Tubal ciliary movement is one of the essential transport mechanisms for female fertility, playing a key role in facilitating oocyte pickup and transporting the fertilized ovum. This movement is mediated by multiciliated cells and regulated by specific proteins and hormones that modulate ciliary number, length, polarity, beat frequency, and amplitude to ensure proper function. Genetic mutations, inflammatory stimuli, and hormonal fluctuations can impair ciliary activity or induce ciliary apoptosis, leading to ciliary dysfunction. Disorders of tubal ciliary movement are frequently observed in primary ciliary dyskinesia, pelvic inflammatory disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, and endometriosis, conditions commonly associated with female infertility. These disorders manifest as structural abnormalities of cilia, disrupted polarity, shortened ciliary length, reduced ciliary count, and decreased beat frequency and amplitude. Understanding the role of tubal ciliary movement in female infertility-related diseases, through immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural analysis, helps clarify underlying infertility mechanisms. Identifying abnormal inflammatory factors, hormonal environments, and gene expression, combined with advanced techniques for measuring ciliary protein and beat frequency, may offer novel clinical targets for early prevention and treatment of female infertility.
Humans ; Female ; Infertility, Female/etiology* ; Cilia/physiology* ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/physiopathology* ; Fallopian Tubes/physiopathology* ; Endometriosis/complications* ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/complications*

Cancer is one of the major fatal diseases that seriously threaten human health， and its burden needs to be solved urgently. Health technology assessment （HTA） can provide scientific evidence-based basis for cancer diagnosis， treatment， prevention and related policy formulation. Cost-utility analysis is the gold standard for economic evaluation in HTA， and the accurate measurement of its health utility is one of the key elements to determine the accuracy of its results. This article focuses on systematic introduction of direct measures， multi-attribute health utility scales， and mapping methods in the field of cancer measurement and reviews their applications in cancer patients. Among them， direct measures are complex， costly， and require a high level of subject knowledge； multi-attribute health utility measures are currently the preferred method for measuring health utility in cancer patients； with the continuous development and refinement of disease-specific utility measures in multi-attribute health utility instruments， the mapping method may gradually decrease in future applications. This paper can provide a reference for the selection of health utility measurement tools for HTA in the field of cancer， and provide evidence-based basis for optimizing resource allocation and policy formulation in the field of cancer.

Half of adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) report the onset of OCD symptoms during their childhood or adolescence. Early intervention can effectively reduce the prevalence of OCD in the adults. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective psychotherapy approaches when treating pediatric OCD. However, the neurobiological mechanism remains unclear. In recent years, the rapid development of brain imaging technic provides an important method to explore the brain mechanism of CBT treatment. Therefore, this article reviews the latest brain imaging research on the treatment mechanism of CBT in pediatric OCD, in order to provide a robust evidence for the application of CBT in the treatment of pediatric OCD.

Half of adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) report the onset of OCD symptoms during their childhood or adolescence. Early intervention can effectively reduce the prevalence of OCD in the adults. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective psychotherapy approaches when treating pediatric OCD. However, the neurobiological mechanism remains unclear. In recent years, the rapid development of brain imaging technic provides an important method to explore the brain mechanism of CBT treatment. Therefore, this article reviews the latest brain imaging research on the treatment mechanism of CBT in pediatric OCD, in order to provide a robust evidence for the application of CBT in the treatment of pediatric OCD.