Methods: Cervical radiographs were analyzed. EOP hyperplasia was classified into three subtypes with standardized length measurements. Variables encompassed demographics, ONL-related indices, and sagittal parameters. Subtype comparisons and multivariate regression analyses (with EOP length as dependent variable) were conducted. Results: Analysis of 187 CSM patients (64.2% male) identified gender-specific patterns: males exhibited greater EOP length (9.4±6.8 mm vs. 4.6±3.4 mm, p<0.001). Type III EOP demonstrated male predominance (82.4% vs. type I 31.8%, type II 51.4%; p<0.001), with associated longer hyperplasia length (11.6±6.6 mm vs. type II 5.1±1.9 mm, p<0.001). Type III EOP was associated with higher ONL prevalence (type III 64.8% vs. type I 45.5%, type II 41.9%; p=0.010) and longer ONL osteophyte length (type III 18.8±9.8 mm vs. type I 14.2±8.1 mm, type II 14.2±9.4 mm; p=0.046). Multivariate regression confirmed male sex (β=–3.82, p=0.009), ONL osteophyte length (β=0.16, p=0.017), T1 slope (β=0.27, p=0.041), and spino-cranial angle (β=–0.19, p=0.009) as factors independently associated with EOP length (adjusted R²=0.382). Conclusions Severe EOP hyperplasia exhibits a male-predominant distribution pattern and demonstrates significant radiological associations with ONL and cervical sagittal imbalance in CSM patients. These findings advocate for EOP evaluation in clinical evaluations to identify high-risk biomechanical profiles.

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging features of the aquaporin-4 (AQP4)antibody-negative binocular optic neuritis and to analyze the predictive factors of visual function outcome.Methods Fifty-eight patients with AQP4-negative binocular optic neuritis were reviewed and followed up from January 2014 to December 2015.Patients at baseline and at the end of follow-up were evaluated for visual function and neurological examination.All patients underwent optic nerve and brain MRI, cerebrospinal fluid and routine laboratory tests.Results AQP4 antibody-negative binocular optic neuritis accounted for 9.4%(58/615)of the total optic neuritis in the same period.At baseline, 99 eyes (85.3%,99/116)had best corrected visual acuity<0.1.At the end of follow-up, 31 eyes(26.7%,31/116) had best corrected visual acuity < 0.1. There were 43 cases (74.1%, 43/58) with multi-segment involvement of optic nerve at the baseline.Baseline visual acuity(P=0.005), early treatment response (P=0.011), and segment numbers of optic nerve involvement(P=0.025)were independently associated with end-point outcome of visual function.Forty-nine patients(84.5%,49/58)showed monophasic course in (3.1 ± 0.9) years follow-up period, 7 cases (12.1%, 7/58) had recurrence, and 2 cases (3.4%, 2/58) converted to neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Conclusions AQP4 antibody-negative binocular optic neuritis is common and the recovery of visual function is not satisfied. Baseline visual function and the length of optic lesion in MRI is related to the end-point prognosis. Most patients performs the single phase course during the follow-up period.

Objective To analyze the clinical features, recurrent characters in patients with recurrent Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS). Methods The clinical data of 24 hospitalized patients with recurrent THS from January 2006 to May 2016 were collected The general features, clinical manifestations, disease courses, recurrent features, lab and imaging studies, treatment measures and outcoming of recurrent THS patients was investigated , and compared with 69 patients with first attack THS in corresponding period. Results Recurrent THS patients were 25.8%(24/93) of total THS. The male rate in recurrent group was significantly higher than that in first attack group: 66.7%(16/24) vs. 42.0%(29/69), P<0.05. The involved rate of trigeminal nerves in recurrent group was significantly lower than that in first attack group:16.7%(4/24) vs. 33.0%(23/69), P<0.05. The disease courses were from 3 months to 20 years. The total recurrent frequencies were from 2 to 10 times. The recurrence occurred in the same side in 18 patients, and in contralateral in other 6 patients. The intervals were from 3 months to 6 years, and average intervals were 1.9 years. Two patients recurred in hormone reduction, and 22 patients recurred in hormone withdrawal. All cases received MRI examination. Nineteen patients (79.2%) of them had lesions in cavernous sinus. 16 patients had one side lesions and 3 patients had bilateral lesions. The recurrent patients still had good responds to corticosteroids treatment. Conclusions Recurrences in THS are common, taking place in about 26%total patients, and usually at an interval of months or years from the initial attack. These recurrences may be ipsilateral, contralateral, or rarely, bilateral. Corticosteroids are still effective to recurrent cases.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of oseltamivir in children with influenza H1N1.Methods The medical records of patients who were hospitalized and treated with oseltamivir in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from Mar.2009 to Mar.2016 were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into two groups according to the age: children group (≤14 years) and adults group (18-60 years).The duration of fever, length of stay, efficacy and adverse drug reactions were analyzed.Results A total of 349 patients were enrolled into the analysis.There were 159 cases in the children group which comprised 87 male and 72 female, aged from 10 months to 14 years with average age of (7±4) years, including 18 severe cases (11.3%).There were 190 cases in the adults group which comprised 117 male and 73 female, aged from 18 to 60 years with average age of (32±12) years, including 19 severe cases (10.0%).The differences in duration of fever and the length of stay between mild patients of the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05).The duration of fever and the length of stay were shorter in severe patients of children group than in severe patients of adults group [(2.3±1.3)d vs.(5.2±5.3)d, (6.8±4.4)d vs.(12.7±8.1)d, both P<0.05].The rate of efficacy of the children group and the adults group were 100.0% (159/159) and 99.5% (189/190).There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.839, P>0.05).There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse events between the two groups [5.0% (8/159) vs.3.7% (7/190), χ2=0.382, P>0.05].Conclusion Oseltamivir is effective in the children with influenza H1N1 and it is safe with a low incidence of adverse reactions.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of oseltamivir in children with influenza H1N1.Methods The medical records of patients who were hospitalized and treated with oseltamivir in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from Mar.2009 to Mar.2016 were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into two groups according to the age: children group (≤14 years) and adults group (18-60 years).The duration of fever, length of stay, efficacy and adverse drug reactions were analyzed.Results A total of 349 patients were enrolled into the analysis.There were 159 cases in the children group which comprised 87 male and 72 female, aged from 10 months to 14 years with average age of (7±4) years, including 18 severe cases (11.3%).There were 190 cases in the adults group which comprised 117 male and 73 female, aged from 18 to 60 years with average age of (32±12) years, including 19 severe cases (10.0%).The differences in duration of fever and the length of stay between mild patients of the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05).The duration of fever and the length of stay were shorter in severe patients of children group than in severe patients of adults group [(2.3±1.3)d vs.(5.2±5.3)d, (6.8±4.4)d vs.(12.7±8.1)d, both P<0.05].The rate of efficacy of the children group and the adults group were 100.0% (159/159) and 99.5% (189/190).There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.839, P>0.05).There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse events between the two groups [5.0% (8/159) vs.3.7% (7/190), χ2=0.382, P>0.05].Conclusion Oseltamivir is effective in the children with influenza H1N1 and it is safe with a low incidence of adverse reactions.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of human serum albumin in treatment of patients with ascites due to cirrhosis.Methods Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBase,Web of Science,CBM,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Database were searched by using keywords "ascites","albumin","cirrhosis" and "randomized controlled trials".The full text papers of randomized controlled trials (RCT) about human albumin treatment in patients with ascites due to cirrhosis were collected.The articles were selected and evaluated according to the inclusion criteria.The related information was statistically analyzed with RevMan 5.2 software,the relative risk (RR) and 95％ confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.The patients in experimental group received Ⅳ infusion of human serum albumin.The patients in control group received isotonic 0.9％ sodium chloride injection or artificial colloid (such as hetastarch,dextran,polygeline etc.) or no drugs.The efficacy and safety were compared between the 2 groups.Results A total of 688 related articles were searched and 13 RCT were enrolled into the study finally.There were 11 articles in English and 2 in Chinese.A total of 1 152 patients were entered in the study.The results of Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of hyponatremia in the experimental group (7.67％) was lower than that in the control group (14.66％),the difference was statistically significant(RR =0.60,95％ CI:0.41 ～ 0.88,P =0.008).The differences of the ascites regression rates (91.67％ vs.88.44％),the incidences of renal injury (5.12％ vs.6.93％),the incidences of infection (5.04％ vs.4.93％),the incidences of hepatic encephalopathy (5.90％ vs.5.00％),the incidences of hemorrhage of digestive tract (2.57％ vs.2.73％),the incidences of hyperpotassemia (1.09％ vs.6.45％),the rehospitalization rates (52.15％ vs.61.82％),the rehospitalization rates due to ascites (38.68％ vs.41.85％),the hospital mortality (3.80％ vs.4.54％),and the total mortality rates (21.40％ vs.24.83％) between the experimental group and the control group were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).The difference of incidence of adverse reactions between the experimental group and the control group (3.13％ vs.3.05％) was not statistically significant (P =0.97).Conclusion The present study can not demonstrate the obvious differences in curative effect and safety between the therapies of Ⅳ infusion of human serum albumin and artifical colloid or chloride in treatment of patients with ascites due to cirrhosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of human serum albumin in treatment of patients with ascites due to cirrhosis.Methods Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBase,Web of Science,CBM,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Database were searched by using keywords "ascites","albumin","cirrhosis" and "randomized controlled trials".The full text papers of randomized controlled trials (RCT) about human albumin treatment in patients with ascites due to cirrhosis were collected.The articles were selected and evaluated according to the inclusion criteria.The related information was statistically analyzed with RevMan 5.2 software,the relative risk (RR) and 95％ confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.The patients in experimental group received Ⅳ infusion of human serum albumin.The patients in control group received isotonic 0.9％ sodium chloride injection or artificial colloid (such as hetastarch,dextran,polygeline etc.) or no drugs.The efficacy and safety were compared between the 2 groups.Results A total of 688 related articles were searched and 13 RCT were enrolled into the study finally.There were 11 articles in English and 2 in Chinese.A total of 1 152 patients were entered in the study.The results of Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of hyponatremia in the experimental group (7.67％) was lower than that in the control group (14.66％),the difference was statistically significant(RR =0.60,95％ CI:0.41 ～ 0.88,P =0.008).The differences of the ascites regression rates (91.67％ vs.88.44％),the incidences of renal injury (5.12％ vs.6.93％),the incidences of infection (5.04％ vs.4.93％),the incidences of hepatic encephalopathy (5.90％ vs.5.00％),the incidences of hemorrhage of digestive tract (2.57％ vs.2.73％),the incidences of hyperpotassemia (1.09％ vs.6.45％),the rehospitalization rates (52.15％ vs.61.82％),the rehospitalization rates due to ascites (38.68％ vs.41.85％),the hospital mortality (3.80％ vs.4.54％),and the total mortality rates (21.40％ vs.24.83％) between the experimental group and the control group were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).The difference of incidence of adverse reactions between the experimental group and the control group (3.13％ vs.3.05％) was not statistically significant (P =0.97).Conclusion The present study can not demonstrate the obvious differences in curative effect and safety between the therapies of Ⅳ infusion of human serum albumin and artifical colloid or chloride in treatment of patients with ascites due to cirrhosis.

Objective To evaluate the skills in using inhalers among the asthmatic patients who visited the out-patient clinic and whether or not the nursing intervention could further improve the efficacy of the drug delivery device. Methods 321 asthmatic patients who had visited the clinic and prescribed inhalers from April to December 2009 were investigated of the basic status, former medication history and skills in using metered dose inhaler (MDI) and dry powder inhaler (DPI). Nursing intervention had been carried out and the results were analyzed. Results Subjects belonging to different educational level groups were significantly different in mastering skills using MDI and DPI after reading instructions. There also existed significant difference between MDI and DPI users. Among patients who had already used inhalers, there was significant difference between subjects who had received instruction from medical personnel and subjects who had only read paper directions. Nursing intervention could significantly improve the skills in handling the device. Conclusions Proper skills in using inhalers could not be possessed just by reading paper directions. Instructions or even multimedia presentation from medical personnel are vital for asthmatic patients to master the skills in using MDI and DPI.