AIM: To review and summarize the current research and achievements in the field of diabetic cataract, with the aim of better identifying research hotspots and trends in this area.METHODS: Based on the relevant literature retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science databases, and Pubmed, a bibliometric analysis of the diabetic cataract was conducted by means of Microsoft Office Excel 2017 and CiteSpace 6.3R2. Research hotspots were subsequently synthesized after visualizations of author/country collaborations, co-citation networks of highly cited literature, keyword clustering, and emergence.RESULTS: A total of 815 Chinese and 572 English publications were finally included. Overall, this field had maintained substantial scholarly attention globally, though publications had progressively decreased since 2018. While inter-institutional collaboration in this area remained limited, a multinational collaborative network had emerged with the People's Republic of China, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and the Kingdom of Spain as central hubs. Core research priorities in diabetic cataract consistently encompassed surgical and pharmacological interventions, pathogenesis, associated ocular/systemic complications; while international and domestic research contents aligned fundamentally in these domains, but the domestic research was unique in nursing interventions and herbal medicine-based interventions. Recent analytical trends revealed that Chinese investigations prioritized the pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic cataract, whereas international efforts concentrated on clinical therapeutics.CONCLUSION: This bibliometric analysis of diabetic cataract research literature(2000-2024)synthesizes the current advancements, research priorities, and scholarly contributions in the field, and intuitively demonstrates significant academic merit and clinical relevance, which can provide evidence-based guidance for the future research trajectories.

Objective To analyze the expression and detection significance of community acquired respiratory distress syndrome(CARDS)toxin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)in children with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(SMPP).Methods The BALF samples of children diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)were collected from the Department of Pulmonology,Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from August 2021 to April 2022,the relative expression of CARDS toxins was determined by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).The patients were divided into SMPP group and non-SMPP group(control group).The relative expression of CARDS toxin and other clinical indicators were compared between the two groups.The risk factors of SMPP were analyzed.The predictive value of the indicators was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results ①The relative expression level of CARDS toxin(Z=-6.151),D-dimer(Z=-5.102)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)(Z=-6.337)in SMPP group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.001).The white blood cell(Z=-2.155),neutrophil ratio(t=2.988)and C-reactive protein(CRP)(Z=-3.360)were higher than those in control group(P<0.05).②The relative expression of CARDS toxin was positively correlated with serum LDH(r=0.258,P<0.05).③Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that fever time(OR=1.271,95% CI:1.079-1.497),LDH(OR=1.011,95% CI:1.005-1.017)and CARDS toxin(OR=6.210,95% CI:2.646-14.577)were risk factors for SMPP.Conclusion CARDS toxin was closely related to MPP disease,and was significantly increased in SMPP group.CARDS toxin was one of the independent risk factors for SMPP and positively correlated with serum LDH level.It can be used as a good indicator to evaluate the condition,combined with fever time and LDH has clinical significance.

Objective To analyze the expression and detection significance of community acquired respiratory distress syndrome(CARDS)toxin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)in children with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(SMPP).Methods The BALF samples of children diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)were collected from the Department of Pulmonology,Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from August 2021 to April 2022,the relative expression of CARDS toxins was determined by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).The patients were divided into SMPP group and non-SMPP group(control group).The relative expression of CARDS toxin and other clinical indicators were compared between the two groups.The risk factors of SMPP were analyzed.The predictive value of the indicators was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results ①The relative expression level of CARDS toxin(Z=-6.151),D-dimer(Z=-5.102)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)(Z=-6.337)in SMPP group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.001).The white blood cell(Z=-2.155),neutrophil ratio(t=2.988)and C-reactive protein(CRP)(Z=-3.360)were higher than those in control group(P<0.05).②The relative expression of CARDS toxin was positively correlated with serum LDH(r=0.258,P<0.05).③Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that fever time(OR=1.271,95% CI:1.079-1.497),LDH(OR=1.011,95% CI:1.005-1.017)and CARDS toxin(OR=6.210,95% CI:2.646-14.577)were risk factors for SMPP.Conclusion CARDS toxin was closely related to MPP disease,and was significantly increased in SMPP group.CARDS toxin was one of the independent risk factors for SMPP and positively correlated with serum LDH level.It can be used as a good indicator to evaluate the condition,combined with fever time and LDH has clinical significance.

Objective:To investigate the value of community acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin combined with IFN-γ in the early prediction of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP). Methods:A total of 100 children diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) were selected as the study objects. Among them, 36 cases were diagnosed with RMPP and 64 cases without RMPP were set as control group. The general data, clinical symptoms, signs, laboratory tests and internal and external pulmonary complications were compared between the two groups. The independent risk factors for RMPP was analyzed by Binary Logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the indicators. Results:The fever time and hospital stay in RMPP group were significantly longer than those in control group, the relative expression of CARDS toxin, neutrophil ratio, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels in RMPP group were higher than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that long fever duration, increased expression of IFN-γ and CARDS toxin and extrapulmonary complications were independent risk factors for RMPP. ROC curves were drawn for the three continuous variables of fever time, IFN-γ, and relative expression of CARDS toxin, the sensitivity and specificity of the combined prediction of the three indexes were 86.1% and 73.4%, respectively.Conclusions:CARDS toxin is closely related to MPP. Fever duration, IFN-γ, relative expression of CARDS toxin and extrapulmonary complications are independent risk factors for RMPP. Especially when the fever time is more than 10.5 d, IFN-γ is more than 31.79 pg/ml, and the relative expression of CARDS toxin is more than 1.18, the possibility of RMPP should be noted.

Objective:To investigate the value of community acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin combined with IFN-γ in the early prediction of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP). Methods:A total of 100 children diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) were selected as the study objects. Among them, 36 cases were diagnosed with RMPP and 64 cases without RMPP were set as control group. The general data, clinical symptoms, signs, laboratory tests and internal and external pulmonary complications were compared between the two groups. The independent risk factors for RMPP was analyzed by Binary Logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the indicators. Results:The fever time and hospital stay in RMPP group were significantly longer than those in control group, the relative expression of CARDS toxin, neutrophil ratio, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels in RMPP group were higher than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that long fever duration, increased expression of IFN-γ and CARDS toxin and extrapulmonary complications were independent risk factors for RMPP. ROC curves were drawn for the three continuous variables of fever time, IFN-γ, and relative expression of CARDS toxin, the sensitivity and specificity of the combined prediction of the three indexes were 86.1% and 73.4%, respectively.Conclusions:CARDS toxin is closely related to MPP. Fever duration, IFN-γ, relative expression of CARDS toxin and extrapulmonary complications are independent risk factors for RMPP. Especially when the fever time is more than 10.5 d, IFN-γ is more than 31.79 pg/ml, and the relative expression of CARDS toxin is more than 1.18, the possibility of RMPP should be noted.

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Despite extensive treatment, the prognosis for patients with metastatic cancer remains poor. In addition to conventional surgical resection, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, various nanobiomaterials have attracted attention for their enhanced antitumor performance and low off-target effects. However, nanomedicines exhibit certain limitations in clinical applications, such as rapid clearance from the body, low biological stability, and poor targeting ability. Biomimetic methods utilize the natural biomembrane to mimic or hybridize nanoparticles and circumvent some of these limitations. Considering the involvement of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of the metastatic cascade, biomimetic methods using immune cell membranes have been proposed with unique tumor-homing ability and high biocompatibility. In this review, we explore the impact of immune cells on various processes of tumor metastasis. Furthermore, we summarize the synthesis and applications of immune cell membrane-based nanocarriers increasing therapeutic efficacy against cancer metastases via immune evasion, prolonged circulation, enhanced tumor accumulation, and immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we describe the prospects and existing challenges in clinical translation.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis, treatment, clinical characteristics and potential high-risk factors of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) during the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with pegaspargase.Methods:The medical history, diagnosis and treatment process, laboratory examination and imaging examination results of 3 ALL patients with CVST during pegaspargase treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University in March and November 2021 and September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results:Three patients were all female, with the aged between 15 and 35 years old, including 2 cases of B-ALL and 1 case of T-ALL. All patients developed nervous system symptoms after pegaspargase chemotherapy, and were diagnosed as CVST by imaging examination. During the pegaspargase treatment, 2 patients took norethisterone, and 1 patient underwent induced labor and curettage. The levels of sexual hormones in the 3 patients had non-physiological changes. The main CVST lesions were located in the superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus. One patient had cerebral hemorrhage at the same time. When thrombus occurred, the fibrinogen (Fib), antithrombin Ⅲ (AT Ⅲ) activity, protein C activity and protein S activity of the patients were significantly lower than those before, D-dimer was significantly higher, and lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody were negative. The thrombosis treatment was mainly anticoagulation, and 1 patient underwent thrombolysis. Two patients had no sequelae of nervous system, and 1 patient had the sequelae of muscle weakness.Conclusions:Patients with ALL should be alert to the occurrence of CVST when they have nervous system symptoms during pegaspargase chemotherapy. The diagnosis of CVST mainly depends on cranial imaging. Anticoagulation is the main thrombosis treatment, thrombolysis and interventional thrombectomy are feasible for some patients, with few neurological sequelae. The use of second-generation progesterone drugs and the non-physiological fluctuation of sex hormones may be the potential risk factors of CVST.

OBJECTIVE To prepare celastrol -loaded albumin nanoparticles （CLT-AN），and to investigate their activity against rheumatoid arthritis （RA）in vivo . METHODS CLT-AN was prepared by ultrasonic method . The formulation technology was optimized by single -factor test by taking particle size ，polydispersity index （PDI）and stability as indexes ，with the dosage of CLT ， the dosage of soybean oil and the ultrasonic power as factors . The physical and chemical properties of CLT -AN were investigated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）and laser particle size analyzer ；in vitro stability and release profile were studied . A rat model of adjuvant -induced arthritis was constructed to investigate the effects of CLT -AN on joint swelling ，the levels of serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α）and interleukin -1β（IL-1β）] and pathological state of joint tissue . RESULTS The optimized formulation was CLT 6.5 g，soybean oil 45 mg，ultrasonic power 490 W，ultrasonic time 8 min. CLT- AN prepared by the best formulation showed uniform and spherical morphology . Its particle size ，PDI，Zeta potential were （96.8± 1.1）nm，0.174±0.020，and（－18.6±1.7）mV，respectively. The encapsulation efficiency and drug -loading efficiency were （94.61±0.46）% and（2.42±0.21）%. There were no significant changes in particle size ，PDI，Zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of CLT -AN within 5 days of storage at room temperature . CLT-AN was slowly released in vitro ，and the cumulative release reached 73.56% in 72 h. Compared with CLT ，CLT-AN could significantly inhibit the joint swelling of model rats ，reduced the levels of inflammatory factors TNF -α and IL -1β in serum ，and improved the pathological state of inflammatory joint tissue . CONCLUSIONS CLT-AN prepared by ultrasonic method has the appropriate particle size ，good stability ，significant sustained - release characteristics ，and excellent therapeutic efficacy against RA .

Objective To investigate the optimal gamma passing rate of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) dosimetric verification in the treatment of esophageal cancer using a three-dimensional dose verification system EDoseTM.Methods Twenty five esophageal cancer patients treated by 7-field IMRT were retrospectively reviewed.Measured dose distribution were reconstructed on CT image and evaluated by gamma analysis and DVH metrics using the EDoseTM system.Plans with DVH metrics dose difference ＜ 5％ or with gamma passing ＞ 90％ under 3％/3 mm criteria were accepted.The optimal gamma passing rate for criteria of 5％/3 mm,3％/3 mm,2％/2 mm were investigated by drawing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating the Youden Index.The sensitivity and specificity of the these optimal thresholds in the plan verification were also analyzed.Results The optimal thresholds for global gamma indices with 5％/3 mm,3％/3 mm,2％/2 mm were 98.66％,94.84％,78.56％,respectively.In the 90％ common threshold,The sensitivity and specificity for common 90％ threshold and optimal threshold under 3％/3 mm criteria were 0.17 vs.0.85 and t 0.84 vs.0.27,respectively.The sensitivity and specificity were 0.89,0.65 and 0.23,0.47 for optimal thresholds under 5％/3 mm and 2％/2 mm criteria,respectively.Conclusions The sensitivity of optimal threshold gamma passing rate improved significantly compared with the common threshold (90％) at 3％/3 mm criteria.,The sensitivity and the specificity were more balanced at the 2％/2 mm criteria compared with those at 3％/3 mm criteria.