Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system and ranks sixth among newly diagnosed malignant tumors worldwide. Transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） regulates cell differentiation， proliferation， apoptosis， and other physiological and pathological mechanisms and exerts cancer-suppressive and pro-cancerous dual effects in the process of tumor development. In recent years， with the continuous exploration of the mechanism of liver cancer， it has been found that the conversion of the cancer-suppressive effect into a pro-cancerous effect of this pathway plays a key role in the development of liver cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） provides a unique perspective for the classification， diagnosis， and treatment of liver cancer with its comprehensive regulatory effects of multi-components， multi-targets， and multi-pathways. This paper summarized that the cancer-suppressive mechanisms of the TGF-β signaling pathway included promoting cancer cell cycle arrest， apoptosis， autophagy， et al， while the pro-cancerous mechanisms included promoting cancer cell proliferation， invasion and metastasis， immunosuppression， angiogenesis， et al. The TCM compounds intervening this pathway were sorted out， including Jianpi Huayu compound， Fuyang Baoyuan compound， Yipi Yanggan compound， Fuzheng Jiedu compound， compound Astragalus and Salvia， Biejia Jianwan， Dahuang Zhechong pill， and Qingxiang powder. The single TCMs mainly included Schizocapsa plantaginea， Dendrobii Caulis， Gleditsia sinensis， and Dracaena cochinchinensis. The active ingredients of TCM are mainly concentrated on flavonoids， alkaloids， glycosides， phenolics， terpenoids， polysaccharides， and other kinds of compounds. At the same time， it summarized that the liver cancer inhibition mechanism of TCM by regulating this pathway mainly included promoting apoptosis of liver cancer cells， blocking the cell cycle， and inhibiting liver cancer cell proliferation， migration， invasion， angiogenesis， immune escape， etc. The mechanism aims to give full play to the advantages of TCM and precisely regulate the TGF-β signal， thereby exerting positive anti-tumor effects， opening up a new direction for the precise targeted treatment of liver cancer， and providing a scientific basis and a new strategy for the application of TCM in the treatment of liver cancer.

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system and ranks sixth among newly diagnosed malignant tumors worldwide. Transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） regulates cell differentiation， proliferation， apoptosis， and other physiological and pathological mechanisms and exerts cancer-suppressive and pro-cancerous dual effects in the process of tumor development. In recent years， with the continuous exploration of the mechanism of liver cancer， it has been found that the conversion of the cancer-suppressive effect into a pro-cancerous effect of this pathway plays a key role in the development of liver cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） provides a unique perspective for the classification， diagnosis， and treatment of liver cancer with its comprehensive regulatory effects of multi-components， multi-targets， and multi-pathways. This paper summarized that the cancer-suppressive mechanisms of the TGF-β signaling pathway included promoting cancer cell cycle arrest， apoptosis， autophagy， et al， while the pro-cancerous mechanisms included promoting cancer cell proliferation， invasion and metastasis， immunosuppression， angiogenesis， et al. The TCM compounds intervening this pathway were sorted out， including Jianpi Huayu compound， Fuyang Baoyuan compound， Yipi Yanggan compound， Fuzheng Jiedu compound， compound Astragalus and Salvia， Biejia Jianwan， Dahuang Zhechong pill， and Qingxiang powder. The single TCMs mainly included Schizocapsa plantaginea， Dendrobii Caulis， Gleditsia sinensis， and Dracaena cochinchinensis. The active ingredients of TCM are mainly concentrated on flavonoids， alkaloids， glycosides， phenolics， terpenoids， polysaccharides， and other kinds of compounds. At the same time， it summarized that the liver cancer inhibition mechanism of TCM by regulating this pathway mainly included promoting apoptosis of liver cancer cells， blocking the cell cycle， and inhibiting liver cancer cell proliferation， migration， invasion， angiogenesis， immune escape， etc. The mechanism aims to give full play to the advantages of TCM and precisely regulate the TGF-β signal， thereby exerting positive anti-tumor effects， opening up a new direction for the precise targeted treatment of liver cancer， and providing a scientific basis and a new strategy for the application of TCM in the treatment of liver cancer.

Objective To explore the effect of exenatide on oxidative stress in the hypothalamus of diabetes mice and its potential mechanism.Methods After one week of adaptive feeding,C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the CON group(normal chaw diet),the T2DM group(high-fat diet,HFD),and the T2DM+Exe group(HFD+exenatide).After 8 weeks of HFD,mice in the T2DM+Exe group were intraperitoneally injected with exenatide[24 nmol/(kg·d)]for 8 weeks.The weight and glucose and lipid metabolism levels of the mice were measured,and the levels of inflammatory and adipokine factors in mice were detected using the ELISA method.Western Blot was used to detect the expression of melanocortin receptor-4(MC4R)and proopiomelanocor-tin(POMC)in the hypothalamus.Hypothalamic mitochondria were extracted,and the content of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS)was measured using a flow cytometer.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the mitochondria were detected using assay kits.Changes in the ultrastructure of mitochondria were observed using a transmission electron microscope.In vitro experiments,pal-mitic acid(PA)and exenatide were used to treat hypothalamic GT1-7 cells,and short hairpin RNA(shRNA)was used to silence the melanocortin 4 receptor(MC4R),and observe the cellular oxidative stress and lipid deposition.Results Compared with the CON group,the T2DM group mice showed a significant increase in glucose and lipid metabolism indicators,pro-inflammatory factors,and adipose factor levels(P<0.05),the expression of MC4R and POMC proteins in the hypothalamus were decreased(P<0.05),and the mitochondrial ROS and MDA content in the hypothalamus significantly were increased(P<0.05),while SOD and CAT activities were decreased(P<0.05).Mitochondrial morphology was abnormal.After intervention with exenatide,the above indicators were signifi-cantly improved.After inhibiting MC4R expression in vitro experiments,compared with the intervention group with exenatide,the ROS and MDA content was significantly increased(P<0.05),SOD activity was decreased(P<0.05),and lipid deposition occurred in the cells.Conclusions Exenatide exhibits a protective effect on hypotha-lamic oxidative stress injury in diabetic mice,and this mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of MC4R expression.

Objective To explore the effect of exenatide on oxidative stress in the hypothalamus of diabetes mice and its potential mechanism.Methods After one week of adaptive feeding,C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the CON group(normal chaw diet),the T2DM group(high-fat diet,HFD),and the T2DM+Exe group(HFD+exenatide).After 8 weeks of HFD,mice in the T2DM+Exe group were intraperitoneally injected with exenatide[24 nmol/(kg·d)]for 8 weeks.The weight and glucose and lipid metabolism levels of the mice were measured,and the levels of inflammatory and adipokine factors in mice were detected using the ELISA method.Western Blot was used to detect the expression of melanocortin receptor-4(MC4R)and proopiomelanocor-tin(POMC)in the hypothalamus.Hypothalamic mitochondria were extracted,and the content of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS)was measured using a flow cytometer.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the mitochondria were detected using assay kits.Changes in the ultrastructure of mitochondria were observed using a transmission electron microscope.In vitro experiments,pal-mitic acid(PA)and exenatide were used to treat hypothalamic GT1-7 cells,and short hairpin RNA(shRNA)was used to silence the melanocortin 4 receptor(MC4R),and observe the cellular oxidative stress and lipid deposition.Results Compared with the CON group,the T2DM group mice showed a significant increase in glucose and lipid metabolism indicators,pro-inflammatory factors,and adipose factor levels(P<0.05),the expression of MC4R and POMC proteins in the hypothalamus were decreased(P<0.05),and the mitochondrial ROS and MDA content in the hypothalamus significantly were increased(P<0.05),while SOD and CAT activities were decreased(P<0.05).Mitochondrial morphology was abnormal.After intervention with exenatide,the above indicators were signifi-cantly improved.After inhibiting MC4R expression in vitro experiments,compared with the intervention group with exenatide,the ROS and MDA content was significantly increased(P<0.05),SOD activity was decreased(P<0.05),and lipid deposition occurred in the cells.Conclusions Exenatide exhibits a protective effect on hypotha-lamic oxidative stress injury in diabetic mice,and this mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of MC4R expression.

{L-End}Objective To investigate the current status of sleep quality and its influencing factors among coal miners in a company in Shanxi Province. {L-End}Methods A total of 1 047 coal miners from a coal mine company in Shanxi Province were selected as the study subjects by convenient sampling method. The occupational stress, occupational burnout and sleep quality of the study subjects were investigated using Occupational Stress Core Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index Scale. {L-End}Results The detection rates of occupational stress, occupational burnout, sleep disorder were 58.9%, 59.1% and 57.9%, respectively. The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education level, alcohol consumption, work shift, duration of dust-exposure, phase of respiratory symptoms, self-assessment of health, occupational stress and occupational burnout were independent influencing factors of sleep disorders in the coal miners (all P<0.05). Among them, the risk of sleep disorders in drinkers was higher than that in non-drinkers (P<0.05); the risk of sleep disorders was higher in miners working in a rotating work shift with two shifts than in those with three shifts (P<0.05); the higher the education level, the longer the duration of dust-exposure, the more serious the phase of respiratory symptoms, the worse the self-assessment of health, the higher the degree of occupational stress and the higher the degree of occupational burnout, the higher the risk of sleep disorders (all P<0.05). {L-End}Conclusion The incidence of sleep disorders in coal miners in this company is relatively high. Occupational stress, occupational burnout, education level, alcohol consumption, work shift, duration of dust-exposure, respiratory symptoms and health status are risk factors for sleep disorders in coal miners.

Objective:To investigate the incidence, prevalence and disease characteristics of Crohn′s disease (CD) in Zhangjiagang city.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. During the period of January 1st to December 31st, 2017, through a voluntary consultation and the medical records retrieval of 5 hospitals in Zhangjiagang city (the First People′s Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang Aoyang Hospital, Zhangjiagang Jinfeng People′s Hospital and Zhangjiagang Leyu Hospital) , the patients who were the registered residents of Zhangjiagang city and diagnosed as CD were collected and included in the study. The general clinical data and epidemiological data were collected by the questionnaire. The age-standardized prevalence and incidence of CD in Zhangjiagang city in 2017 was calculated. The clinical characteristics were described. The single factor analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the independent influencing factors for delayed diagnosis.Results:A total of 123 CD patients were included and 14 patients were newly diagnosed in 2017. The age-standardized prevalence of CD was 12.08 per 100 000 persons in this city in 2017 and the age-standardized incidence was 1.54 per 100 000 persons. There were 73 male patients and 50 female patients, the ratio of male to female was 1.46∶1. The age at diagnosis was 39 (27, 51) years old. The peak ages of diagnosis were 20 to 29 years old and 40 to 49 years old and there were 27 (21.95%) and 25 (20.33%) patients in the two ages respectively. The duration was 45 (24, 82) months. The disease involved the terminal ileum in 72 patients (58.5%) including 2 (1.6%) in the upper gastrointestinal tract simultaneously, the colon in 28 (22.8%) and the ileocolon in 23 (18.7%) . The non-stricturing non-penetrating type of disease was observed in 71 patients (57.7%) , stricturing type in 42 patients (34.1%) , penetrating type in 10 patients (8.1%) . Twenty-three patients (18.7%) had simultaneous perianal disease. 5-aminosalicylic acid was used in 96 patients (78.0%) and nutritional support therapy was used in 64 patients (52.0%) . Delayed diagnosis occurred in 63 patients (51.2%) , the delayed diagnosis time was 8 (2, 36) months. Multivariate analysis showed that simultaneous perianal disease ( OR = 4.081, 95% CI: 1.159-14.367, P = 0.029) was the independent risk factor of delayed diagnosis, and urban resident ( OR = 0.169, 95% CI: 0.073-0.393, P<0.001) was the independent protection factor. Conclusions:The prevalence and incidence of CD in Zhangjiagang city are relatively high. There are more male CD patients and the distribution of age at diagnosis is bimodal. The terminal ileum is the most common site and non-stricturing non-penetrating type is most common in the city. 5-aminosalicylic acid and nutritional support therapy are the most common treatments. Over a half of the patients present delayed diagnosis. The patients with simultaneous perianal disease have higher risk of delayed diagnosis, while the urban patients have lower risk of delayed diagnosis.

Objective:To investigate the incidence, prevalence and disease characteristics of Crohn′s disease (CD) in Zhangjiagang city.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. During the period of January 1st to December 31st, 2017, through a voluntary consultation and the medical records retrieval of 5 hospitals in Zhangjiagang city (the First People′s Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang Aoyang Hospital, Zhangjiagang Jinfeng People′s Hospital and Zhangjiagang Leyu Hospital) , the patients who were the registered residents of Zhangjiagang city and diagnosed as CD were collected and included in the study. The general clinical data and epidemiological data were collected by the questionnaire. The age-standardized prevalence and incidence of CD in Zhangjiagang city in 2017 was calculated. The clinical characteristics were described. The single factor analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the independent influencing factors for delayed diagnosis.Results:A total of 123 CD patients were included and 14 patients were newly diagnosed in 2017. The age-standardized prevalence of CD was 12.08 per 100 000 persons in this city in 2017 and the age-standardized incidence was 1.54 per 100 000 persons. There were 73 male patients and 50 female patients, the ratio of male to female was 1.46∶1. The age at diagnosis was 39 (27, 51) years old. The peak ages of diagnosis were 20 to 29 years old and 40 to 49 years old and there were 27 (21.95%) and 25 (20.33%) patients in the two ages respectively. The duration was 45 (24, 82) months. The disease involved the terminal ileum in 72 patients (58.5%) including 2 (1.6%) in the upper gastrointestinal tract simultaneously, the colon in 28 (22.8%) and the ileocolon in 23 (18.7%) . The non-stricturing non-penetrating type of disease was observed in 71 patients (57.7%) , stricturing type in 42 patients (34.1%) , penetrating type in 10 patients (8.1%) . Twenty-three patients (18.7%) had simultaneous perianal disease. 5-aminosalicylic acid was used in 96 patients (78.0%) and nutritional support therapy was used in 64 patients (52.0%) . Delayed diagnosis occurred in 63 patients (51.2%) , the delayed diagnosis time was 8 (2, 36) months. Multivariate analysis showed that simultaneous perianal disease ( OR = 4.081, 95% CI: 1.159-14.367, P = 0.029) was the independent risk factor of delayed diagnosis, and urban resident ( OR = 0.169, 95% CI: 0.073-0.393, P<0.001) was the independent protection factor. Conclusions:The prevalence and incidence of CD in Zhangjiagang city are relatively high. There are more male CD patients and the distribution of age at diagnosis is bimodal. The terminal ileum is the most common site and non-stricturing non-penetrating type is most common in the city. 5-aminosalicylic acid and nutritional support therapy are the most common treatments. Over a half of the patients present delayed diagnosis. The patients with simultaneous perianal disease have higher risk of delayed diagnosis, while the urban patients have lower risk of delayed diagnosis.

Objective:To explore the possible mechanism of astragaloside involved in the mouse podocytes injury induced by TGF-β1 in vitro.Methods:Mouse podocytes were cultured in vitro and then all cell were divided into 5 groups:normal control group , TGF-β1 treatment group ,TGF-β1 treatment +astragaloside low dose group ,TGF-β1 treatment +astragaloside middle dose group and TGF-β1 treatment +astragaloside high dose group.The proliferation rate of each group was investigated by MTT assay ,the expression of TRPC6 protein and mRNA were measured by Western blot and RT-PCR respectively after 48 hours.Results:TGF-β1 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of podocytes ( P<0.05) ,fusions of foot processes or even effaced of podocytes were observed .TGF-β1 could also increase the expression of TRPC6.Astragaloside could reduce the inhibition of TGF-β1 to the proliferain of podocytes significantly ,make the cell shape tend to be normal,and reduce the expression of TRPC6 mRNA and protein with dose-effect relation.Conclusion:TRPC6 play an impor-tant role in the TGF-β1 induecd podocytes injury .Astragaloside can alleviate podocytes injury by reduce the expression of TRPC 6.

AIM To establish an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of paeoniflorin,albiflorin,neochlorogenic acid,chlororogenic acid,catechin,epicatechin,ethyl gallate,danshensu,ferulic acid,caffeic acid,gallic acid,protocatechuic acid,protocatechualdehyde and rosmarinic acid in Yangxue Qingnao Granules (Angelicae sinensis Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Alba,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 20 ℃ thermostatic Waters Symmetry Shield RP C18 column (3.9 mm × 150 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1％ formic acid) flowing at 0.4 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS Fourteen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges,whose average recoveries were 85.5％-107.0％ with the RSDs of 2.0％-5.0％.CONCLUSION This simple,sensitive,accurate and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Yangxue Qingnao Granules.