Objective To investigate the effects of paravertebral nerve block(PVNB)under thoracoscopic direct vision on postoperative pain,stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy under general anesthesia.Methods A total of 104 patients who were scheduled to undergo thoracoscopic lobectomy in the hospital from January 2021 to August 2023 were enrolled in this study.They were divided into the control group(52 cases)and the observation group(52 cases)using the random number table.The control group was given general anesthesia,and the observation group was given PVNB on the basis of general anesthesia.Both groups received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)after surgery.Visual analogue pain(VAS)scores were recorded 1 hour(T1),6 hours(T2),12 hours(T3),24 hours(T4)and 48 hours(T5)after surgery in both groups.The drug use for PCIA,postoperative stress response,changes in T lymphocyte subsets,and incidence rates of adverse reactions in the two groups were analyzed.Results From T,to T5,VAS scores of the two groups increased firstly and then decreased.From T,to T4,VAS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).The first pressing time of PCIA in the observation group[(11.18±3.29)h]was longer than that in the control group[(9.61±2.48)h].The pressing times of PCIA and dosage of sufentanil[(4.63±1.51)times and(46.29±6.24)ml]were lower than those in the control group[(7.22±1.86)times and(55.41±7.88)ml](P＜0.05).At 24 h after surgery,the levels of cortisol,norepinephrine and blood glucose in the observation group[(252.27±19.75)ng/ml,(346.63±25.06)ng/ml and(5.48±0.72)mmol/L]were lower than those in the control group[(275.78±21.46)ng/ml,(381.71±23.71)ng/ml and(6.03±0.64)mmol/L](P＜0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T lymphocyte count and CD4+/CD8+T lymphocyte count in the observation group[(0.57±0.05)× 109/L,(0.39±0.04)× 109/L,(0.26±0.02)× 109/L and(1.50±0.35)]were higher than those in the control group[(0.55±0.05)× 109/L,(0.36±0.03)× 109/L,(0.29±0.04)× 109/L and(1.24±0.31)](P＜0.05).The incidence rates of adverse reactions in the two groups were 1.92％and 2.77％,without statistically significant difference between groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Applying PVTB under thoracoscopic direct vision to patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy under general anesthesia is beneficial for reducing postoperative pain,stress response,and the influence on immune system.

Objective To investigate the effects of paravertebral nerve block(PVNB)under thoracoscopic direct vision on postoperative pain,stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy under general anesthesia.Methods A total of 104 patients who were scheduled to undergo thoracoscopic lobectomy in the hospital from January 2021 to August 2023 were enrolled in this study.They were divided into the control group(52 cases)and the observation group(52 cases)using the random number table.The control group was given general anesthesia,and the observation group was given PVNB on the basis of general anesthesia.Both groups received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)after surgery.Visual analogue pain(VAS)scores were recorded 1 hour(T1),6 hours(T2),12 hours(T3),24 hours(T4)and 48 hours(T5)after surgery in both groups.The drug use for PCIA,postoperative stress response,changes in T lymphocyte subsets,and incidence rates of adverse reactions in the two groups were analyzed.Results From T,to T5,VAS scores of the two groups increased firstly and then decreased.From T,to T4,VAS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).The first pressing time of PCIA in the observation group[(11.18±3.29)h]was longer than that in the control group[(9.61±2.48)h].The pressing times of PCIA and dosage of sufentanil[(4.63±1.51)times and(46.29±6.24)ml]were lower than those in the control group[(7.22±1.86)times and(55.41±7.88)ml](P＜0.05).At 24 h after surgery,the levels of cortisol,norepinephrine and blood glucose in the observation group[(252.27±19.75)ng/ml,(346.63±25.06)ng/ml and(5.48±0.72)mmol/L]were lower than those in the control group[(275.78±21.46)ng/ml,(381.71±23.71)ng/ml and(6.03±0.64)mmol/L](P＜0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T lymphocyte count and CD4+/CD8+T lymphocyte count in the observation group[(0.57±0.05)× 109/L,(0.39±0.04)× 109/L,(0.26±0.02)× 109/L and(1.50±0.35)]were higher than those in the control group[(0.55±0.05)× 109/L,(0.36±0.03)× 109/L,(0.29±0.04)× 109/L and(1.24±0.31)](P＜0.05).The incidence rates of adverse reactions in the two groups were 1.92％and 2.77％,without statistically significant difference between groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Applying PVTB under thoracoscopic direct vision to patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy under general anesthesia is beneficial for reducing postoperative pain,stress response,and the influence on immune system.

Objective To observe the effect of different doses of esketamine on early mood in pa-tients with preoperative anxiety after thoracoscopic surgery.Methods Eighty patients with preoperative anx-iety before thoracoscopic surgery,37 males and 43 females,aged 25-64 years,BMI 18-26 kg/m2,ASA physical statusⅠ-Ⅲwere selected.According to random number table,the patients were randomly divided into four groups:control group(group C),esketamine 0.1 mg/kg group(group E1),esketamine 0.2 mg/kg group(group E2),and esketamine 0.3 mg/kg group(group E3),20 patients in each group.In groups E1,E2,and E3,the patients were slowly injected with corresponding doses of esketamine intrave-nously 30 minutes before the end of the operation,and the patients in group C were given 10 ml of normal saline at the same time.The 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale(GAD-7)score and hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)score were evaluated 24 hours before surgery,24,48,72,and 120 hours af-ter surgery,respectively.Peripheral venous blood(5 ml)was collected at the same time points,and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)concentration was detected by ELISA.NRS scores at rest and ex-ercise were recorded 12 and 24 hours after surgery.The number of remedial analgesia and the number of ef-fective compressions of analgesia pump within 48 hours after surgery were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the scores of GAD-7 and HADS in groups E1,E2,and E3 were significantly decreased 24,48,and 72 hours after surgery(P＜0.05).And compared with groups E1 and E2,the scores of GAD-7 and HADS in group E3 were significantly lower(P＜0.05).The serum BDNF level in groups E1,E2,and E3 were significantly increased compared with group C 24,48,and 72 hours after surgery(P＜0.05).Compared with group E1 and E2,the serum BDNF level in group E3 was significantly higher(P＜0.05).Compared with group C,the NRS scores at rest 12 and 24 hours and the scores at exercise 12 hours after surgery in groups E1,E2,and E3 were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).And compared with groups E1 and E2,the scores in group E3 were significantly lower(P＜0.05).The number of postoperative remedial analgesia and the number of effective compressions of analgesia pump in groups E1,E2,and E3 were signif-icantly decreased compared with group C within 48 hours after surgery(P＜0.05).And compared with groups E1 and E2,the number in group E3 was significantly lower(P＜0.05).Conclusion Single intra-venous injection of esketamine 0.1,0.2,and 0.3 mg/kg can improve early postoperative mood of patients with anxiety before thoracoscopic surgery,and esketamine 0.3 mg/kg has better anti-anxiety effect.