With the continuous deepening of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer, how to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways in clinical practice has become an important issue that urgently needs to be overcome. The current clinical difficulty lies in the fact that despite continuous advancements in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, there are still limitations in manual efficiency and subjective experience when it comes to massive data analysis and multi-scale feature extraction. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially algorithm systems based on deep learning, is an innovative technology capable of deeply empowering medical big data. This method utilizes algorithms such as convolutional neural networks, combined with radiomics, pathomics, and multi-modal data fusion analysis, demonstrating immense potential in early precise detection and benign-malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules, digital pathological subtype recognition and non-invasive prediction of driver genes, precise 3D surgical planning and automatic delineation of radiotherapy target volumes, as well as dynamic risk warning during follow-up. This innovative technology provides a brand-new solution for realizing intelligent and individualized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment models. This consensus, based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine and combined with the development trends in the AI field and real-world clinical needs, was ultimately formed by gathering the consensus opinions of multidisciplinary experts in radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, and other fields. The main content covers the application specifications of AI in the three core scenarios of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the technical standards for data collection and algorithm validation, as well as the ethical and regulatory challenges faced at the current stage. It aims to clarify the applicable boundaries of AI as a clinical auxiliary decision support tool, providing scientific guidance and standardized exploration directions for peers currently engaged in or planning to carry out AI-assisted clinical diagnosis, treatment, and translation of lung cancer.

Objective To propose a framework for risk assessment and stepwise management of pulmonary nodules based on existing guidelines and key studies, and to clarify the boundaries for triage, workup escalation, and referral in different detection scenarios. Methods A problem-oriented evidence synthesis approach was used, prioritizing Chinese expert consensus, Fleischner Society Guidelines, British Thoracic Society (BTS) Guidelines, and Lung-RADS. This was supplemented by studies on risk models, imaging measurements, liquid biopsy, tissue sampling, and surgical treatments. This paper is not presented as a formal consensus or a validated clinical pathway. Results A three-tiered framework consisting of basic non-invasive assessment, advanced assessment, and invasive diagnosis was established. It specified the applicable populations, boundaries for the use of risk models, imaging review, management of conflicting results, evaluation of histopathological consistency, and post-intervention follow-up. Liquid biopsy, genetic testing, and artificial intelligence were defined as investigational or adjunctive tools. Conclusion This framework can serve as a preliminary reference for multidisciplinary teams in developing local protocols. It cannot replace applicable guidelines, pathological diagnosis, shared decision-making with patients, or real-world validation.

Thoracolumbar spine fracture often leads to severe pain, functional impairments, and neurological deficits, for which open reduction and internal fixation can effectively restore the spinal structural stability. Open decompression and reduction with internal fixation can help relieve spinal cord compression and improve spinal function in cases of concomitant cord injury. Although spinal stability can be restored through surgery, patients often face chronic pain and functional impairments postoperatively. A postoperative rehabilitation program is critical in optimizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing complications, and minimizing the risk of secondary injuries. However, current rehabilitation methods, such as physical therapy, functional training, and pain management, are confronted with problems in clinical practice, including significant variation in efficacy, poor patient adherence, and prolonged rehabilitation period. There is an urgent need for a unified rehabilitation strategy to address these problems. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Spine Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Human Health Technology Promotion Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate Evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation treatment after internal fixation of thoracolumbar spine fracture in adults ( version 2025) by integrating evidences from clinical researches and advanced rehabilitation concepts at home and abroad. A total number of 14 recommendations concerning the rehabilitation treatment with multimodal analgesia, psychological intervention, deep vein thrombosis prevention, core muscle and extremity exercise, appropriate use of braces, early weight-bearing, device-aided rehabilitation exercise, neuroregulatory therapy, rehabilitation team were put forward, aiming to standardize the post-operative rehabilitation process following internal fixation, promote the functional recovery, and enhance patients′ quality of life.

Objective:To Exploring the protective effect of hearing protectors worn by noise workers in the petrochemical industry and the factors affecting the protective effect of hearing protectors.Methods:From June 2021 to July 2023, 929 petrochemical workers were selected as the research subjects through cluster sampling. The noise exposure of workers and the usage of two types of hearing protectors were surveyed through questionnaire surveys and on-site occupational hygiene surveys. The protective effect of hearing protectors were evaluated by testing the PAR of workers. If the noise exposure value of workers minus the PAR value was less than 85 dB (A) , it was considered passed. Otherwise, it was considered not passed. The passing rate of the protective effect test of hearing protectors was analyzed through chi square test and the influencing factors for the effectiveness of workers hearing protectors in test were explored through single factor analysis and logistic regression models.Results:Among the research subjects, 80.5% of workers (748/929) had noise exposure levels greater than 85 dB (A) . The passing rate (80.9%) of the earmuff is greater than that of the earplug (52.6%) , and the median of PAR of the earmuff is 22 (16, 25) , which is greater than that of the earplug 15 (3, 22) dB dB, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.001) . Univariate analysis and logistic regression models showed that length of service, exposure level to noise, and wearing comfort were the influencing factors of earplug protection effect ( P<0.05) , while wearing comfort was the influencing factor of earmuff protection effect ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:This study indicates that the protective effect of hearing protectors on workers in the petrochemical enterprise is poor, and the protective effect of earmuffs is greater than that of earplugs. Working experience, noise exposure level, and wearing comfort are the influencing factors of earplug protection effect, while wearing comfort is the influencing factor of earplug protection effect.

Objective To explore the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of miR-101 on ventricular remod-eling in rats after acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods The AMI rat model was established using the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation method.The AMI rats were randomly divided into AMI group,agomir-NC group,miR-101 agomir group and coumermycin A1 group,another 12 rats were selected as sham group with 12 in each.The targeting relationship between miR-101 and JAK2 was analyzed by Target Scan 8.0 database and double luciferase reporter gene assay.The expression of miR-101 in rat myocardium was detected by RT-qPCR.LVESD,LVEDD,LVEF and LVFS were measured by ultrasonography.The level of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in rats serum was determined by ELISA.The myocardial tissue lesion and fibrosis were detected by HE staining and Mas-son staining.The expression of collagenⅠand TGF-β in rat myocardial tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining.The expression of E-cadherin,N-cadherin,Vimentin,p-JAK2,JAK2,p-STAT3 and STAT3 proteins was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with AMI group and agomir-NC group,the myocardial tissue lesions and fibrotic area in miR-101 agomir group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the level of LVESD,LVEDD,L-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,collagenⅠ,TGF-β,N-cadherin,vimentin,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 decreased(P＜0.05).The levels of miR-101,LVEF,LVFS and E-cadherin were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with miR-101 agomir group,the myocardial tissue lesions and fibrotic area in coumermycin A1 group significantly increased(P＜0.05),the level of LVESD,LVEDD,L-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,collagenⅠ,TGF-β,N-cadherin,vimentin,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 was increased(P＜0.05).The level of miR-101,LVEF,LVFS and E-cadherin was decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusions miR-101 inhibits myocardial inflammatory lesions,myocardial fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal fransition(EMT)process after AMI with a mechanism targeting at JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway,thus alleviates ventricular remodeling in rats after AMI.

With the rapid development of deep learning(DL)technology,its potential applications in the medical field have become increasingly prominent.As a refractory disease,osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH)has certain limitations in traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.The application of DL technology is expected to overcome these limitations and improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes.At present,the applications of DL models-including enhancing image clarity,improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency,conducting prognostic evaluations,optimizing preoperative planning,assisting intraoperative imaging,and customizing personalized treatment plans-have fully demonstrated their tremendous potential in the diagnosis and treatment of ONFH.This review summarizes the current application status of DL in ONFH diagnosis and treatment,aiming to provide references and insights for future related research.

BACKGROUND:The cryopreservation technology enables tissues/cells to be stored for a long time in a low-temperature environment while maintaining the integrity of their activity and function,which is of great significance for the construction of cell therapy,tissue engineering and biological sample banks.Cryoprotective agents often contain dimethyl sulfoxide and serum.To avoid the toxic side effects of dimethyl sulfoxide,the complexity of serum components and immune responses,although some finished cryoprotective agents have been marketed,they are faced with many difficulties such as high cost and limited application.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop a cryoprotective agent with clear components and the ability to solve the above problems.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of a novel cryoprotectant on cryopreservation efficiency of different tissue and cell sources.METHODS:By applying the novel cryoprotectant as an experimental group with the commercially available and widely used cryoprotectant(control group)to umbilical cord Wharton's jelly tissue,umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,umbilical cord blood/peripheral blood mononuclear cells,NK and CIK cells,comparative analyses were conducted in terms of cell morphology,number,viability,surface markers,differentiation potential,and cell-killing toxicity assay before cryopreservation and after resuscitation thawing.We confirmed the cryopreservation effect of the new cryoprotectant and its potential application value.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The novel cryoprotectant facilitated the normal growth of cryopreserved Wharton's jelly tissue upon recovery,exhibiting mesenchymal stem cell morphology.No significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in terms of cell recovery rate,surface markers,and differentiation potential.(2)There was no significant difference in the number and viability of cells between the experimental group and the control group after cryopreservation of cord blood/peripheral blood mononuclear cells,and the cryo-resuscitated cell numbers and viability of derived NK cells/CIK cells did not show significant difference between the experimental and control groups.(3)For NK cells derived and differentiated from cord blood/peripheral blood mononuclear cells,there was no significant difference in the proportion of CD56+CD16+cell subpopulations between the experimental group and the control group.For CIK cells derived and differentiated from cord blood/peripheral blood mononuclear cells,there was no significant difference in the proportions of CD3+CD8+and CD3+CD56+cell subpopulations between the experimental group and the control group.(4)In terms of cytotoxicity testing,when the effective-target ratio of immune cells and melanoma cell line Mel624 was 20:1,whether it was NK cells/CIK cells derived from cord blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells,there was no significant difference in the tumoricidal activity of cells between the experimental group and the control group.These findings suggest that the novel cryoprotectant can replace existing commercially available and widely used cryoprotectants,and is applicable to Wharton's jelly tissue,umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,umbilical cord blood/peripheral blood mononuclear cells,as well as NK and CIK cells,providing a solid technical foundation for the scaling,standardization,and commercialization of universal cryoprotectants.

Objective:To Exploring the protective effect of hearing protectors worn by noise workers in the petrochemical industry and the factors affecting the protective effect of hearing protectors.Methods:From June 2021 to July 2023, 929 petrochemical workers were selected as the research subjects through cluster sampling. The noise exposure of workers and the usage of two types of hearing protectors were surveyed through questionnaire surveys and on-site occupational hygiene surveys. The protective effect of hearing protectors were evaluated by testing the PAR of workers. If the noise exposure value of workers minus the PAR value was less than 85 dB (A) , it was considered passed. Otherwise, it was considered not passed. The passing rate of the protective effect test of hearing protectors was analyzed through chi square test and the influencing factors for the effectiveness of workers hearing protectors in test were explored through single factor analysis and logistic regression models.Results:Among the research subjects, 80.5% of workers (748/929) had noise exposure levels greater than 85 dB (A) . The passing rate (80.9%) of the earmuff is greater than that of the earplug (52.6%) , and the median of PAR of the earmuff is 22 (16, 25) , which is greater than that of the earplug 15 (3, 22) dB dB, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.001) . Univariate analysis and logistic regression models showed that length of service, exposure level to noise, and wearing comfort were the influencing factors of earplug protection effect ( P<0.05) , while wearing comfort was the influencing factor of earmuff protection effect ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:This study indicates that the protective effect of hearing protectors on workers in the petrochemical enterprise is poor, and the protective effect of earmuffs is greater than that of earplugs. Working experience, noise exposure level, and wearing comfort are the influencing factors of earplug protection effect, while wearing comfort is the influencing factor of earplug protection effect.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized inhalation of recombinant human interferon (IFN) α1b injection in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia and bronchiolitis) in children.Methods:A randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled add-on design was used.Children with pneumonia or bronchiolitis aged 2 months to 5 years who tested positive for RSV antigen within 72 hours of onset from 30 clinical trial sites including Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University between February 2021 and December 2022 were included in this study and randomly divided into 2 groups at a ratio of 1∶1 based on a stratified-block method.Both groups received basic treatments such as cough control, asthma relieving, expectorant treatment, fever reduction, oxygen therapy, etc.The experimental group received additional nebulized inhalation of IFN α1b injection at a dose of 2.0 μg/(kg·time), twice a day.The control group received nebulized inhalation of placebo twice a day.Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on indicators such as the duration of clinical symptoms and signs, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the median and 95% CI of the duration of clinical symptoms and signs.The Log-rank test was used to compared data between groups.Safety was assessed through the incidence of adverse reactions and laboratory tests, and the Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between groups. Results:There were 123 children in the experimental group and 122 children in the control group.The median durations of all the 5 clinical symptoms and signs [including shortness of breath, wheezing, dyspnea (visible retractions), decreased transcutaneous oxygen saturation, and abnormal mental state] in the experimental group after treatment were slightly shortened than those in the control group [2.7 d(95% CI: 1.9-3.0 d)] vs.[2.9 d(95% CI: 2.6-3.6 d), P=0.027].The improvement in dyspnea (retractions) was especially pronounced in the experimental group, with a relief rate of 50.0% (0, 100%) on the first day of administration[compared with 0 (0, 50.0%) in the control group ( Z=2.002, P=0.025)].The median duration of dyspnea in the experimental group was nearly 1 day shorter than that in the control group [1.0 d(95% CI: 0.7-1.7 d) vs.1.8 d(95% CI: 1.0-2.5 d), P=0.046].There were no significant difference in hospital stay [6.0(5.0, 8.0) d vs.6.5(5.0, 8.0) d, Z=0.675, P=0.500], oxygen therapy duration [32.0(14.0, 96.3) h vs.39.0 (24.0, 83.2) h, Z=0.094, P=0.925], the recovery rate from clinical symptoms during treatment [(105/106, 99.1%) vs.(96/101, 95.0%)], and recurrence rate [(0/106, 0) vs.(2/101, 2.0%)] between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).However, the above-mentioned four indicators in the experimental group showed a trend of clinical benefits.The quantitative virus detection results showed that the RSV viral load in both groups decreased after treatment compared to before treatment.After 2 days of treatment, the decline rate of RSV viral load from the baseline was 0.90 lg copies/(mL·d) in the experimental group and 0.25 lg copies/(mL·d)in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05).Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups ( P>0.05).Importantly, no drug-related serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups. Conclusions:The nebulized inhalation therapy of IFN α1b demonstrates efficacy and safety in treating pediatric RSV associated lower respiratory tract infections.It particularly offers outstanding clinical therapeutic value for severe children.

To compare and analyze the clinical manifestations,laboratory characteristics,imaging findings,and treatment outcomes of patients with acute and chronic brucellosis,a retrospective analysis was conducted on 258 patients with brucellosis(202 in the acute group and 56 in the chronic group)hospitalized in Xinkang Hospital in Dalad Banner,Ordos City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,from November 2023 to November 2024.General data,epidemiological characteristics,clinical presentations,laboratory test results,imaging findings,treatment outcomes,and prognosis were collected.The incidences of fever(51.5%vs 7.1%),fatigue(30.2%vs 12.5%),joint pain(42.9%vs 16.1%),and muscle pain(9.9%vs.1.8%)were significantly higher in the acute phase group(all P<0.05).The incidence of osteoarthritis complications was higher in the chronic brucellosis group(51.8%vs 8.9%,χ2=75.697,P<0.01).Univariate ANOVA analysisshowed that the Serum Agglutination Tests(SAT),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),creatinine(CRE),C-reactive protein(CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),and bone destructionexhibited statistically significant differences between the acute and chronic phases of brucellosis(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that abnormal ALT(OR=14.18,95%CI:1.11-181.72;P=0.041)and bone destruction(OR=0.16,95%CI:0.04-0.63;P=0.009)were associated with chronic brucellosis.After treatment,all patients experienced have symptom relief in varying degrees,with 157 patients(60.9%)cured and 101 patients(39.1%)symptomatic improved(P<0.01).In conclusion,the incidences of fever,fatigue,and joint pain in patients during the acute phase is significantly higher than that those in patients during the chronic phase,while the incidence of osteoarthritis complications is higher in chronic phase patients.The incidences of abnormal SAT,ALT,AST,TBIL,CRE,CRP,and ESR,and bone destruction varies at different stages of brucellosis.Of those,abnormal ALT and bone destruction show a stronger association with,which can assist the clinical staging of brucellosis.