Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)is the most effective curative treatment for hematologic malignancies.Its efficacy hinges on eliminating primary hematological disorders and restoring bone marrow hematopoiesis during conditioning,as well as leveraging the graft-versus-leukemia(GVL)effect.However,acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD)remains a significant complication following allo-HSCT,substantially affecting patient survival and quality of life.Current preclinical studies focus on strategies to mitigate aGVHD while preserving adequate GVL effects to improve transplant outcomes.This review summarizes recent preclinical research findings in this field,emphasizing the regulatory roles and specific molecular mechanisms of T cells,antigen-presenting cells,myeloid-derived suppressor cells,and mesenchymal stem cells in aGVHD.It further highlights the latest therapeutic strategies for aGVHD from preclinical studies,aiming to provide valuable insights for researchers and clinicians to develop more effective therapeutic targets and strategies.

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)is the most effective curative treatment for hematologic malignancies.Its efficacy hinges on eliminating primary hematological disorders and restoring bone marrow hematopoiesis during conditioning,as well as leveraging the graft-versus-leukemia(GVL)effect.However,acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD)remains a significant complication following allo-HSCT,substantially affecting patient survival and quality of life.Current preclinical studies focus on strategies to mitigate aGVHD while preserving adequate GVL effects to improve transplant outcomes.This review summarizes recent preclinical research findings in this field,emphasizing the regulatory roles and specific molecular mechanisms of T cells,antigen-presenting cells,myeloid-derived suppressor cells,and mesenchymal stem cells in aGVHD.It further highlights the latest therapeutic strategies for aGVHD from preclinical studies,aiming to provide valuable insights for researchers and clinicians to develop more effective therapeutic targets and strategies.