Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) are both chronic progressive respiratory diseases that cannot be completely cured. COPD is characterized by irreversible airflow limitation, chronic airway inflammation, and gradual decline in lung function, whereas PH is characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction, remodeling, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. These diseases have similar pathological features, such as vascular hyperplasia, arteriolar contraction, and inflammatory infiltration. Despite these well-documented observations, the exact mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of COPD and PH remain unclear. Evidence that mitochondrial dynamics imbalance is one major factor in the development of COPD and PH. Mitochondrial dynamics is precisely regulated by mitochondrial fusion proteins and fission proteins. When mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium is disrupted, it causes mitochondrial and even cell morphological dysfunction. Mitochondrial dynamics participates in various pathological processes for heart and lung disease. Mitochondrial dynamics may be different in the early and late stages of COPD and PH. In the early stages of the disease, mitochondrial fusion increases, inhibiting fission, and thereby compensatorily increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. With the development of the disease, mitochondria decompensation causes excessive fission. Mitochondrial dynamics is involved in the development of COPD and PH in a spatiotemporal manner. Based on this understanding, treatment strategies for mitochondrial dynamics abnormalities may be different at different stages of COPD and PH disease. This article will provide new ideas for the potential treatment of related diseases.
Humans ; Mitochondrial Dynamics/physiology* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism* ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Animals

Objective To evaluate the value of conventional shoulder physical examination tests as well as the capture test in the diagnosis of long head of biceps tendon(LHBT) and pully injuries. Methods Totally 216 shoulder painpatients undergoing arthroscopic surgery in Xinhua Hospital,Dalian University were performed such conventional shoulder examination tests as the Yergason test,Speed test,Upper cut test,and BT test,as well as the new examination method--the capture test. The sen-sitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of each test were compared with the results of arthroscopic examination as the gold standard in the diagnosis of LHBT injury and gliding injury,so as to determine their predictive value for clinical diagnosis. Results A total of 216 patients underwent surgery,101 males and 115 females,ranging in age from 22 to 71 years. For the diagnosis of LHBT and pully injury,the Capture test had the highest sensitivity of 0.77 and 0.84(P<0.05) and showed an advantage over the Speed test in terms of specificity(0.57 vs. 0.68,P=0.016;0.44 vs. 0.61,P=0.017),without significant differences from the other three tests(P>0.05). The cap-ture test had the lowest negative likelihood ratio(0.40/0.36) for diagnosing both LHBT and scooter inju-ries(P<0.05). Moreover,according to regression analysis,it can be concluded that in the diagnosis of pulley injuries,OR of the capture test,the Yergason test,the BT test,the Upper cut test and the Speed test were 29.85(P<0.05),0.43(P=0.006),3.82(P=0.014),1.2 and 0.59(P>0.05),respectively. However,in the diagnosis of biceps long head tendon injury,the corresponding values were 30.1(P<0.05),0.034(P<0.05),4.472(P=0.006),3.34 and 0.07(P>0.05),respectively. Conclusion In the diag-nosis of LHBT and pully injuries,the Capture test has the highest sensitivity and lowest negative like-lihood ratio compared to conventional testing and can be used as a promising screening test in the fu-ture.

Objective To evaluate the value of conventional shoulder physical examination tests as well as the capture test in the diagnosis of long head of biceps tendon(LHBT) and pully injuries. Methods Totally 216 shoulder painpatients undergoing arthroscopic surgery in Xinhua Hospital,Dalian University were performed such conventional shoulder examination tests as the Yergason test,Speed test,Upper cut test,and BT test,as well as the new examination method--the capture test. The sen-sitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of each test were compared with the results of arthroscopic examination as the gold standard in the diagnosis of LHBT injury and gliding injury,so as to determine their predictive value for clinical diagnosis. Results A total of 216 patients underwent surgery,101 males and 115 females,ranging in age from 22 to 71 years. For the diagnosis of LHBT and pully injury,the Capture test had the highest sensitivity of 0.77 and 0.84(P<0.05) and showed an advantage over the Speed test in terms of specificity(0.57 vs. 0.68,P=0.016;0.44 vs. 0.61,P=0.017),without significant differences from the other three tests(P>0.05). The cap-ture test had the lowest negative likelihood ratio(0.40/0.36) for diagnosing both LHBT and scooter inju-ries(P<0.05). Moreover,according to regression analysis,it can be concluded that in the diagnosis of pulley injuries,OR of the capture test,the Yergason test,the BT test,the Upper cut test and the Speed test were 29.85(P<0.05),0.43(P=0.006),3.82(P=0.014),1.2 and 0.59(P>0.05),respectively. However,in the diagnosis of biceps long head tendon injury,the corresponding values were 30.1(P<0.05),0.034(P<0.05),4.472(P=0.006),3.34 and 0.07(P>0.05),respectively. Conclusion In the diag-nosis of LHBT and pully injuries,the Capture test has the highest sensitivity and lowest negative like-lihood ratio compared to conventional testing and can be used as a promising screening test in the fu-ture.