Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a common digestive disease characterized by recurrence and remission alternation，which seriously affects the life quality and physical and mental health of patients. The pathogenesis of UC is complex，and studies have shown that the occurrence and development of UC are closely related to the transduction of multiple signaling pathways. The current western medicine treatment has many problems，such as single action target，more adverse reactions，poor patient tolerance，and easy recurrence after stopping the medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages such as multi-targets，multi-pathways， and fewer adverse reactions， elucidating that the action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of UC is the focus of current research. Therefore， this paper conducted a systematic review on how traditional Chinese medicine exerts therapeutic effects by regulating the signaling pathways related to UC in recent years，and it was found that traditional Chinese medicine can regulate nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB），adenylate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR），Janus tyrosine protein kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT），phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K） /protein kinase B （Akt），NOD-like receptor thermoprotein structural domain-related protein 3 （NLRP3）/cysteine protease-1 （Caspase-1），nuclear respiratory factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， and several other pathways，thereby inhibiting oxidative stress and cellular pyroptosis，regulating the Tregs/Th17 cellular balance， promoting autophagic response and M2-type macrophage polarization，restoring the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora，promoting the repair of intestinal mucosal barrier function，and alleviating the inflammatory damage of UC colonic tissues. The holistic concept and evidence-based treatment of traditional Chinese medicine were combined with the modern molecular mechanism research of traditional Chinese medicine， and the traditional Chinese medicine combinations with different mechanisms， following regulation， were formulated into compound formulas or pairs of medicines according to the pattern of evidence. It is expected to achieve better therapeutic efficacy and to provide ideas and references for the modification of classic compound formulae of traditional Chinese medicine in UC treatment and clinical translation.

Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding developed a strategy for platelet and plasma infusion management in critically ill children based on systematic reviews and consensus meetings of international multidisciplinary experts. One good practice statement and six expert consensus statements were proposed for plasma and platelet transfusions in critically ill children following severe trauma, traumatic brain injury, and/or intracranial hemorrhage. This article introduces the specific methods and basis for the formation of recommendations in this part of the guide.

Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Gastric cancer remains a highly prevalent malignancy worldwide, with surgical resection currently constituting the cornerstone of treatment aimed at improving long-term patient survival. Owing to their notable advantages, including reduced surgical trauma and accelerated postoperative recovery, minimally invasive procedures are progressively supplanting conventional open surgery and have become the mainstream approach in gastric cancer management. Concurrently, the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has enabled real-time intraoperative monitoring of surgical scenes, thereby furnishing novel technical support for adjunctive decision-making, surgical navigation, and skill assessment during gastrectomy. This article provides a systematic review of the current status of AI applications in minimally invasive gastric cancer surgery, with a particular focus on research progress pertaining to instrument recognition, surgical phase identification, delineation of normal anatomical structures, detection of metastatic foci, and early warning of intraoperative adverse events. Furthermore, we discuss the potential value of AI in enhancing surgical efficiency, ensuring patient safety, and optimizing surgical education. On this basis, we further analyze the principal challenges and inherent risks confronting current AI systems, with the aim of informing future technological innovation and facilitating clinical translation.

Objective: To explore the effect of relative deprivation on emotional attention among college students from single parent families, so as to provide evidence for psychological crisis prevention and campus mental health services. Methods: From January to June 2023, 478 college students from North China University of Science and Technology were selected by convenience sampling method. Participants with high and low levels of relative deprivation were screened by using the extreme grouping method, and 48 valid participants were finally included. A 2 (single parent/non single parent) ×2 (high/low relative deprivation) design was adopted. One way ANOVA was conducted on four eye tracking indicators, followed by stratified analyses according to family structure. Results: Overall, participants showed attentional bias toward low valence faces, as indicated by first fixation direction ( t = 2.17) and first fixation duration proportion ( t =-4.28) (both P <0.05). Three factor repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant interaction between family structure and picture type ( F =23.08, P <0.05). Stratified analysis showed that, in the single parent subgroup, the interaction between relative deprivation and picture type was significant ( F =13.28, P <0.01), whereas this interaction was not significant in the non single parent subgroup ( F =2.18, P >0.05). Further interaction analysis showed that relative deprivation had a partial interaction effect between singleparent background and emotional attentional bias ( β =0.14, Bootstrap 95% CI =0.11-0.47, P <0.05). Conclusions College students from single parent families may show enhanced attentional bias toward negative emotional cues through increased relative deprivation. Students with both single parent background and high relative deprivation are a high risk group.

Objective To understand the distribution, species composition, seasonal fluctuations, and presence of Dabie bandavirus in ticks in Tai'an City, providing a basis for assessing tick-borne disease risks and formulating prevention strategies. Methods Free-living ticks were monitored using the flagging method, whereas parasitic ticks were monitored through host surface examination. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the presence of Bandavirus dabieense in tick specimens. Results The density of free-living ticks in Tai'an City showed a continuous decreasing trend over the 3 years from 2021 to 2023, with an average tick density of 0.43 ticks/(flag·100 m). The dominant habitats were scenic areas and forests, and the seasonal fluctuations exhibited a bimodal pattern, peaking in March and August. The only free-living tick species captured was Haemaphysalis longicornis. Over the 3 years, the average tick index for parasitic ticks was 1.85, with sheep as the primary host. Seasonal fluctuations also followed a bimodal pattern, peaking in March and August. The primary parasitic tick species captured were H. longicornis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. No Dabie bandavirus was detected in the tick specimens. Conclusions Tick density in Tai'an City remains relatively high, necessitating continued efforts to enhance tick surveillance and implement targeted prevention measures in rural environments to further reduce the health risks posed by tick-borne diseases.

Objective: To assess the dynamic changes of microcirculation at acupoints in patients with primary dysmenorrhea and cold congelation and blood stasis syndrome using laser speckle blood flow imaging. Methods: Patients with primary dysmenorrhea and cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome (primary dysmenorrhea group, n=53) and healthy female college students(control group, n=57) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from October 2020 to July 2022 were enrolled at Hebei University of Chinese Medicine. On the premenstrual and first day of menstruation, a laser speckle blood flow imaging system was used to measure the microcirculation blood flow perfusion on the surface of acupoints related to the conception, thoroughfare, and governor vessels, and stomach, spleen, and bladder meridians in the abdomen and lumbosacral regions. The dynamic changes in microcirculation were calculated based on the difference in average blood flow perfusion at each acupoint before and after menstruation. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of dynamic changes in microcirculation on the surface of each acupoint. The microcirculation sensitization rate of acupoints was calculated. Results: Compared with the control group, the dynamic changes in microcirculation at the following acupoints in the primary dysmenorrhea group were increased (P<0.05): conception vessel (Yinjiao[CV7], Qihai[CV6], Shimen[CV5], Guanyuan[CV4]); left thoroughfare vessel (left Huangshu[KI16], left Zhongzhu[KI15], left Siman[KI14], left Qixue[KI13], left Dahe[KI12], left Henggu[KI11]); left stomach meridian (left Tianshu[ST25], left Wailing[ST26], left Qichong[ST30]); left spleen meridian (left Daheng[SP15], left Fujie[SP14]); right thoroughfare vessel (right Huangshu[KI16], right Zhongzhu[KI15], right Siman[KI14], right Qixue[KI13], right Dahe[KI12], right Henggu[KI11]); right stomach meridian (right Wailing[ST26], right Daju[ST27], right Shuidao[ST28], right Guilai[ST29], right Qichong[ST30]); and right spleen meridian (right Fujie[SP14]). The area under the ROC curve of conception vessel (Yinjiao[CV7], Qihai[CV6], Shimen[CV5], Guanyuan[CV4]), thoroughfare vessel (right Siman[KI14], left Huangshu[KI16], right Qixue[KI13], right Zhongzhu[KI15], right Dahe[KI12], left Zhongzhu[KI15], left Siman[KI14], right Huangshu[KI16], left Qixue[KI13], right Henggu[KI11], left Henggu[KI11], left Dahe[KI12]); stomach meridian (left Tianshu[ST25], right Guilai[ST29], left Wailing[ST26], right Shuidao[ST28], right Daju[ST27], right Wailing[ST26], right Qichong[ST30], left Qichong[ST30]), and spleen meridian (left Daheng[SP15], left Fujie[SP14], right Fujie[SP14]) was 0.610-0.682 (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the sensitization rate of some acupoints in the primary dysmenorrhea group increased (P<0.05). Conclusion With the onset of menstruation, the blood flow perfusion of some acupoints in the abdomen (thoroughfare, and conception vessels, and stomach and spleen meridians) of patients with primary dysmenorrhea and cold blood coagulation and blood stasis syndrome increased, and the status of acupoints changed from a resting state to an active state. These acupoints are sensitive in patients with primary dysmenorrhea and cold blood coagulation and blood stasis syndrome and have a certain diagnostic efficacy, providing a basis for further analyzing the efficacy and mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion to treat primary dysmenorrhea with cold blood coagulation and blood stasis syndrome.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and osteoporosis (OP) are two very common metabolic diseases. A growing body of experimental evidence supports a pathophysiological link between MAFLD and OP. MAFLD is often associated with the development of OP. Rutaecarpine (RUT) is one of the main active components of Chinese medicine Euodiae Fructus. Our previous studies have demonstrated that RUT has lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects, and can improve the OP of rats. However, whether RUT can improve both fatty liver and OP symptoms of MAFLD mice at the same time remains to be investigated. In this study, we used C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 months to construct a MAFLD model, and gave the mice a low dose (5 mg·kg^-1) and a high dose (15 mg·kg^-1) of RUT by gavage for 4 weeks. The effects of RUT on liver steatosis and bone metabolism were then evaluated at the end of the experiment [this experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number: IMB-20190124D₃03)]. The results showed that RUT treatment significantly reduced hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation, and significantly reduced bone loss and promoted bone formation. In summary, this study shows that RUT has an effect of improving fatty liver and OP in MAFLD mice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Qingrun prescription（QRP）-containing serum on improving insulin resistance in HepG2 cells and its potential mechanisms. MethodsAn insulin resistance model was established in HepG2 cells with 1×10^-6 mol·L^-1 insulin. Branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase （BCKDH） gene silencing was achieved using siRNA， and the cells were divided into 8 groups： normal group， model group （1×10^-6 mol·L^-1 insulin）， metformin group （1 mmol·L^-1 metformin）， high-， medium-， and low-dose QRP groups （20%， 10%， and 5% QRP-containing serum， respectively）， QRP + siRNA-silenced BCKDH （si-BCKDH） group （10% QRP-containing serum + si-BCKDH）， and QRP + si-NC group （10% QRP-containing serum + si-NC）. Glucose levels in the supernatant were measured with a glucose assay kit， while glycogen content was assessed using a glycogen assay kit. Levels of branched-chain amino acids （BCAAs） and branched-chain keto acids （BCKAs） were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-MS/MS）. mRNA transcription and protein expression levels of BCKDH， dishevelled， Egl-10， and pleckstrin （DEP） domain-containing mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）-interacting protein （DEPTOR）， mTOR， and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 （S6K1） were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot. ResultsCompared to the normal group， the model group exhibited significantly decreased glucose consumption and glycogen content， increased levels of BCAAs and BCKAs， downregulated expression of BCKDH and DEPTOR， and upregulated mTOR and S6K1 expression （P<0.01）. In comparison to the model group， QRP treatment at all doses significantly enhanced glucose consumption and glycogen content while reducing BCAAs and BCKAs levels （P<0.01）. The high- and medium-dose QRP groups demonstrated significant upregulation of BCKDH mRNA transcription and protein expression， as well as DEPTOR mRNA transcription. Moreover， the DEPTOR protein expression level was significantly increased in high-， medium-， and low-dose QRP groups， while mTOR and S6K1 mRNA and protein expression levels were markedly downregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared to the QRP + si-NC group， the QRP + si-BCKDH group exhibited increased BCAAs and BCKAs levels， significantly decreased BCKDH mRNA transcription and protein expression， downregulated DEPTOR mRNA and protein expression， and upregulated mTOR and S6K1 mRNA and protein expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionQRP may improve insulin resistance by reprogramming BCAAs metabolism. This effect involves upregulating BCKDH， reducing BCAAs and BCKAs levels， and suppressing the mTOR pathway activation.

Objective To explore the value of diffusion tensor imaging analysis index along the perivascular space(DTI-ALPS)for assessing age-related functional changes in glymphatic system(GS).Methods Totally 27 healthy subjects from Meizhou People's Hospital and 100 healthy subjects from neuroimaging informatics tools and resources collaborator database who underwent T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo(T1-MPRAGE)and DTI scanning were retrospectively enrolled and divided into youth group(n=38),middle-aged group(n=57)and elderly group(n=32).Automated DTI-ALPS index analysis procedure was used to minimize manual errors and derive DTI-ALPS index.The general data,neuropsychological assessment results and DTI-ALPS indices were compared among groups.Spearman correlation analysis was performed to observe the relationships of DTI-ALPS index and age,gender,as well as neuropsychological scores.Results The average age in youth group,middle-aged group and elderly group was(28.5±5.8),(53.7±6.8)and(73.8±2.3)years,respectively.No significant difference of DTI-ALPS index was found between middle-aged group and elderly group(P＞0.05),which were both lower than that in youth group(both P＜0.05).DTI-ALPS index was weakly negatively correlated with age(rs=-0.340,P＜0.001),but not significantly correlated with gender nor neuropsychological assessment results(both P＞0.05).Conclusion DTI-ALPS index was negatively correlated with age in healthy individuals,hence having potential utility for assessing age-related functional changes in GS.