Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH)is a common orthopedic disorder characterized by insufficient acetabular development and inadequate coverage of the femoral head,leading to joint instability,chronic pain,and early osteoarthritis,which severely impacts patients'quality of life.Traditional diagnostic and treatment methods rely on imaging and clinical experience,and are limited by high subjectivity,inadequate individualized therapy,and delayed postoperative rehabilitation monitoring.In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)has made breakthroughs in medical image processing,machine learning,and robot-assisted surgery.By leveraging deep learning,Al enables automatic segmentation and quantitative analysis of multimodal images,effectively enhancing diagnostic accuracy and the scientific basis for treatment decision-making.Meanwhile,3D reconstruction,virtual surgical simulation,and remote rehabilitation monitoring provide robust support for surgical planning and dynamic management.This review summarizes the progress and challenges of applying AI in the diagnosis,treatment decision-making,surgical planning,and rehabilitation management of DDH,and outlines future directions for technological innovation and clinical practice optimization.

Hip joint cysts are a type of cystic lesion involving the hip joint and its surrounding soft tissues,mainly caused by degenerative changes or abnormal synovium.In imaging examinations,MRI and ultrasound examinations are crucial for the diagnosis of cysts.The clinical manifestations of hip joint cysts mainly include pain,swelling and compression symptoms.The treatment strategy depends on the size of the cyst,the severity of the symptoms and the nature of the primary disease.Conservative treatment can be adopted for asymptomatic patients,while symptomatic patients may require puncture aspiration or surgical treatment.In surgical treatment,hip arthroscopy has gradually become the preferred treatment due to its minimally invasive and high-precision characteristics.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH)is a common orthopedic disorder characterized by insufficient acetabular development and inadequate coverage of the femoral head,leading to joint instability,chronic pain,and early osteoarthritis,which severely impacts patients'quality of life.Traditional diagnostic and treatment methods rely on imaging and clinical experience,and are limited by high subjectivity,inadequate individualized therapy,and delayed postoperative rehabilitation monitoring.In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)has made breakthroughs in medical image processing,machine learning,and robot-assisted surgery.By leveraging deep learning,Al enables automatic segmentation and quantitative analysis of multimodal images,effectively enhancing diagnostic accuracy and the scientific basis for treatment decision-making.Meanwhile,3D reconstruction,virtual surgical simulation,and remote rehabilitation monitoring provide robust support for surgical planning and dynamic management.This review summarizes the progress and challenges of applying AI in the diagnosis,treatment decision-making,surgical planning,and rehabilitation management of DDH,and outlines future directions for technological innovation and clinical practice optimization.

Hip joint cysts are a type of cystic lesion involving the hip joint and its surrounding soft tissues,mainly caused by degenerative changes or abnormal synovium.In imaging examinations,MRI and ultrasound examinations are crucial for the diagnosis of cysts.The clinical manifestations of hip joint cysts mainly include pain,swelling and compression symptoms.The treatment strategy depends on the size of the cyst,the severity of the symptoms and the nature of the primary disease.Conservative treatment can be adopted for asymptomatic patients,while symptomatic patients may require puncture aspiration or surgical treatment.In surgical treatment,hip arthroscopy has gradually become the preferred treatment due to its minimally invasive and high-precision characteristics.

Objective: To investigate the mechanisms of Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) against oxidative stress induced apoptosis in Schwann cells (SCs). Methods: SCs were cultured in vitro, identified by S-100 immunofluorence staining. SCs were divided into control group, H₂O₂ induced group, H₂O₂ + PQQ treated group. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with Annecin V-FITC/PI staining, mitochondrial transmembrane potential was detected by flow cytometry with JC-1 labeled staining, cytochrome C (CytC), Bax and Caspase-9 protein levels was detected by Western blot analysis. Results: In this study, the S-100 positive cells were more than 95%, cell proliferation was decreased in H₂O₂ induced SCs, apoptotic rate was increased, mitochondrial transmembrane potential was decreased, CytC, Bax and Caspase-9 protein levels were increased. After PQQ added, cell proliferation was increased, apoptotic rate decreased, mitochondrial transmembrane potential increased, CytC, Bax and Caspase-9 protein levels decreased. Conclusions PQQ protects SCs from oxidative induced apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the impact of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPK1) modified adipose tissue-derived stromal cells(ADSC)on tissue engineered bone osteogenesis.Methods ADSC cells isolated from SD rat fat cells were divided into CON group and SPK1 group,and then the cells were respectively infected with 10 MOI CON and SPK1 lentivirus for 48 h.The infection efficiency was confirmed by using flow cytometry.Alizarin red and oil red O was used to stain the cells 14 days after ADSC infection,and osteogenic and adipogenic ability was evaluated by detecting A595nm and A490 nm.In the meantime,the activity change of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)was detected.The SD rat femoral defect model was created,and then after combining ADSC with β-TCP,the tissue engineered bone was pressed to the defect site.The repairment of bone defect was detected by X-ray in 4,6 weeks.After infection of CON and SPK1 virus,bone morphogenetic protein(BMP7)expression in ADSC of these two groups was detected.Results The infection efficiency of CON and SPK1 lentivirus was 94.4％ vs.94.9％ respectively by flow cytometry.The SPK1 protein expression level in CON group and SPK1 group was (0.73±0.10) vs.(1.29±0.17)(P＜0.05).The A value of CON and SPK1 group at 595 nm was (0.20±0.02) vs.(0.41±0.01) (P＜0.05),respectively.The A value of CON and SPK1 group at 490 nm was (0.72±0.01) vs.(0.51±0.02)(P＜0.05),respectively.The expression level of ALP in CON and SPK1 group was (1.42±-0.09) vs.(2.68±0.09) (P＜0.01),respectively.In the repairment of bone defect,high density tissue at rat bone defect was significantly larger in SPK1 group than in CON group in 4 weeks,and in 6 weeks,bone defect of SPK1 group was healed,but CON group still had defect.The expression level of BMP7 in CON and SPK1 group was (1.13±0.16) vs.(4.46±0.23)(P＜0.05),respectively,48 h after infection.Conclusion SPK1 modified ADSC has an enhanced osteogenesis ability in vitro and in vivo,which was related to the activation of BMP7.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ) on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis of Schwann cells (SCs) and its mechanism.

METHODSSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro, and identified by S-100 immunofluorescence staining. The cultured SCs were divided into control group, hydrogen peroxide-treated group, hydrogen peroxide and PQQ treated groups. The intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was detected; the apoptotic rate of SCs induced by hydrogen peroxide was determined by flow cytometry assay. The Hoechst33342 staining was used to detect the nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic nuclear condensation of SCs; the Rhodamine123 staining was used to detect the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential in SCs, the Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 in hydrogen peroxide induced SCs.

RESULTSThe SOD activity was significantly decreased and MDA level was increased in H2O2 induced SCs (P < 0.05), after addition of PQQ, the SOD content increased and MDA content decreased (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry results showed that the early apoptotic rate was 58.8% in H2O2 induced SCs, which has significant difference compared with the control group (P < 0.05), after addition of 10, 50, 100 nmol/L PQQ, the apoptotic rates were reduced to 33.7%, 18.7%, 3.9% respectively, showing significantly different with injured group (P < 0.05). Hoechst 33342 staining showed that H2O2 induced SCs had typical morphological characteristics, such as uptake of nuclear chromatin, nuclear shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation phenomenon. The proportion of apoptotic cells after PQQ treatment reduced. Rhodamine staining results showed that the H2O2 induced mitochondrial membrane potential reduction in SCs, which was reversed by addition of PQQ. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased in H2O2 induced SCs, while it increased significantly after addition of PQQ (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPQQ has a protective effect on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of SCs.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Benzimidazoles ; Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; DNA Fragmentation ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxidants ; pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress ; Pyrroles ; pharmacology ; Quinine ; pharmacology ; Quinolines ; pharmacology ; Schwann Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective To study the effect of interleukin (IL)-1β on mitochondria of chondrocytes and reactive oxygen species.Methods Rat chondrocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro,10 ng/ml IL-1β was added for establishing model of osteoarthritis.Then,ratio of apoptosis was surveyed by Annexin V-FITC and PI flow-cytometry.After Hoechst 33342 dyeing,morphology of nucleus was observed by fluorescence microscope.After rhodamine-123 luorescent staining applied,change of mitochondria membrane potential was observed by confocal microscopy.We evaluated the ability of ATP synthesizing in mitochondria by luciferase reaction.Content of active oxygen was observed by confocal microscopy.T test was used for statistical analysis.Results IL-1β could obviously reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential of chondrocytes and its ability to synthesize ATP,and could promote the expression of reactive oxygen species in cells.The values were changed to (24±4) U,(4.1±0.8) pmol/106 cells and (89±7) U from (86±10) U,(13.3±3.0) pmol/106 cells and (17±3) U.The difference had statistical significance.Conclusion IL-1β can induce chondrocyte differentiation by destroying the mitochondrial membrane integrity of chondrocytes and promoting the expression of reactive oxygen species.It can also promote the articular cartilage degeneration.

, which will provide enough seed cells for peripheral nerve tissus engineering research.

[Objective] To investigate the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ) on proliferation and expression of NF - kB of Schwann cells. [Methods] Schwann cells were cultured from sciatic nerves of SD rats in vitro. The Schwann cells were identified and purified by immunofluorescence of S-100 and Ara-C. Experimental group with was 100 nmol/L of PQQ and control group were set up. The expression of NF-kB in Schwann cells was determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. [ Results] The expression of NF - kB were up - ragulated by PQQ in cultured Schwann cells (P<0.05).[Conclusion ] PQQ could promote the proliferation of Schwann cells and up-regulation of NF-rd3 play an important role in this process.