Varicella, often referred to as chickenpox, is a widespread acute infectious condition triggered by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It manifests with systemic symptoms and distinct skin and mucosal eruptions, including macules, papules, and vesicles. Although it mainly affects children, the disease is typically more severe in teenagers and adults. Following the adoption of vaccine-based control measures in China, there has been a noticeable trend of varicella affecting older demographics, leading to an uptick in cases among teenagers and adults. This review synthesizes the latest research on the clinical symptoms, epidemiological trends, and immunization strategies for varicella in these age groups, both domestic and aboard. The goal is to enhance strategies for prevention and control, support the development of tailored immunization policies, and underscore the critical role of the varicella vaccine in comprehensive health management across all ages.

Immunization represents the most effective strategy for the prevention and control of diseases. Nevertheless, some people may still get infected and contract the disease even after being fully vaccinated, which is known as a "breakthrough case." The presence of breakthrough cases shows that although vaccines significantly lower the rates of disease and death, they do not entirely eliminate the risk of illness.Addressing breakthrough cases, comprehending their epidemiological characteristics, and identifying the associated factors carry substantial public health implications for vaccine development, the optimization of vaccination strategies, and the implementation of intervention efforts. This review aims to provide a scientific reference for enhancing the prevention and control of vaccine-preventable diseases by summarizing the definitions, epidemiological characteristics, and relevant factors related to breakthrough infection cases across various diseases.

Varicella, often referred to as chickenpox, is a widespread acute infectious condition triggered by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It manifests with systemic symptoms and distinct skin and mucosal eruptions, including macules, papules, and vesicles. Although it mainly affects children, the disease is typically more severe in teenagers and adults. Following the adoption of vaccine-based control measures in China, there has been a noticeable trend of varicella affecting older demographics, leading to an uptick in cases among teenagers and adults. This review synthesizes the latest research on the clinical symptoms, epidemiological trends, and immunization strategies for varicella in these age groups, both domestic and aboard. The goal is to enhance strategies for prevention and control, support the development of tailored immunization policies, and underscore the critical role of the varicella vaccine in comprehensive health management across all ages.

Immunization represents the most effective strategy for the prevention and control of diseases. Nevertheless, some people may still get infected and contract the disease even after being fully vaccinated, which is known as a "breakthrough case." The presence of breakthrough cases shows that although vaccines significantly lower the rates of disease and death, they do not entirely eliminate the risk of illness.Addressing breakthrough cases, comprehending their epidemiological characteristics, and identifying the associated factors carry substantial public health implications for vaccine development, the optimization of vaccination strategies, and the implementation of intervention efforts. This review aims to provide a scientific reference for enhancing the prevention and control of vaccine-preventable diseases by summarizing the definitions, epidemiological characteristics, and relevant factors related to breakthrough infection cases across various diseases.

Objective: To analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the construction on intelligent vaccination clinics in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide countermeasures for promoting the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics in Zhejiang Province. Methods: By reviewing the annual reports of Zhejiang immunization planning, survey data from Zhejiang Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Immunization Intelligent Service System, data of human resources of immunization planning, vaccine procurement, construction progress of intelligent vaccination clinics and vaccination were collected. The relevant literature was searched to gather information on the construction standards and norms of intelligent vaccination clinics. The analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics was conducted, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were proposed. Results: The National Immunization Program reported vaccine rate in Zhejiang Province is more than 99%, and standardized vaccination clinics have been popularized throughout the province. The vaccination staff are professional, and a province-wide intelligent immunization service information system has been established, providing the resources and conditions for the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics. However, there are problems such as low data quality and matching efficiency in vaccination, insufficient data interoperability and sharing, unbalanced regional capabilities in intelligent transformation, and uneven distribution of talent and resources. It is crucial to seize the opportunities presented by the development of big data and artificial intelligence, rely on the regional development of the Internet and health industry, seize the opportunity of rapid growth in demand for intelligent vaccination services and high public acceptance, accelerate the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics, and establish intelligent vaccination service standards as soon as possible. Conclusion We should seize the opportunities presented by the digital reform and development, fully utilize the existing vaccination resources and strengths, address the shortcomings, and accelerate the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics in Zhejiang Province.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of school injury among students aged 3 to 18 years in Yantian District of Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, so as to provide the reference for developing the strategies for prevention and control of school injury. Methods: Data of the students aged 3 to 18 years who were initially diagnosed as injury in sentinel hospitals and whose injuries occurred in nurseries, primary or middle schools in Yantian District in 2023, were collected from the Shenzhen Injury Surveillance System. The onset time, places, activities, characteristics and sites of injury were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 1 681 cases of school injuries among students aged 3 to 18 years were reported in Yantian District in 2023, including 1 182 boys and 499 girls, with a boy-to-girl ratio of 2.37∶1. There were 206 preschool children (12.25%), 856 primary school students (50.92%), 358 junior high school students (21.30%) and 261 high school students (15.53%). The peak months for school injuries were February to June, accounting for 49.97%; the peak time period was from 15: 00 to 18: 59, accounting for 44.68%. The main causes of injuries included falls (41.94%) and blunt injury (33.85%). The activities at the time of injury mainly included leisure activities (57.70%) and physical activities (21.83%). Contusion/abrasion was the main characteristics (49.20%). Mild injury was predominant, accounting for 74.60%, and there was no fatal case. The top three injury sites were the head and neck, upper limbs and lower limbs, accounting for 36.94%, 27.54%, and 24.33%, respectively. Boys had higher proportions of blunt injuries and contusion/abrasion (AR=4.8 and 4.0). The proportion of sports injuries, sprains/strains and lower limb injuries increased with grade (all P<0.05). Conclusions School injury among students predominantly occur in spring when having leisure or physical activities in Yantian District. The main causes of injuries are falls and blunt injury, with boys and primary school students being the high-risk groups.

Objective:To construct a reliability management model of medical equipment in the department of respiratory and critical care medicine,and to explore its application effect in the management of medical equipment in the department of respiratory and critical care medicine.Methods:Taking the reliability of equipment management content and management methods as evaluation indexes,standardized procedures of equipment use,cleaning and emergency management were formed,and a reliability management model for medical equipment in the department of respiratory and critical care medicine was constructed.A total of 63 medical devices in clinical use in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected.According to different management modes,conventional management mode(32 devices)and reliability management mode(31 devices)were adopted respectively.The equipment management index score,equipment goal achievement degree and equipment management defect rate,and the equipment management recognition scores of the engineers,equipment operation technicians and doctors of equipment use management were compared between the two management modes.Results:The average recognition scores of the engineers,operating technicians and doctors for the use of equipment of the reliability management model were(90.66±5.25)points,(91.54±4.14)points and(92.17±5.17)points,respectively,which were higher than those of the conventional management model,the difference was statistically significant(t=14.249,13.773,12.267,P<0.05).The average scores of equipment resource allocation,information technology,technical support and management performance indicators of the reliability management mode were(90.25±4.12)points,(92.45±3.26)points,(91.47±2.78)points and(90.25±3.11)points,respectively,which were higher than those of conventional management mode,the difference was statistically significant(t=12.122,18.379,15.581,14.141,P<0.05).The average scores of equipment use standardization,cleaning completion and emergency management timeliness of reliability management mode were(92.36±3.25)points,(90.69±3.69)points and(91.87±3.01)points,respectively,which were higher than those of the conventional management mode,the difference was statistically significant(t=14.953,15.030,14.401,P<0.05).The number of equipment damaged,repaired and factory repair of the reliability management mode was 1,1 and 2,respectively,and the defect rates were 3.22%,3.22%and 6.45%,respectively,which were lower than those of the conventional management mode,the difference was statistically significant(x2=8.581,9.908,8.782,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of reliability-based medical equipment management model to the medical equipment management of respiratory and critical care medicine can improve the quality of equipment management and operation,reduce the failure rate of equipment,and improve the service level of equipment.

Objective    To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mitral valve surgery and cryoablation in elderly patients with mitral valve disease and persistent or long-term persistent atrial fibrillation. Methods    From May 2014 to July 2018, 144 patients with mitral valve diseases combined with persistent or long-term persistent atrial fibrillation in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command were selected. Among them, there were 69 patients in a non-elderly group (<60 years) including 18 males and 51 females aged 52.07±5.56 years, and 75 patients in an elderly group (≥60 years) including 32 males and 43 females aged 65.23±4.29 years. A propensity-score matching (PSM) study was conducted to eliminate confounding factors. Both groups underwent mitral valve surgery and cryoablation at the same time. A 2-year follow-up was conducted after discharge from the hospital, and the perioperative and postoperative efficacy indexes were compared between the two groups. Results    After PSM analysis, there were 56 patients in each group. The sinus rhythm conversion rate of the two groups at each follow-up time point was above 85%, and the cardiac function was graded asⅠorⅡ, which was significantly improved compared with that before the surgery, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Among the perioperative indicators of the two groups, the elderly group had more coronary artery bypass graft surgeries and longer postoperative ICU stay time compared with the non-elderly group (P<0.05), and the differences in other indicators were not statistically different (P>0.05). Conclusion    The mitral valve surgery and cryoablation in elderly patients with mitral valve diseases combined with persistent or long-term persistent atrial fibrillation are safe, and the short-term outcome is satisfactory.

Uveal melanoma (UM) is an aggressive and lethal tumor in the eye. The complexity and heterogeneity of UM and its microenvironment leads to a lack of strategies for early prevention and treatment of metastases. Single-cell sequencing technologies provide critical insights into deciphering the complexity of intratumor heterogeneity and the microenvironment by enabling genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic analysis at the single-cell level. With the help of bioinformatics analysis combined with artificial intelligence algorithms, molecular indicator systems related to prognosis as well as therapeutic targets can be found, which can provide a basis for guiding the selection of clinical treatment plans. However, the single-cell sequencing technology also has certain limitations, such as high sample requirements, expensive and time-consuming sequencing. It is believed that with the improvement of science and technology and the update of analytical methods, these shortcomings can be gradually solved, and this rare tumor will eventually be overcome in the future, and the goal of long-term survival of UM patients will be achieved.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of hospitalization in patients with mild active Crohn′s disease or in clinical remission during long-term follow-up.Methods:This was a prospective cohort study. From August 5, 2013 to January 5, 2015, 123 patients with mild active Crohn′s disease or in clinical remission visited the Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected. The baseline information of all the patients were collected, including the general data such as age and gender, clinical data such as extra-intestinal manifestations, complications, efficacy of glucocorticoid usage, serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum albumin, and the total score and the subscore in systemic symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ). All the patients were followed up for a long time till May 31, 2022 or the date of hospitalization due to the disease. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to define the optimal cut-off values of hsCRP and serum albumin for hospitalization prediction. Multivariate Cox regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of hospitalization.Results:The median age of 123 patients was 32.0 years old (25.0 years old, 49.0 years old), 32.5% (40/123) were female, and 71 cases (57.7%) were hospitalized because of disease, and the median follow-up time was 29.2 months (9.0 months, 57.9 months). ROC analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of hsCRP and serum albumin in predicting hospitalization because of disease in patients with Crohn′s disease was 1.5 mg/L and 40 g/L (both P<0.001), respectively.Multivariate Cox regression model showed that the extra-intestinal manifestations ( HR=1.869, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.014 to 3.443), complications ( HR=2.511, 95% CI 1.368 to 4.608), glucocorticoid dependence or refractory ( HR=1.958, 95% CI 1.128 to 3.396), serum hsCRP≥1.5 mg/L ( HR=2.116, 95% CI 1.111 to 4.029) and serum albumin≤40 g/L ( HR=3.040, 95% CI 1.716 to 5.386) were independent risk factors of hospitalization because of disease in patients with Crohn′s disease ( P=0.045, 0.003, 0.017, 0.023, and <0.001). However, IBDQ subscore in systemic symptoms ( HR=0.873, 95% CI 0.805 to 0.948) was an independent protective factor of hospitalization because of disease ( P=0.001). Conclusions:Patients with Crohn′s disease at remission stage or mild activity stage who have extra-intestinal manifestations, complications, glucocorticoid dependence or refractory, serum hsCRP≥1.5 mg/L or serum albumin≤40 g/L are at high risk of hospitalization because of disease, and should be given more active treatments and more frequent follow-up. Patients with higher IBDQ subscore in systemic symptoms are more likely to gain a long-term stable condition.