Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common chronic urinary disease in middle-aged and older men, yet the impact of long-term exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on its pathogenesis remains unclear. Objective To investigate the association between PM exposure and the risk of incident BPH in middle-aged and older men. Methods Based on four waves of follow-up data (2011–2018) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 4766 participants were enrolled. Robust Poisson regression models were employed to assess the association between exposure to PM (PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀) and the risk of incident BPH. Relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Dose-response relationships were fitted using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential effect modifications, and multiple imputation was used to handle missing data. Results Over a mean follow-up of 6 years, 914 incident BPH cases were identified among the4766 participants (cumulative incidence: 19.18%). After adjusting for confounders, each 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ concentrations was associated with a 13.1% (RR=1.131, 95%CI: 1.063, 1.203), 8.5% (RR=1.085, 95%CI: 1.050, 1.122), and 5.1% (RR=1.051, 95%CI: 1.034, 1.069) increased risk of BPH, respectively. RCS analysis showed that no nonlinear relationship was found between PM₁ and PM_2.5 and the risk of BPH (P>0.05); however, a nonlinear association was observed for PM₁₀ (P=0.03), with the risk increment slowing beyond 100 μg·m⁻³. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Conclusion Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter may be associated with an increased risk of incident BPH in middle-aged and older men.

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common chronic urinary disease in middle-aged and older men, yet the impact of long-term exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on its pathogenesis remains unclear. Objective To investigate the association between PM exposure and the risk of incident BPH in middle-aged and older men. Methods Based on four waves of follow-up data (2011–2018) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 4766 participants were enrolled. Robust Poisson regression models were employed to assess the association between exposure to PM (PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀) and the risk of incident BPH. Relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Dose-response relationships were fitted using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential effect modifications, and multiple imputation was used to handle missing data. Results Over a mean follow-up of 6 years, 914 incident BPH cases were identified among the4766 participants (cumulative incidence: 19.18%). After adjusting for confounders, each 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ concentrations was associated with a 13.1% (RR=1.131, 95%CI: 1.063, 1.203), 8.5% (RR=1.085, 95%CI: 1.050, 1.122), and 5.1% (RR=1.051, 95%CI: 1.034, 1.069) increased risk of BPH, respectively. RCS analysis showed that no nonlinear relationship was found between PM₁ and PM_2.5 and the risk of BPH (P>0.05); however, a nonlinear association was observed for PM₁₀ (P=0.03), with the risk increment slowing beyond 100 μg·m⁻³. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Conclusion Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter may be associated with an increased risk of incident BPH in middle-aged and older men.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of a domestic hair follicle extraction system versus traditional follicular unit excision (FUE) in extracting hair follicles for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) .Methods:A multicenter, randomized, self-controlled clinical trial was conducted on AGA patients aged 18 - 59 years who were recruited from the Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, and the China-Japan Friendship Hospital between June 2023 and September 2024. Each patient's scalp was randomly divided into two sides (experimental side vs. control side) using an envelope method. The experimental side underwent robotic hair transplantation with a domestic hair follicle extraction system, and the control side underwent traditional FUE. Hair follicles were extracted from the safe donor area in the occipital region, and implanted into the ipsilateral hair loss area. The primary outcome was the hair transection rate which was calculated immediately after follicular extraction. The secondary outcomes included the hair follicle unit loss rate and the change in hair density at the recipient site on postoperative day 14. Safety was evaluated by assessing the incidence of folliculitis at the donor site on postoperative day 14 and the overall incidence of adverse events. Surgical outcomes were evaluated at 9 months after surgery. Comparisons of evaluation indicators among groups were performed by using a paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results:A total of 55 patients with AGA (51 males and 4 females, aged 32.71 ± 5.75 years) completed the hair follicle transplantation and postoperative follow-up. The hair transection rate ( M[ Q1, Q3]) was 6.65% (4.56%, 10.16%) in the experimental group and 5.28% (3.04%, 8.89%) in the control group (difference = 1.24%, 95% CI: -0.24%, 2.65%) . The hair follicle unit loss rate was 2.00% (1.00%, 3.50%) in the experimental group and 0.50% (0, 2.00%) in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups ( P = 0.008) . On postoperative day 14, there was no significant difference in the hair density between the experimental group and control group (72.20 ± 25.95 per cm 2vs. 76.49 ± 30.84 per cm 2, P = 0.173) . At 9-month follow-up, both groups showed improvement in the investigator's overall score in the recipient areas. Seven adverse events occurred in 7 subjects (12.72%) in each group, and all were mild folliculitis. Conclusion:The domestic hair follicle extraction system demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety to the traditional FUE in hair transplantation.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of a domestic hair follicle extraction system versus traditional follicular unit excision (FUE) in extracting hair follicles for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) .Methods:A multicenter, randomized, self-controlled clinical trial was conducted on AGA patients aged 18 - 59 years who were recruited from the Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, and the China-Japan Friendship Hospital between June 2023 and September 2024. Each patient's scalp was randomly divided into two sides (experimental side vs. control side) using an envelope method. The experimental side underwent robotic hair transplantation with a domestic hair follicle extraction system, and the control side underwent traditional FUE. Hair follicles were extracted from the safe donor area in the occipital region, and implanted into the ipsilateral hair loss area. The primary outcome was the hair transection rate which was calculated immediately after follicular extraction. The secondary outcomes included the hair follicle unit loss rate and the change in hair density at the recipient site on postoperative day 14. Safety was evaluated by assessing the incidence of folliculitis at the donor site on postoperative day 14 and the overall incidence of adverse events. Surgical outcomes were evaluated at 9 months after surgery. Comparisons of evaluation indicators among groups were performed by using a paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results:A total of 55 patients with AGA (51 males and 4 females, aged 32.71 ± 5.75 years) completed the hair follicle transplantation and postoperative follow-up. The hair transection rate ( M[ Q1, Q3]) was 6.65% (4.56%, 10.16%) in the experimental group and 5.28% (3.04%, 8.89%) in the control group (difference = 1.24%, 95% CI: -0.24%, 2.65%) . The hair follicle unit loss rate was 2.00% (1.00%, 3.50%) in the experimental group and 0.50% (0, 2.00%) in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups ( P = 0.008) . On postoperative day 14, there was no significant difference in the hair density between the experimental group and control group (72.20 ± 25.95 per cm 2vs. 76.49 ± 30.84 per cm 2, P = 0.173) . At 9-month follow-up, both groups showed improvement in the investigator's overall score in the recipient areas. Seven adverse events occurred in 7 subjects (12.72%) in each group, and all were mild folliculitis. Conclusion:The domestic hair follicle extraction system demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety to the traditional FUE in hair transplantation.

Objective To compare the interaction efficiency of three human-machine interaction modes with hand-touch control,eye movement control and voice control,based on a multi-channel human-machine interaction system in flight mission scenarios.Methods 20 pilots took part in the study and completed the first level(relatively simple)and second level(relatively complex)interactive experimental tasks in three human-computer interaction modes based on specific flight mission scenarios.The interaction efficiency indicators included the system's interaction time,response time,fusion calculation time,and number of errors.After the experiment was completed,the pilots conducted a subjective evaluation,which included the suitability of the interaction mode to the task,consistency with expected usage,fault-tolerance,effective feedback,and the tendency of the interaction mode to be applied in future flight fields.Results There were generally significant differences in interaction efficiency between hand-touch control,voice control,and eye movement control in flight mission scenarios,but the differences differed in first-level and second-level interaction tasks.Based on the comprehensive interaction experimental tasks at all levels,the experimental results obtained included:(1)the interaction time of hand-touch control was the shortest,the interaction time of voice control was the longest,and the main effect of the interaction mode was significant(F=18.214,P<0.001,η2=0.565);(2)The response time of hand-touch control was the shortest,while the response time of eye movement control was the longest.The main effect of interaction mode was significant(F=153.085,P<0.001,η2=0.944);(3)The fusion calculation time for hand-touch control was the shortest,while the fusion calculation time for voice control was the longest.The main effect of the interaction mode was significant(F=41.702,P<0.001,η2=0.777);(4)The errors in voice control were the least,while those in eye movement control were the most.The main effect of interaction mode was significant(χ2=22.845,P<0.001,φ=1.097);(5)The subjective evaluation scores of pilots on voice control were higher than those on eye movement control,and all had statistical significance(P<0.001,P<0.01).Conclusions This study focuses on flight interaction tasks and compares the interaction efficiency of three interaction modes of hand-touch control,voice control,and eye movement control,through a combination of experiments and subjective evaluations.The differences in various interaction efficiency indicators among different interaction modes are found,and the interaction modes have a significant impact on interaction efficiency.Hand-touch control has a significant advantage in interaction time efficiency,voice control has an advantage in accuracy for simple tasks,while eye movement control has relatively weak time efficiency and accuracy;Compared to eye movement control,pilots exhibit higher evaluations and tendencies towards voice control.The research results can provide reference for the future design,evaluation,and application of multi-modal interaction systems.

Objective To investigate the phenotype and the immunoregulatory function of CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells in peripheral blood samples from mice.Methods The distribution profile and the phenotype of CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells in C57BL/6 mice were detected by flow cytometry.The cytokines released by CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells upon the stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody were analyzed by cytometric bead array.The in vitro immunosuppressive activity of CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells on activated CD4+T cells was analyzed by using flow cytometry and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester ( CFSE ) .An adoptive cell transfer assay was set up to evaluate the immunoprotective effects of CD8αα+TCRαβ+ regulatory T cells in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE) .Results CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells were detected in liver, spleen and peripheral blood samples collected from na?ve C57BL/6 mice.Compared with CD8αβ+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells, CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells showed a memory-activated phenotype of CD25+CD122high CD44high CD62Llow CD69high NK1.1+DX5+.CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells could produce IL-2 after 24 hours stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody, followed by producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-17A and traces of IL-6 and IL-10. In vitro, CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells specifically suppressed the proliferation of activated CD4+T cells ( P<0.01 ).Moreover, they could delay the onset of EAE in mice and reduce clinical score (P<0.01).Conclusion CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells were a unique population with immunoregula-tory function, which could be used as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of autoimmune disease.