protein increased,while the expression of Bax,caspase-3 protein decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the knee pain threshold increased in the drug group and the needle knife group,the circumference of the knee joint decreased,the ultrasonic score and pathological score of synovial tissue were significantly decreased;the apoptosis rate of FLS increased,the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in synovial tissue decreased,the expressions of NF-κBp65,Bcl-2 mRNA and protein,and p-NF-κBp65 protein decreased,and the expression of Bax and caspase-3 protein increased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Needle-knife tendon-sparing and knot-dissolving technique may promote FLS apoptosis and reduce TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 production,inhibit synovial inflammation in RA,reduce knee joint swelling,and raise pain threshold by reducing the activity of synovial tissue NF-κB/Bcl-2 pathway.

Follicular theca cells not only provide support for the integrity of follicles, but also play a crucial role in follicular development, atresia, selection of dominant follicles, and ovulation. Although theca cells play an important role in female reproductive processes, research on their development, origin, and stem cells origin is currently very scarce. The study of theca stem cells not only allows us to gain a deeper understanding of the recruitment, growth, and differentiation of theca cells, but also helps us to make functional theca cells from theca stem cells. These studies will have significance impacts on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human ovarian diseases, as well as regenerative medicine. This article provides a brief review of the functions, sources, and research progress of theca cells, as well as a brief introduction of the application of single-cell RNA-sequencing technology in the field of ovarian stem cell research. It provides a reference for further exploration of the mechanisms of ovarian follicle development, pathological changes, and disease treatment.

Objective·To explore the correlation between the genetic variations rs7305526 and rs11615756 of nitric oxide synthase 1(NOS1)and the human sleep traits,including insomnia,sleep duration,and clinical quantitative traits related to obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).Methods·The NOS1 gene expression pattern at the whole-brain level using the Allen Human Brain Atlas dataset was analyzed.Subsequently,we performed expression quantitative trait locus(eQTL)analysis to investigate the impact of rs7305526 and rs11615756 on NOS1 gene expression.Regression analysis was conducted to assess the associations between rs7305526 and rs11615756 with insomnia and sleep duration based on the United Kingdom Biobank(UKB)Genome-Wide Association Study(GWAS)dataset.Furthermore,we explored the relationships between rs7305526 and rs11615756 with clinical quantitative traits of OSA,such as respiratory events,oxygen levels,and sleep traits,using clinical monitoring data from the Shanghai Sleep Health Study Cohort(SSHS)based on standard polysomnography(PSG).Results·The NOS1 gene demonstrated elevated levels of expression in various brain regions crucial for regulating sleep,namely the amygdala,basal forebrain,striatum,and thalamus,as well as in the respiratory center,including the mesencephalon and pontine tegmentum.In contrast,the expression level of NOS1 gene was significantly reduced or absent in areas such as the cerebral cortex and cerebellum.Variants rs7305526 and rs11615756 were significantly negatively correlated with the expression levels of NOS1 in the cerebral cortex.Additionally,rs11615756 was also significantly negatively correlated with the expression level of NOS1 in the amygdala.Analysis of the UKB GWAS data revealed that the variant rs7305526 was not significantly associated with either insomnia or sleep duration,while rs11615756 demonstrated a noteworthy negative correlation specifically with sleep duration.Data obtained from the SSHS indicated a significant association between rs7305526 and alterations in clinical quantitative traits of OSA,including lowest pulse blood oxygen saturation(LSpO2),apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),and the ratio of non-rapid eye movement(NREM)stage 2 sleep duration.Although rs11615756 showed a notable negative correlation solely with the quantity of NREM stages 2 and 3,both rs11615756 and rs7305526 showed significant correlations with some respiratory events and oxygen traits after stratification according to the severity of OSA.Conclusion·Genetic variants of NOS1 gene are respectively associated with human sleep duration traits and OSA-related variables,suggesting that NOS1 gene plays a crucial regulatory role in human sleep and clinical quantitative traits of OSA.The regulation of sleep traits by rs7305526(C>A)is independent of its regulation of respiratory events and oxygen traits.

Objective·To explore the correlation between the genetic variations rs7305526 and rs11615756 of nitric oxide synthase 1(NOS1)and the human sleep traits,including insomnia,sleep duration,and clinical quantitative traits related to obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).Methods·The NOS1 gene expression pattern at the whole-brain level using the Allen Human Brain Atlas dataset was analyzed.Subsequently,we performed expression quantitative trait locus(eQTL)analysis to investigate the impact of rs7305526 and rs11615756 on NOS1 gene expression.Regression analysis was conducted to assess the associations between rs7305526 and rs11615756 with insomnia and sleep duration based on the United Kingdom Biobank(UKB)Genome-Wide Association Study(GWAS)dataset.Furthermore,we explored the relationships between rs7305526 and rs11615756 with clinical quantitative traits of OSA,such as respiratory events,oxygen levels,and sleep traits,using clinical monitoring data from the Shanghai Sleep Health Study Cohort(SSHS)based on standard polysomnography(PSG).Results·The NOS1 gene demonstrated elevated levels of expression in various brain regions crucial for regulating sleep,namely the amygdala,basal forebrain,striatum,and thalamus,as well as in the respiratory center,including the mesencephalon and pontine tegmentum.In contrast,the expression level of NOS1 gene was significantly reduced or absent in areas such as the cerebral cortex and cerebellum.Variants rs7305526 and rs11615756 were significantly negatively correlated with the expression levels of NOS1 in the cerebral cortex.Additionally,rs11615756 was also significantly negatively correlated with the expression level of NOS1 in the amygdala.Analysis of the UKB GWAS data revealed that the variant rs7305526 was not significantly associated with either insomnia or sleep duration,while rs11615756 demonstrated a noteworthy negative correlation specifically with sleep duration.Data obtained from the SSHS indicated a significant association between rs7305526 and alterations in clinical quantitative traits of OSA,including lowest pulse blood oxygen saturation(LSpO2),apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),and the ratio of non-rapid eye movement(NREM)stage 2 sleep duration.Although rs11615756 showed a notable negative correlation solely with the quantity of NREM stages 2 and 3,both rs11615756 and rs7305526 showed significant correlations with some respiratory events and oxygen traits after stratification according to the severity of OSA.Conclusion·Genetic variants of NOS1 gene are respectively associated with human sleep duration traits and OSA-related variables,suggesting that NOS1 gene plays a crucial regulatory role in human sleep and clinical quantitative traits of OSA.The regulation of sleep traits by rs7305526(C>A)is independent of its regulation of respiratory events and oxygen traits.