Objective: To analyze the structural types of physical fitness, key discriminating indicators, and their interval characteristics among Chinese junior high school students, so as to provide a reference for classification and identification of school based physical fitness monitoring results. Methods: Based on physical fitness surveillance data collected from October to December in 2021 from 40 206 junior high school students in 27 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China, cluster analyses were conducted separately by sex to classify physical fitness structural types. A multiclass classification model was constructed to extract key discriminating indicators for different structural typologies, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) dependence analysis was further applied to characterize their interval features. Results: Four major structural types were identified in both boys and girls:a type characterized by relatively high cardiopulmonary function (C1) (26.4%，21.0%), a balanced physical fitness type (C2) (33.1%，33.1%), a type characterized by relatively weak overall physical fitness (C3) (16.8%，18.9%), and a type characterized by relatively strong overall physical fitness (C4) (23.7%，27.0%). In boys, the key discriminative indicators were mainly pull ups, body mass index (BMI) and the 1 000 meter run; in girls, they were mainly vital capacity, the 800 meter run, and BMI. Some key indicators showed relatively stable interval boundaries across structural types, such as a 1 000 meter run time of ≥5 min 11 s for type C3 in seventh grade boys and an 800 meter run time of ≥4 min 20 s for type C3 in seventh grade girls. Conclusion Four major physical fitness structural types can be identified among Chinese junior high school students, with sex specific patterns in the key discriminative indicators and their interval characteristics.

Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a common sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway collapse and obstruction during sleep.Polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosing OSA,but it is expensive,time-consuming,and can cause discomfort for patients.In recent years,acoustic-based approaches for detecting OSA have emerged as a research focus.This review summarizes recent advances in OSA automatic detection techniques based on snoring and speech signals,and systematically examines their applications in diagnosis,severity assessment,and localization of obstruction sites.Findings indicate that the acoustic features of snoring and speech signals hold significant value for OSA screening,and when combined with machine learning and deep learning models,it can achieve high diagnostic accuracy.Future research should focus on elucidating the relationship between acoustic features and the pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA,integrating multimodal information,and advancing the clinical application of wearable devices,with the aim of promoting intelligent,non-invasive,and cost-effective screening technologies for OSA.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of underscreening among cervical cancer screening participants in Wuxiang County,Shanxi Province in 2019,providing evidence-based support for optimizing mobilization strategies.Methods Data from cervical cancer screening programs conducted between 2019 and 2024 in Wuxiang County were retrospectively collected.The follow-up screening behaviors of women screened in 2019 were analyzed,and factors associated with underscreening were identified.Results A total of 3759 women underwent cervical cancer screening in 2019.Among them,492 women(13.09％)with abnormal primary screening results requiring follow-up in 12 months,yet only 43(8.74％)completed;2154 women(57.30％)with negative liquid-based cytology testing(LCT)results needed re-screening after 3 years,701(32.54％)completed;1113 women(29.61％)with negative HPV/combined results needed re-screening after 5 years,734(65.95％)completed.Overall,2299 women(60.69％)exhibited underscreening.Multivariate analysis showed that underscreening was more likely among community residents than rural residents(OR=2.309,P=0.018),older women(OR=1.065,P＜0.001),those in organized screening compared to opportunistic screening(OR=3.789,P＜0.001),those undergoing LCT(OR=4.607,P＜0.001)or combined screening instead of human papillomavirus testing(OR=3.624,P＜0.001),and those with abnormal screening results(OR=6.859,P＜0.001).Conclusion Substantial proportions of cervical cancer screening participants demonstrate poor adherence to guideline-recommended screening intervals,and particularly need to focus on older women and those with abnormal screening results.Implementation of electronic screening record systems and emphasizing knowledge of periodical screening in health education could enhance compliance with"70％screening coverage"target for cervical cancer prevention.

Objective:To investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)on the proliferation and collagen expression levels of L929 cells,and to clarify its related mechanism.Methods:The BMSCs were extracted from the 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice.The phenotypes of BMSCs were identified by immunofluorescence staining.The L929 cells were divided into control group(L929 cells),co-culture group(L929 cells and BMSCs),inhibitor of Janus kinase(JAK)WP1066 group(WP1066-treated L929 cells and BMSCs),and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)group(DMSO-treated L929 cells and BMSCs).Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to detect the proliferation activities of the L929 cells in various groups at different time points;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of type Ⅰ collagen(Col Ⅰ)and type Ⅲ collagen(Col Ⅲ)in the L929 cells in various groups;immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expressions of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ proteins in the L929 cells in various groups.Results:The fluorescence assay results of surface antigen(SA)showed that the surface markers CD29+,CD45-,CD90+and CD105+were found in the BMSCs.The CCK-8 assay results showed that compared with control group,the proliferation activities of the L929 cells in co-culture group and DMSO group were significantly increased(P＜0.01);compared with co-culture group,the proliferation activity of the L929 cells in WP1066 group was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The Western blotting method results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ proteins in the L929 cells in co-culture group and DMSO group were significantly increased(P＜0.01);compared with co-culture group,the expression levels of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ proteins in the L929 cells in WP1066 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01);compared with DMSO group,the expression levels of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ proteins in the L929 cells in WP1066 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The immunofluorescence staining results showed that compared with control group,the fluorescence intensities of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ proteins in the L929 cells in co-culture group and DMSO group were significantly increased(P＜0.01);compared with co-culture group,the fluorescence intensities of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ in the L929 cells in WP1066 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01);compared with DMSO group,the fluorescence intensities of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ in the L929 cells in WP1066 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion:MSCs can promote the proliferation and collagen production of the L929 cells of the mice through the JAK2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling pathway.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4)is one of the binding receptors for the spike(S)protein of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus(PHEV).To identify the key amino acid binding sites at the interface of DPP4 protein and PHEV spike protein and explore the impact of their mu-tations on viral infection,recombinant plasmids of porcine DPP4,murine DPP4 and human DPP4(pDPP4,mDPP4,hDPP4)and spike protein truncations(S311-608,S13-298)were constructed and co-transfected into HEK293T cells to detect the protein binding by co-immunoprecipitation(CoIP).Simultaneously,the expression of PHEV proteins and genes was detected in DPP4-over-expressing HeLa cells infected by PHEV using Western blot and RT-qPCR.homologues were overexpressed in HeLa cells which were not susceptible to and then inoculated with the virus,and.Subsequently,the important pDPP4 amino acid sites at the interaction interface were mutated one by one using a point mutation kit to construct mutant overexpression plasmids.The mutant and wild-type pDPP4 were co-transfected into HEK293T cells with the spike protein truncations re-spectively to assay the protein interaction ability by co-immunoprecipitation.After HeLa cells over-expressing the mutant and wild-type pDPP4 were infected by PHEV,the replication level of PHEV was detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR.Compared with hDPP4,the pDPP4 and mDPP4 had significantly stronger binding to PHEV spike protein,which significantly promote PHEV infection.Moreover,mutation of pDPP4 glycosylation sites significantly enhanced the inter-action with PHEV spike protein,and the mutation of glycosylation sites(N229,N321)dramatical-ly promoted PHEV infection.The above results indicated that DPP4 glycosylation modification plays an important shielding role in the process of PHEV invading target cells mediated by spike protein.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of underscreening among cervical cancer screening participants in Wuxiang County,Shanxi Province in 2019,providing evidence-based support for optimizing mobilization strategies.Methods Data from cervical cancer screening programs conducted between 2019 and 2024 in Wuxiang County were retrospectively collected.The follow-up screening behaviors of women screened in 2019 were analyzed,and factors associated with underscreening were identified.Results A total of 3759 women underwent cervical cancer screening in 2019.Among them,492 women(13.09％)with abnormal primary screening results requiring follow-up in 12 months,yet only 43(8.74％)completed;2154 women(57.30％)with negative liquid-based cytology testing(LCT)results needed re-screening after 3 years,701(32.54％)completed;1113 women(29.61％)with negative HPV/combined results needed re-screening after 5 years,734(65.95％)completed.Overall,2299 women(60.69％)exhibited underscreening.Multivariate analysis showed that underscreening was more likely among community residents than rural residents(OR=2.309,P=0.018),older women(OR=1.065,P＜0.001),those in organized screening compared to opportunistic screening(OR=3.789,P＜0.001),those undergoing LCT(OR=4.607,P＜0.001)or combined screening instead of human papillomavirus testing(OR=3.624,P＜0.001),and those with abnormal screening results(OR=6.859,P＜0.001).Conclusion Substantial proportions of cervical cancer screening participants demonstrate poor adherence to guideline-recommended screening intervals,and particularly need to focus on older women and those with abnormal screening results.Implementation of electronic screening record systems and emphasizing knowledge of periodical screening in health education could enhance compliance with"70％screening coverage"target for cervical cancer prevention.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4)is one of the binding receptors for the spike(S)protein of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus(PHEV).To identify the key amino acid binding sites at the interface of DPP4 protein and PHEV spike protein and explore the impact of their mu-tations on viral infection,recombinant plasmids of porcine DPP4,murine DPP4 and human DPP4(pDPP4,mDPP4,hDPP4)and spike protein truncations(S311-608,S13-298)were constructed and co-transfected into HEK293T cells to detect the protein binding by co-immunoprecipitation(CoIP).Simultaneously,the expression of PHEV proteins and genes was detected in DPP4-over-expressing HeLa cells infected by PHEV using Western blot and RT-qPCR.homologues were overexpressed in HeLa cells which were not susceptible to and then inoculated with the virus,and.Subsequently,the important pDPP4 amino acid sites at the interaction interface were mutated one by one using a point mutation kit to construct mutant overexpression plasmids.The mutant and wild-type pDPP4 were co-transfected into HEK293T cells with the spike protein truncations re-spectively to assay the protein interaction ability by co-immunoprecipitation.After HeLa cells over-expressing the mutant and wild-type pDPP4 were infected by PHEV,the replication level of PHEV was detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR.Compared with hDPP4,the pDPP4 and mDPP4 had significantly stronger binding to PHEV spike protein,which significantly promote PHEV infection.Moreover,mutation of pDPP4 glycosylation sites significantly enhanced the inter-action with PHEV spike protein,and the mutation of glycosylation sites(N229,N321)dramatical-ly promoted PHEV infection.The above results indicated that DPP4 glycosylation modification plays an important shielding role in the process of PHEV invading target cells mediated by spike protein.

Objective:To analyze the real-world practices of resecting sessile colorectal polyps of varying long diameters using cold forcep polypectomy (CFP), cold snare polypectomy (CSP), or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).Methods:A total of 12 290 nonpedunculated colorectal polyps of long diameter ≤19 mm (from 10 295 patients) were retrospectively enrolled from January 2022 to December 2023. Polypectomy was conducted by 30 endoscopists. The polyps were categorized into three groups based on long diameter: 1-5 mm, >5-10 mm and >10-19 mm, and the differences of polypectomy methods were compared in three groups. The usage of hemostatic clips in CSP among >5-10 mm polyps and the changes in resection methods between 2022 and 2023 were analyzed.Results:CFP (6 769 polyps, 81.7%) was the predominant method for resecting 1-5 mm sessile polyps (8 289 polyps). For sessile polyps sized >5-10 mm (2 455 polyps), CSP was used most (1 372, 55.9%), although its utilization varied significantly among physicians with the median usage rate of 52.9% (40.3%, 60.0%). EMR (1 349 poolyps, 87.3%) was the main method for >10-19 mm sessile polyps. The usage rate of CSP in sessile polypectomy for polyps >5-10 mm significantly increased from 45.7% (503/1 101) in 2022 to 64.2% (869/1 354) in 2023. The overall frequency of using clip in CSP for >5-10 mm sessile polyps was 40.1% (550/1 372), demonstrating notable variability among different endoscopists with median usage rate of 48.3% (29.8%, 67.9%).Conclusion:Varied resection methods are observed among endoscopists for sessile polyps measuring ≤19 mm. CFP is primarily utilized for polyps of 1-5 mm, while CSP is favored for polyps >5-10 mm, with an increasing annual usage rate. EMR is the main approach for the polyps >10-19 mm. Additionally, notable variations in the use of metal clips during CSP are observed among different physicians.

Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a common sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway collapse and obstruction during sleep.Polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosing OSA,but it is expensive,time-consuming,and can cause discomfort for patients.In recent years,acoustic-based approaches for detecting OSA have emerged as a research focus.This review summarizes recent advances in OSA automatic detection techniques based on snoring and speech signals,and systematically examines their applications in diagnosis,severity assessment,and localization of obstruction sites.Findings indicate that the acoustic features of snoring and speech signals hold significant value for OSA screening,and when combined with machine learning and deep learning models,it can achieve high diagnostic accuracy.Future research should focus on elucidating the relationship between acoustic features and the pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA,integrating multimodal information,and advancing the clinical application of wearable devices,with the aim of promoting intelligent,non-invasive,and cost-effective screening technologies for OSA.

Objective:To analyze the real-world practices of resecting sessile colorectal polyps of varying long diameters using cold forcep polypectomy (CFP), cold snare polypectomy (CSP), or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).Methods:A total of 12 290 nonpedunculated colorectal polyps of long diameter ≤19 mm (from 10 295 patients) were retrospectively enrolled from January 2022 to December 2023. Polypectomy was conducted by 30 endoscopists. The polyps were categorized into three groups based on long diameter: 1-5 mm, >5-10 mm and >10-19 mm, and the differences of polypectomy methods were compared in three groups. The usage of hemostatic clips in CSP among >5-10 mm polyps and the changes in resection methods between 2022 and 2023 were analyzed.Results:CFP (6 769 polyps, 81.7%) was the predominant method for resecting 1-5 mm sessile polyps (8 289 polyps). For sessile polyps sized >5-10 mm (2 455 polyps), CSP was used most (1 372, 55.9%), although its utilization varied significantly among physicians with the median usage rate of 52.9% (40.3%, 60.0%). EMR (1 349 poolyps, 87.3%) was the main method for >10-19 mm sessile polyps. The usage rate of CSP in sessile polypectomy for polyps >5-10 mm significantly increased from 45.7% (503/1 101) in 2022 to 64.2% (869/1 354) in 2023. The overall frequency of using clip in CSP for >5-10 mm sessile polyps was 40.1% (550/1 372), demonstrating notable variability among different endoscopists with median usage rate of 48.3% (29.8%, 67.9%).Conclusion:Varied resection methods are observed among endoscopists for sessile polyps measuring ≤19 mm. CFP is primarily utilized for polyps of 1-5 mm, while CSP is favored for polyps >5-10 mm, with an increasing annual usage rate. EMR is the main approach for the polyps >10-19 mm. Additionally, notable variations in the use of metal clips during CSP are observed among different physicians.