Objective To investigate the protective effect of Naoluoxintong(NLXT)on mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells in the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)model,focusing on its impact on mitochondrial function and the role of the cal-cium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β(CaMKKβ)in it.Methods HT22 cell were cultured to establish OGD/R model,and the cell were divided into normal group(Control),model group(OGD/R),NLXT group(OGD/R+10％NLXT),positive drug dl-3-n-butylphthalide(NBP)group(OGD/R+NBP 50μmol/L)after the screening of the optimal concentrations of different con-centrations of NLXT-containing serum(0-20％)in interfering with the HT22 cells by the CCK-8 assay.Then,using CCK-8 assay to detect the cell survival rate of each group,inverted fluorescence microscope to observe the morphology of each group,flow cytometry to detect the apoptosis rate of each group,and the kit to detect the activity or content of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione(GSH)in each group.Nest,the CaMKKβ inhibitor(STO-609,5μmol/L)was introduced,HT22 cells were di-vided into Control group,OGD/R group,OGD/R+10％NLXT group,OGD/R+NBP group,OGD/R+STO-609group,OGD/R+STO-609+NLXT group.The mitochondrial membrane potential in each group was observed by using JC-1 fluorescent probe,and the end products Na+-K+-ATP,Ca+-Mg+-ATPase activity were detected by the kit.The expression changes of CaMKKβ protein in cells of each group were detected by Western blot,the changes of mitochondrial DNA copy number and CaMKKβ mRNA expression in cells of each group were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Results The optimal concentration of NLXT-containing serum was 10％,which resulted in the most significant effects.Compared with the OGD/R group,NLXT intervention significantly increased cell viability(P＜0.05)and restored cellular morphological characteristics.Compared with the Control group,the OGD/R group showed significantly increased apoptosis(P＜0.05),elevated MDA levels,and decreased activities of SOD and GSH,alongside a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential,ATP activity,and mitochondrial DNA copy number.Further-more,CaMKKβ protein and mRNA expression were downregulated(P＜0.05).Compared with the OGD/R group,the NLXT and NBP groups antagonized these effects and upregulated CaMKKβ protein and mRNA expression(P＜0.05).Additionally,the application of the CaMKKβ inhibitor STO-609 significantly attenuated the protective effects of NLXT on mitochondrial function and neurons(P＜0.05).Conclusion NLXT exerts neuroprotective effects by activating the CaMKKβ to enhance mitochondrial function after OGD/R in HT22 cells.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Naoluoxintong(NLXT)on mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells in the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)model,focusing on its impact on mitochondrial function and the role of the cal-cium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β(CaMKKβ)in it.Methods HT22 cell were cultured to establish OGD/R model,and the cell were divided into normal group(Control),model group(OGD/R),NLXT group(OGD/R+10％NLXT),positive drug dl-3-n-butylphthalide(NBP)group(OGD/R+NBP 50μmol/L)after the screening of the optimal concentrations of different con-centrations of NLXT-containing serum(0-20％)in interfering with the HT22 cells by the CCK-8 assay.Then,using CCK-8 assay to detect the cell survival rate of each group,inverted fluorescence microscope to observe the morphology of each group,flow cytometry to detect the apoptosis rate of each group,and the kit to detect the activity or content of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione(GSH)in each group.Nest,the CaMKKβ inhibitor(STO-609,5μmol/L)was introduced,HT22 cells were di-vided into Control group,OGD/R group,OGD/R+10％NLXT group,OGD/R+NBP group,OGD/R+STO-609group,OGD/R+STO-609+NLXT group.The mitochondrial membrane potential in each group was observed by using JC-1 fluorescent probe,and the end products Na+-K+-ATP,Ca+-Mg+-ATPase activity were detected by the kit.The expression changes of CaMKKβ protein in cells of each group were detected by Western blot,the changes of mitochondrial DNA copy number and CaMKKβ mRNA expression in cells of each group were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Results The optimal concentration of NLXT-containing serum was 10％,which resulted in the most significant effects.Compared with the OGD/R group,NLXT intervention significantly increased cell viability(P＜0.05)and restored cellular morphological characteristics.Compared with the Control group,the OGD/R group showed significantly increased apoptosis(P＜0.05),elevated MDA levels,and decreased activities of SOD and GSH,alongside a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential,ATP activity,and mitochondrial DNA copy number.Further-more,CaMKKβ protein and mRNA expression were downregulated(P＜0.05).Compared with the OGD/R group,the NLXT and NBP groups antagonized these effects and upregulated CaMKKβ protein and mRNA expression(P＜0.05).Additionally,the application of the CaMKKβ inhibitor STO-609 significantly attenuated the protective effects of NLXT on mitochondrial function and neurons(P＜0.05).Conclusion NLXT exerts neuroprotective effects by activating the CaMKKβ to enhance mitochondrial function after OGD/R in HT22 cells.

Objective: To investigate the changes of microorganisms and metabolites in joint effusion of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis(RA), Osteoarthritis(OA) and Urarthritis(UA). To provide new ideas for the study of the effect of microbiota on the pathogenesis of arthritis. Methods: Joint effusion samples were collected from 20 patients with RA, 20 patients with OA, and 20 patients with UA. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted ultra-high performance Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) were used to explore the differences in microorganisms and metabolites among the three groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect the correlation between effusion microbiota and metabolites. Results: There were differences in microbial diversity and microbiota composition among the three groups. Combined with VIP>1 from OPLS-DA andP<0.05 from two-tailed Students t-test, 45 differential metabolites(Between RA and OA groups), 38 differential metabolites(Between UA and OA groups) and 16 differential metabolites(Between RA and UA groups), were identified. GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the differential metabolic pathways among the three groups were mainly concentrated in citric acid cycle(TCA cycle), nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism and glycolysis pathway. Correlation analysis of joint effusion microbiota and metabolites suggested that bacteria enriched in the three groups of joint effusion, such asPrevotella,Clostridium ruminosus,Prevotellaceae＿UCG-001, were related to many key metabolites such as lysozyme, uric acid, glucose, and L-glutamine. Conclusion This study shows that there are a variety of bacterial flora in joint cavity effusion of RA, OA, and UA patients, and the differential metabolites produced by them are involved in the pathogenesis of the three types of arthritis by affecting a variety of metabolic pathways.

Objective    To investigate the feasibility of magnamosis rings designed based on magnetic compression technique in esophageal anastomosis reconstruction. Methods    According to the anatomical characteristics of esophagus in SD rats, the esophageal magnamosis rings were designed. SD rats were used as animal models (n=10, 5 males and 5 females) to complete the magnetic anastomosis reconstruction of the cervical esophagus using magnamosis rings, and the operation time, animal survival, postoperative complications, magnetic rings excretion time were recorded. Two weeks after operation, the rats were killed, and the esophageal anastomotic specimens were obtained. The blasting pressure of the anastomotic site was measured and the formation of the anastomotic site was observed with naked eyes. Results    Esophageal magnamosis was successfully performed in 10 SD rats, and the median operation time was 11 (8-13) min. All rats survived without anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stenosis, or magnetic rings incarceration. The magnetic rings were discharged after 8 (5-10) days and the burst pressure was higher than 300 mm Hg. Visual observation showed that the anastomotic muscle healed well and the mucosa was smooth. Conclusion    The magnetic compression technique  can be used for anastomosis reconstruction of esophagus, which has the advantages of simple operation and reliable anastomosis effect, and has clinical application prospect.

Objective To explore the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), especially lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), for stroke patients in rehabilitating, and the functional outcome. Methods A total of 3 557 stroke patients in the neurological rehabilitation center of Beijing Bo'ai Hospital for stroke rehabilitation from January, 2015 to October, 2020 were reviewed through the electronic medical record system. Demographic characteristics, stroke characteristics (type and location), laboratory data (D-dimer polymer and arterial partial pressure of oxygen), motor function (Brunnstrom stage, Fugl-Meyer Assessment of motor and balance, modified Ashworth Scale score of triceps crus, and Holden Walking Ability Classification), activities of daily living (Barthel Index), and anticoagulant/antiplatelet treatment data were collected and analyzed. Results The incidence of DVT and PE was 28.5% and 1.29%, respectively. Most were found 30 days later after onset. The incidence of PE was higher after ischemic stroke (χ2 = 12.49, P < 0.001) rather than hemorrhagic stroke. The patients with hemispheric stroke, severe lower-extremity paralysis, and poor activities of daily living were more prone to complications associated with VTE. After rehabilitation, the function of stroke patients with PE could be improved (|t| > 4.302, P < 0.001). Conclusion The risk of DVT and PE in patients during stroke convalescence may not be negligible, and those with older age, previous history of thrombosis, severe stroke, and severe limb paralysis may be stratified in high-risk. Following anticoagulation treatment, early individualized comprehensive rehabilitation can be done for patients with PE to improve their function and activities of daily living.

Objective To investigate the incidence of Holmes tremor (HT) after stroke and its outcome after medication and rehabilitation. Methods Patients diagnosed as HT after stroke in the ward of neurorehabilitation department from October, 2019 to September, 2021 were reviewed the clinical features, imaging manifestations, drug treatment plan, rehabilitation evaluation scales scores, rehabilitation plan and outcome. Results There were five inpatients with HT (0.7%, 5/715), and all were hemorrhagic stroke, accounting for 1.7% of hemorrhagic stroke. The lesions were located in the midbrain and pons in three cases, cerebellum in one case and thalamus in one case. The tremor appeared 1.5 to seven months after stroke, limited on head and limbs, with other neurological dysfunction. After the comprehensive treatment of drugs and rehabilitation, tremor improved in four cases, and ineffective in one case. The motor and balance function improved less, and the activities of daily living improved somehow. Conclusion The incidence of Holmes tremor is low in stroke patients. The tremor might respond to the treatment, but motor function would not.

Based on the principle of magnetic anastomosis technique, the design of magnetic anastomosis system for endoscopic tissue clamping is proposed. The system includes a semi-ring magnet, a special structure transparent cap and a detachable push rod. With the help of the existing digestive endoscopy and endoscopic tissue gripper, the endoscopic close clamping and anastomosis of the bleeding or perforated tissue can be completed. After the anastomosis, the magnet falls off and is discharged through the digestive tract. Animal experiments showed that the system was easy to use, the fistula was clamped firmly, the magnet was discharged for 7~21 days, and there was no magnet retention and digestive tract obstruction. Further safety verification, optimization of endoscopic operation, the system can be used in clinical trial.
Anastomosis, Surgical ; Animals ; Constriction ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Magnetics ; Magnets

【Objective】 To investigate the clinical application of self-developed magnetic anchoring device for assisting thoracoscopic pulmonary resection. 【Methods】 Eleven patients underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary assisted with resection magnetic anchoring technique at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, from March to May 2019. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The operation time, blood loss, blood transfusion volume, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications were recorded. 【Results】 There were seven male and four female patients, with the average age of (51.6±13.9) years (range from 22 to 69 years). Three single-port and eight single-utility-port thoracoscopic surgeries were performed. Magnetic instruments provided good surgical field exposure in all operations. Among 11 surgeries, one was converted to thoracotomy and one to three-hole surgery due to enlargement and adhesion of hilar lymph nodes. The operation time was (107.8±63.1) minutes (range of 27-182 minutes). The blood loss was 50 (10-50)mL (range of 5-1 000 mL). No blood transfusion was needed during the operation. The postoperative hospital stay was (5.0±1.8) days (range of 3-9 days). No postoperative complications occurred in all the patients. 【Conclusion】 Magnetic anchor technique can effectively alleviate the "chopstick effect" in thoracoscopic surgery. Magnetic anchor technique is safe and feasible in assisting thoracoscopic pulmonary resection.

Objective To explore the clinical and neuroimaging features of a frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 ( FTDP-17 ) pedigree caused by mutation of microtubule-associated protein tau ( MAPT) gene.Methods The proband and one patient from a FTDP-17 pedigree were assessed through standardized clinical evaluation , neuropsychology assessment , video-electroencephalogrom ,MRI, genetic sequencing , as well as 18 F fludeoxyglucose ( FDG) SPECT for brain metabolism and 11 C 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-( 4-fluoro ) tropane ( CFT ) PET for dopamine transporter ( DAT ) distribution, respectively.Results A FTDP pedigree with 15 patients (6 still alive) was recruited to this study.The proband and one affected patient were genotyped and confirmed as MAPT c .1788T>G mutation. Parkinsonism was the first symptom for both two patients . Personality, speech changes and dementia accompanied with brain atrophy were developed at the later stage in one patient .The 18 F FDG SPECT studies illustrated asymmetric hypometabolism of the temporal , frontal lobes and basal ganglia in two patients . Regarding to the 11 C CFT PET, one affected patient showed asymmetric decreased uptake of tracer in basal ganglia regions.Conclusions FTDP-17 can display a confusingly broad clinical phenotype , with the parkinsonism as the first symptom . Brain glucose metabolism and DAT distribution could be potential biomarkers in early diagnosis of FTDP-17.