OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of the circadian clock gene period circadian regulator 1(PER1)and the tumor suppressor gene serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5(SPINK5)in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC),and to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which PER1 regulates SPINK5 transcription via the NF-κB signaling pathway.METHODS Differentially expressed genes in HNSCC were screened using The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and GSE205155 datasets.The association between SPINK5 expression and patient prognosis was assessed via the GEPIA database.mRNA and protein expression levels of SPINK5 and PER1 in 60 clinical samples were detected by RT-qPCR,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot.PER1 knockdown(using siRNA)and overexpression(via plasmid transfection)were performed in the AMC-HN-8 cell line.Wound healing and colony formation assays were applied to evaluate the effects of PER1,SPINK5,and their interaction on HNSCC cell migration and proliferation.Western blot was utilized to examine the regulatory effect of NF-κB on SPINK5.RESULTS SPINK5 and PER1 were significantly downregulated in HNSCC tissues(all P<0.01),and their low expression was correlated with poor patient prognosis(for SPINK5,HR=0.69,P=0.006 7).A significant positive correlation was observed between PER1 and SPINK5 expression(R2=0.719 2,P=0.001 0).Knockdown and overexpression of PER1 respectively resulted in synchronous alterations in SPINK5 mRNA levels(all P<0.05).PER1 knockdown enhanced cell migration and proliferation(P<0.05),whereas SPINK5 overexpression suppressed these capabilities(P<0.01).Importantly,SPINK5 overexpression reversed the phenotypic changes induced by PER1 knockdown.Mechanistically,PER1 overexpression led to concomitant changes in NF-κB expression,activating the NF-κB pathway and thereby promoting SPINK5 transcription.CONCLUSION PER1 positively regulates SPINK5 transcription via the NF-κB pathway,inhibiting HNSCC cell proliferation and migration.These findings suggest that PER1 and SPINK5 may serve as potential therapeutic targets for HNSCC.

With the rapid advancement of refractive surgery, small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)has become a mainstream procedure due to its biomechanical advantage in preserving the integrity of the anterior elastic layer and epithelium. However,postoperative stromal tissue removal and stress redistribution may still compromise corneal biomechanical stability, potentially affecting long-term corneal stability and visual quality. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying biomechanical changes after SMILE, summarizing recent findings on corneal thinning, reduced mechanical strength, and stress remodeling, and their impact on corneal morphology and visual quality. It further explores potential contributors to postoperative ectasia, increased higher-order aberrations(HOAs), and visual fluctuations, highlighting individual variability and current controversies in the literature. Moreover, current evidence on adjunctive strategies such as corneal cross-linking(CXL)in enhancing biomechanical strength, reducing complications, and improving optical quality was analyzed. Finally, optimal timing for CXL, threshold values of biomechanical metrics, and the role of individualized preoperative assessment and postoperative management was discussed, aiming to provide a theoretical and clinical basis for improving safety and visual outcomes following SMILE.

ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanisms of a baicalin-geniposide combination against cerebral ischemia using a network pharmacology strategy.MethodWe used network pharmacology integrating drug-target-disease interactions to identify key pathways which were validated in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model treated with baicalin (55 mg/kg), geniposide (5 mg/kg), or their 11:1 combination. Therapeutic efficacy and mechanistic insights were evaluated using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, Evans blue assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot.ResultsThe results revealed that the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway is inhibited in combination treatment of cerebral ischemia. Ten targets were identified as key nodes in the protein–protein interaction network: interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β, interleukin 18, C–C motif ligand 2, C–C motif ligand 4, interleukin 10, interferon-γ-inducible protein 10, C–C motif ligand 3, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α. The baicalin-geniposide combination significantly reduced infarct volume, improved neurological deficits, and alleviated brain edema/blood–brain barrier leakage compared with monotherapy. Additionally, it significantly inhibited toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling and downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 levels.ConclusionThe baicalin-geniposide combination alleviated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by synergistically suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and its downstream inflammatory factors.

By sorting out and analyzing the contents about pulse diagnosis in Tanksuqnameh, it was found that in terms of pulse theory, the book contains academic viewpoints of different periods and doctors about three portions and nine readings pulse method and nutritive qi operation law in Huang Di Nei Jing, the Cunkou pulse-taking method and the Cunguanchi theory in Nan Jing, the Renying and Qikou pulse-taking method and the three-region pulse-taking method in Mai Jing, and the seven superficies-indicating, eight interior-indicating and nine channels pulse of Mai Jue, etc.; in terms of pulse theory interpretation, multiple annotations from famous doctors are cited, and TCM basic theories and knowledge of astronomy and mathematics are applied, combined with the background of ancient Iranian medicine and local medical experience for explanation; in terms of pulse diagnosis techniques, pulse diagnosis techniques such as "three fingers determining three guan", "adjusting finger density", "floating and sinking pulse", "foot back pulse breaking life and death" were recorded in books of Nan Jing, Mai Jue, Lei Zheng Huo Ren Shu, etc.; in terms of influencing pulse factors, the male and female pulse, physical pulse, and four time pulse were recorded. Tanksuqnameh is a universal work of Persian Traditional Chinese Medicine, compiled by the author Rashid-ul-Din based on his research on Chinese culture and medical knowledge, combined with the unique customs, language and culture, and way of thinking in the Middle East region, to reorganize various pulse theories from before the Han Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties in China. The publication of this book indicates that TCM pulse diagnosis had been promoted to the Middle East in the 14th century and provided valuable experience for local medical development. The author's sense of identification and research spirit towards different cultures provide a historical example for achieving cross-cultural communication between TCM and medicine in different regions. The preserved literature from the Tang and Song Dynasties in the book can provide clues for a deeper understanding of ancient pulse theory in TCM, but some details do not explain thoroughly or does not match the current clinical practice. Therefore, attention should be paid to distinguishing in research and application.

Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of enzalutamide in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer from the perspective of healthcare in China.Methods Based on the published phase Ⅲ randomized controlled trial(ENZAMET),the disease process of metastatic prostate cancer was classified into three states:progression-free survival,progression survival and death,and the model period was defined as 28 days,and the study period was lifelong,and a Markov model was established to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the treatment of enzalutamide versus standard antiandrogen drugs in metastatic prostate cancer.Setting the willingness-to-pay(WTP)threshold at 3 times our 2022 gross domestic product(GDP)per capita and the robustness of the model analysis was verified by sensitivity analysis.Results Compared to the control group standard antiandrogen therapy,the incremental effect of enzalutamide was 0.92 quality-adjusted life years(QALYs),the incremental cost was 311 863.30 yuan,and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER)was 338 981.85 yuan/QALY,which was higher than WTP threshold(257 094 yuan/QALY).The results of univariate sensitivity analyses showed that the total cost of the enzalutamide group,the PFS utility value,the cost of the PD status of enzalutamide group,and the unit price of enzalutamide had a greater impact on the model results.The results of the probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggested that the enzalutamide treatment regimen was not economical within the willingness-to-pay threshold of 3 times our 2022 GDP per capita.Conclusion Compared with the standard anti-androgen drugs,enzalutamide does not offer a cost-effectiveness advantage in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.

Professor establishes "scalp acupuncture line" guided by the scalp acupuncture points of international standardization and traditional meridian theory, which can be used to treat tic disorder. With a case, professor 's needling experience for tic disorder is introduced in detail and summarized in order to provide reference for the treatment of the disease.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Meridians ; Tic Disorders ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of New Qingkailing injection (NQKLI) on cerebral edema following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induced by collagenase VII in rats.

METHODSAfter being established into ICH model by collagenase VII, rats were treated with NQKLI by intraperitoneal injection. Forty-eight hrs later, brain contents of water was detected with wet and dry method, calcium content in brain was detected by atomic spectrophotometer, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in brain tissue was determined by liquid competitive ibhibitory immunoassay, and serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively.

RESULTSNQKLI reduced the contents of water, calcium and TNF-alpha content of brain tissue and serum MMP-9 in rats with ICH.

CONCLUSIONNQKLI could alleviate both vasogenic and cytotoxic cerebral edema by prohibiting calcium over-load, protecting basilar membrane and eliminating inflammation.

Animals ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; metabolism ; therapy ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; chemically induced ; complications ; Collagenases ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Injections ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Neuroprotective Agents ; administration & dosage ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism