BACKGROUND:Relatively or absolutely active bone resorption function of osteoclasts is one of the causative factors of osteoporosis. Therefore,how to inhibit the formation of osteoclasts and reduce the bone resorption activity is a key element in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Liquiritin,which is derived from licorice,plays a role in the clinical treatment of bone diseases,but there are fewer studies addressing the application of liquiritin in osteoporosis and the mechanism is unknown.OBJECTIVE:To confirm,through both in vivo and in vitro experiments,that liquiritin inhibits osteoclast differentiation and alleviates bone loss.METHODS:Cell counting kit-8 was used to detect whether Liquiritin exerts toxic or proliferative effects on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages,and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was performed to observe the effect of liquiritin in inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. The affinity of liquiritin binding to proteins related to osteoclast differentiation was verified by network pharmacology. RT-PCR and western blot assays were performed to detect the inhibitory effects of liquiritin on osteoclast-specific protein and gene expression as well as relevant signaling pathways. Finally,the mitigating effect of liquiritin on bone loss was verified in the C57BL/6J mouse osteoporosis model.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Liquiritin,at concentrations of 20 μmol/L and below,could inhibit the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts. Concurrently,it exhibited a high affinity with osteoclast-specific proteins such as nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1,Cathepsin K,c-Fos,and matrix metalloproteinase 9,and reduced the relative expression levels of these genes and proteins. Liquiritin could also effectively lower the phosphorylation expression level of JNK in the MAPK signaling pathway at the 15th,30th,45th,and 60th minutes,and it could salvage the degradation of nuclear factor-κB inhibitor α in the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway at the 60th minute. In vivo experiments demonstrated that liquiritin could mitigate bone loss caused by osteoclasts and improve parameters related to trabecular bone. To conclude,liquiritin possesses the capacity to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and alleviate bone loss,thereby exerting a protective role against osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND:Relatively or absolutely active bone resorption function of osteoclasts is one of the causative factors of osteoporosis. Therefore,how to inhibit the formation of osteoclasts and reduce the bone resorption activity is a key element in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Liquiritin,which is derived from licorice,plays a role in the clinical treatment of bone diseases,but there are fewer studies addressing the application of liquiritin in osteoporosis and the mechanism is unknown.OBJECTIVE:To confirm,through both in vivo and in vitro experiments,that liquiritin inhibits osteoclast differentiation and alleviates bone loss.METHODS:Cell counting kit-8 was used to detect whether Liquiritin exerts toxic or proliferative effects on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages,and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was performed to observe the effect of liquiritin in inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. The affinity of liquiritin binding to proteins related to osteoclast differentiation was verified by network pharmacology. RT-PCR and western blot assays were performed to detect the inhibitory effects of liquiritin on osteoclast-specific protein and gene expression as well as relevant signaling pathways. Finally,the mitigating effect of liquiritin on bone loss was verified in the C57BL/6J mouse osteoporosis model.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Liquiritin,at concentrations of 20 μmol/L and below,could inhibit the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts. Concurrently,it exhibited a high affinity with osteoclast-specific proteins such as nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1,Cathepsin K,c-Fos,and matrix metalloproteinase 9,and reduced the relative expression levels of these genes and proteins. Liquiritin could also effectively lower the phosphorylation expression level of JNK in the MAPK signaling pathway at the 15th,30th,45th,and 60th minutes,and it could salvage the degradation of nuclear factor-κB inhibitor α in the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway at the 60th minute. In vivo experiments demonstrated that liquiritin could mitigate bone loss caused by osteoclasts and improve parameters related to trabecular bone. To conclude,liquiritin possesses the capacity to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and alleviate bone loss,thereby exerting a protective role against osteoporosis.

Objective: To investigate the frequency of KRAS mutation in mucinous epithelial lesions of the endometrium, and analyze the correlation between KRAS mutation and the clinicopathologic features. Methods: The cohort included forty-three cases of mucinous epithelial lesions of the endometrium selected from July 2015 to October 2017 from Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, and 22 control cases. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Polymerase chain reaction amplification for KRAS exons 2 and 3 was performed, followed by sequencing using capillary electrophoresis. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the prevalence of KRAS mutation among the different groups. Results: The patients′age ranged from 33 to 77 years [mean (55.12±9.34) years, median 55 years]. None of the eight cases of endometrial hyperplasia with mucinous differentiation without atypia showed KRAS mutation. The frequency of KRAS mutations was 1/10 in endometrial atypical hyperplasia, 1/12 in endometrioid carcinoma, 4/11 in endometrial atypical hyperplasia with mucinous differentiation (EAHMD), 6/15 in endometrioid carcinoma with mucinous differentiation (ECMD) and 8/9 in mucinous carcinoma (MC), respectively. The differences were statistically significant between MC versus EC (P<0.01) and MC versus ECMD (P<0.05). Conclusion The high frequency of KRAS mutation in EAHMD, ECMD and MC indicates that KRAS mutational activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of endometrial mucinous carcinoma.

Objective To study the iodine nutritional status among the key population in Chenzhou City of Hunan Province,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).Methods According to the "Hunan Iodized Salt Monitoring Pilot Scheme",total of 11 counties (cities,districts) were selected in Chenzhou City in 2015.One township was selected by east,west,south,north and center in each county (city,district).Four villages were drawn from each township,and 15 households were selected from each village to collect salt samples.Forty children aged 8 to 10 years old (half male half female) were selected from each primary school in each township.Urine samples were taken and the goiter was examined.Totally 20 pregnant women were selected from each township and urine samples were collected.The content of iodine in salt samples and urine samples were detected by the method of direct titration and As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry,respectively.The status of goiter was detected using palpation.Results Totally 3 300 salt samples were detected in 2015,the median of salt iodine content was 25.2 mg/kg.The coverage and qualified iodized salt consumption rates were 99.61％ (3 287/3 300) and 95.30％ (3 145/3 300),respectively,which achieved the standard for the elimination of IDD.Totally 2 200 urine samples of children aged 8 to 10 years old were tested,the median of urinary iodine was 238.98 μg/L.There was variations of urinary iodine in children aged 8 to 10 years old in each county (H =32.25,P ＜ 0.01).Totally 2 200 children aged 8 to 10 years old were checked,and no goiter was found.Totally 1 100 urine samples of pregnant women were detected,the median of urinary iodine was 204.25 μg/L.There was variations of urinary iodine in pregnant women in each county (H =117.47,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Totally,the iodine nutritional status among the key population is appropriate in Chenzhou City.However,surveillance and health education should be continuously strengthened in the future.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnosis and treatment of the fungal ball rhino-sinusitis. METHOD: The clinical data of 128 cases with the fungal ball rhino-sinusitis in our hospital between September 2005 and January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were accepted nasal endoscopic surgery and followed up after surgery. The diagnosis were confirmed by postoperative pathological examination. RESULT: The sinus of all patients epithelialized after the surgery from fourth to ninth weeks, one case recurred eight months later. CONCLUSION Sinus CT scan and nasal endoscopy were very important to the diagnosis of the fungal ball rhino-sinusitis, and nasal endoscopic surgery is the most important treatment method to fungal ball rhino-sinusitis.
Adult ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Under the endeavor of several generations,department of pharmacology,school of pharmaceutical sciences,Central South University,now has become the national key discipline.It is in possession of the right to confer master and doctor degree and is a mobile postdoctoral station.In 2004,department of pharmacology gained the national exquisite course.In recent years,taking the chance of welcoming the teaching evaluation of the ministry of education,a series of teaching reform and investigation has been carried out which can both improve the standards of teaching and accelerate the stable progression of the discipline.

The article introduces characteristics of problem-based learning teaching method and traditionary medical teaching method,analyzes the current status and practical importance of pharmacology teaching with PBL,and suggests promoting the development of the teaching of pharmacology with PBL by reforming teaching approach and altering teaching thought.