To investigate the risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) following the use of amphotericin B deoxycholate and to develop a predictive model to guide clinical monitoring and intervention.

Olfactory receptors (ORs) form the largest superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Traditionally recognized for their role in the nasal olfactory epithelium, where they mediate the sense of smell, accumulating evidence has firmly established their ectopic expression in non-olfactory tissues, including the intestine, lungs, and kidneys. The intestine, as the primary site for nutrient digestion and absorption, harbors a highly complex chemical environment. To adapt to this environment, the gut employs a sophisticated network of “chemosensors” to monitor luminal contents and maintain homeostasis. Among these sensors, intestinal ORs have emerged as crucial functional components, serving as a molecular bridge that connects environmental chemical signals—such as food-derived odorants—to specific physiological responses. This discovery has significantly deepened our understanding of how dietary flavors and compounds influence intestinal physiology at the molecular level. This review systematically summarizes the expression profiles, ligand classification, and biological functions of ORs within the gastrointestinal tract. Studies indicate that intestinal ORs exhibit distinct spatial distribution patterns across different gut segments and display cell-type specificity, particularly within enterocytes and enteroendocrine cells. These receptors function as versatile sensors capable of recognizing a wide variety of ligands, including exogenous dietary components, gut microbiota metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, and endogenous small molecules like azelaic acid. Upon activation by specific ligands, intestinal ORs trigger intracellular signaling cascades, primarily involving the AC-cAMP-PKA pathway or calcium influx channels. A major focus of this review is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which these receptors regulate the secretion of gut hormones. Activation of specific ORs in enteroendocrine cells has been shown to stimulate the release of hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and serotonin (5-HT), thereby modulating systemic energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and gastrointestinal motility. Furthermore, the review addresses the critical roles of ORs in immune regulation and pathology. Evidence suggests that specific ORs contribute to the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis and may offer protection against inflammation. Beyond their involvement in inflammatory responses, ORs such as Olfr78 have been shown to regulate the differentiation and function of intestinal endocrine cells. Similarly, Olfr544 has been demonstrated to alleviate intestinal inflammation by remodeling the gut microbiome and metabolome. These findings collectively suggest that specific ORs hold promise as therapeutic targets for mitigating intestinal inflammation and maintaining gut homeostasis. Additionally, the review explores the emerging role of ORs in cancer. Although OR expression is often downregulated in tumor tissues compared to normal mucosa, activation of specific ORs by certain ligands can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and migration and induce apoptosis via pathways such as MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK. Conversely, other receptors, such as OR7C1, may serve as biomarkers for cancer-initiating cells. In conclusion, intestinal ORs represent a vital component of the gut’s sensory network. The review also discusses the translational potential of these findings. By elucidating the precise pairing relationships between dietary components and specific ORs, novel therapeutic strategies could be developed. Intestinal ORs may thus emerge as promising targets for nutritional and pharmacological interventions in metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and malignancies.

Purpose: The genomic characteristics of uterine sarcomas have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the genomic landscape of the uterine sarcomas (USs). Materials and Methods: Comprehensive genomic analysis through RNA-sequencing was conducted. Gene fusion, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), signaling pathway enrichment, immune cell infiltration, and prognosis were analyzed. A deep learning model was constructed to predict the survival of US patients. Results: A total of 71 US samples were examined, including 47 endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS), 18 uterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS), three adenosarcomas, two carcinosarcomas, and one uterine tumor resembling an ovarian sex-cord tumor. ESS (including high-grade ESS [HGESS] and low-grade ESS [LGESS]) and uLMS showed distinct gene fusion signatures; a novel gene fusion site, MRPS18A–PDC-AS1 could be a potential diagnostic marker for the pathology differential diagnosis of uLMS and ESS; 797 and 477 uterine sarcoma DEGs (uDEGs) were identified in the ESS vs. uLMS and HGESS vs. LGESS groups, respectively. The uDEGs were enriched in multiple pathways. Fifteen genes including LAMB4 were confirmed with prognostic value in USs; immune infiltration analysis revealed the prognositic value of myeloid dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophage M1, monocytes and hematopoietic stem cells in USs; the deep learning model named Max-Mean Non-Local multi-instance learning (MMN-MIL) showed satisfactory performance in predicting the survival of US patients, with the area under the receiver operating curve curve reached 0.909 and accuracy achieved 0.804. Conclusion USs harbored distinct gene fusion characteristics and gene expression features between HGESS, LGESS, and uLMS. The MMN-MIL model could effectively predict the survival of US patients.

The risk prediction approach integrating disease and syndrome aligns more precisely with the clinical diagnosis and treatment needs of osteoporosis.Prior research has established a consensus on the model development methodology encompassing"Target outcome selection→ Key information collection→ Data mining and modeling →Model performance evaluation".Building on this foundation,a cohort of osteoporosis patients and syndrome cases with stable follow-up is established.Utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms,critical information in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)symptoms and syndromes is objectively characterized and quantified alongside imaging data.Employing multi-omics sequencing technology,we seek to identify highly specific microscopic molecular information,analyze potential correlations among various dimensions of information,and develop a multidimensional risk prediction model for osteoporosis with distinctive TCM attributes.This model aims to identify biomarkers with both"disease"and"syndrome"characteristics,thereby advancing the precision diagnosis and treatment system for osteoporosis.

Objective To establish an efficient,sensitive,and accurate ion chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of three impurity ions—bromide(Br-),nitrite(NO2-),and oxalate(C2 O42-)—in oral rehydration salts powder(Ⅲ).These impurity ions may pose potential toxic side effects on children's health;therefore,ensuring their content within safe limits is crucial for safeguarding pediatric medication safety.Methods A Metrosep A Supp 5 column(250 mm×4.0 mm,5 μm),packed with quaternary ammonium-bonded polyvinyl alcohol was used.The eluent consisted of carbonate buffer:Mobile phase A was a mixture of 3.2 mmol·L-1 sodium carbonate and 1.0 mmol·L-1 sodium bicarbonate(50∶50,V∶V),and mobile phase B was a mixture of 32 mmol·L-1 sodium carbonate and 10 mmol·L-1 sodium bicarbonate(50∶50,V∶V),with gradient elution.The column temperature was set at 35℃,and the flow rate was 0.7 mL·min-1.Limits for the three impurity ions were set according to the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines(ICH M7(R1)and ICH Q3B),and the method was validated by testing six actual samples.Results Within the concentration range of 0.02-0.50 μg·mL-1,the linear correlation coefficients(R2)for the three impurity ions were all greater than 0.999.The detection limits ranged from 1.2 to 3.4 ng·mL-1,and the spiked recovery rates were between 92.0%and 102.0%.Results from the six actual samples demonstrated that the method effectively controlled the content of impurity ions.Conclusion This study successfully established a gradient elution ion chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of three impurity ions in Oral rehydration salts powder(Ⅲ).The method is highly sensitive,specific,and accurate.

Objective To investigate the predictive capacity of the Triglyceride-Glucose(TyG)index and the Triglyceride-Glucose-Body Mass Index(TyG-BMI)for the development of hyperuricemia(HUA)in a health examination population,and to identify suitable indicators as risk assessment tools for HUA.Methods This study ultimately included 12 004 participants from a health examination cohort.According to SUA levels,the partici-pants were categorized into a normal group(n=9 952)and a hyperuricemia(HUA)group(n=2 052).The TyG index and TyG-BMI index were calculated,and participants were further stratified into four groups(Q1—Q4)based on the quartiles of these indices.Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between TyG,TyG-BMI,and HUA.The predictive value of TyG,TyG-BMI,and their combination for HUA was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)curves and the Area Under the Curve(AUC).Subgroup analyses were carried out by gender and age.Results The TyG and TyG-BMI indices were significantly elevated in the HUA group compared to the normal group.The prevalence of HUA was markedly higher in the TyG-Q4 and TyG-BMI-Q4 groups than in the other three corresponding quartile groups.Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between TyG,TyG-BMI levels,and the risk of HUA.The AUC values for predicting HUA using TyG,TyG-BMI,and their combination were 0.700,0.747,and 0.822,respectively.Specifically,for males,the AUC values were 0.641,0.674,and 0.709,respectively,whereas for females,they were 0.742,0.776,and 0.829,respectively.Among individuals younger than 60 years old,the AUC values were 0.716,0.759,and 0.835,respectively,while for those aged 60 years or older,the values were 0.614,0.645,and 0.731,respectively.Conclusions TyG and TyG-BMI are significantly associated with the risk of HUA.Specifically,TyG-BMI demon-strates superior predictive performance compared to TyG alone.Moreover,the combination of TyG and TyG-BMI further improves predictive accuracy,particularly among female and middle-aged or younger populations.

Objective:To investigate the value of dual-energy CT parameters in the evaluation of pathological grade of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Methods:80 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed and divided into high grade group (36 cases) and low grade group (44 cases) according to their differentiation degree. All 80 patients underwent SOMATOM Force DECT for arterial phase (AP) and pancreatic phase (PP) scanning, and measured dual-energy parameters including dual-phase iodine concentration (IC AP, IC PP) in tumors and normal pancreatic parenchyma, pancreatic phase and arterial phase iodine concentration difference (ICD PP-AP) in tumors, dual-phase iodine uptake ratio (IUR AP, IUR PP) , dual-phase tumor/normal pancreatic parenchyma fat fraction ratio, and dual-phase slope of energy spectrum curve. Differences between two groups were compared by two independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of pathological grading of PDAC. Results:There were statistically significant differences in gender, age, aspect ratio, positive lymph node, fat fraction ratio in pancreatic phase between the two groups ( P< 0.05) . The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fat fraction ratio in pancreatic phase ( OR=1.781, 95% CI 1.127-2.814, P=0.013) , positive lymph node ( OR=4.870, 95% CI 1.488-15.938, P=0.009) , aspect ratio ( OR=0.019, 95% CI 0.001-0.437, P=0.013) were independent factors influencing the pathologic grade of PDAC. Conclusion:Parameters of dual-energy CT are valuable in the evaluation of pathological grading of PDAC.

Aging is a complex physiological process characterized by the impairment of the integrity of many major human body functions, which can induce a variety of diseases. As global aging is worsening, effective interventions are essential to prevent aging-related diseases. In recent years, phytonutrients have attracted much attention as potential anti-aging substances. Phytonutrients refer to secondary or terminal metabolites produced by plants during their metabolism, mainly including plant polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, and plant sterols and terpenoids, which come from a wide range of sources and have a variety of biological activities. The development of nutritional supplements or drugs based on phytonutrients' anti-aging activity may prevent aging-related diseases and achieve a long and healthy life. Here we review the currently known anti-aging active phytonutrients and the underlying anti-aging mechanisms, involving suppression of oxidative stress, regulation of genes and pathways, immune modulation, regulation of apoptosis, intestinal flora regulation, autophagy regulation, suppression of cell aging, improvement of telomerase activity, and delay of stem cell aging, aiming to promote the discovery of more anti-aging interventions.

Objective To explore the association between the ratio of red blood cell distribution width to albumin level(RAR)and the risk of non-valvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF)in patients with hyperuricemia.Methods A total of 8 277 patients with hyperuricemia who underwent physi-cal examinations at the Physical Examination Center of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from January 2021 to June 2024 were enrolled.From them,185 patients with AF were assigned into a case group,and 740 patients without AF were into a control group in a ratio of 1∶4 with propen-sity score matching(PSM).Logistic regression analysis,restricted cubic spline analysis,and sub-group analysis were employed to investigate the association between RAR and the risk of NVAF in hyperuricemic patients.Results The case group had significantly larger ratio of smoking,high-er levels of red blood cell distribution width,total bilirubin,hematocrit,and RAR index,but lower albumin,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and triglyceride(TG)levels,and smaller ra-tio of fatty liver than the control group(P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients at Q2,Q3,and Q4 quartiles of RAR index have higher risk for AF than those at Q1 quartile(OR=2.843,OR=4.263,OR=7.801,P＜0.01).The effect of RAR index was significant when below the breakpoint of 2.85(OR=1.492,95％CI:1.151-1.993,P=0.004).Subgroup analysis indicated significant interactions between RAR index and age as well as smok-ing(P interaction＜0.05).The area under curve value of RAR index in predicting NVAF occurrence in male hyperuricemic patients was 0.679(95％CI:0.632-0.725).Conclusion In patients with hyperuricemia,a higher RAR index is associated with an increased risk of NVAF.RAR index has guiding significance for diagnosing male hyperuricemic patients complicated with AF.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological burden of age-related macular degeneration(AMD)in China and low-,middle-,and high-socio-demographic index(SDI)countries,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of AMD.Methods The data published by Global Burden of Disease(GBD)from 1990 to 2021,in-cluding the number of cases,prevalence,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),and DALYs rate,were utilized to analyze the characteristics of AMD in China and low-,middle-,and high-SDI countries and assess the burden of AMD and its corre-lation with SDI.Results In 2021,the number of patients with AMD and DALYs in China ranked first in the world.Be-sides,the age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)and age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDR)in China ranked 46th and 64th in the world,respectively.The number of patients with AMD and DALYs in high-SDI countries were significantly lower than those in middle-and low-SDI countries.The ASPR and ASDR in China were higher than those in high-SDI countries but lower than those in low-SDI countries,and both exceeded the global averages.The prevalence of AMD among people aged 55 years and above was significantly higher.In high-SDI countries,the highest prevalence of AMD was observed a-mong people aged 80 years or above.The prevalence of AMD in China and middle-SDI countries peaked among people aged 65-69 years;whereas that in low-SDI countries peaked among people aged 75-79 years.The AMD burden in females was significantly higher than that in males.The global number of AMD patients exhibited an increasing trend from 1990 to 2021,with the fastest increase observed in China(3.11-fold).The ASPR in China showed a wave-like increasing trend,while that in low-,middle-,and high-SDI countries showed a decreasing trend during the same period.The overall DALY showed an increasing trend,and the increase in the DALYs in China(2.84-fold)exceeded that in low-,middle-,and high-SDI countries.However,the overall ASDR declined,with the most significant decline observed in high-SDI countries.The AS-DR in China has recently rebounded after a wave-like decline from 1990 to 2021.The analysis results of the slope index of inequality(SII)and concentration index(CI)showed that the gap in the AMD burden between high-income and low-in-come countries widened progressively from 1990 to 2021,with the burden being more severe in low-SDI countries.Conclu-sion In 2021,the number of patients with AMD and DALYs in China ranked first in the world.The overall disease burden of AMD in China was between that of high-and low-SDI countries but was higher than global averages.The prevalence of AMD among people aged 55 years and above was significantly higher,and the burden was higher for females than for males.From 1990 to 2021,the number of patients with AMD and the prevalence of this disease in China exhibited an in-creasing trend,while those in low-,middle-,and high-SDI countries showed a decreasing trend.The overall DALYs in-creased,while the overall ASDR decreased.The gap in the AMD burden between high-income and low-income countries widened,and the burden was more severe in low-SDI countries.It was concluded that the burden of AMD was closely re-lated to age,gender,and SDI,and that its distribution characteristics and trends should be considered in the formulation of prevention and control strategies.