ObjectiveTo investigate the material basis of the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemic injury with blood stasis and toxin syndrome and to explore the protective effects of Huayu Jiedu prescription （HYJDP） on neutrophil extracellular trap-related cell death （NETosis） in cerebral ischemic injury following acute cerebral infarction. MethodsSeventy-two Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into six groups （n=12 per group）： sham operation （Sham） group， blood stasis and toxin model （Model） group， low-， medium-， and high-dose HYJDP groups （HYJDP-L， HYJDP-M， and HYJDP-H； 9， 18， and 36 g·kg^-1， respectively）， and butylphthalide （NBP） group （0.06 g·kg^-1）. Except for the Sham group， rats in all other groups were subjected to carrageenan/dry yeast combined with a modified intraluminal filament method to establish a focal cerebral ischemia model of the middle cerebral artery with blood stasis and toxin syndrome. Neurological function was evaluated at 24 h after modeling using the Zea-Longa neurological deficit score. Cerebral infarction rate was assessed by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Pathological morphology of brain tissue was observed using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine serum levels of interleukin-8 （IL-8）， myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes （MPO-DNA）， and citrullinated histone H3 （CitH3）. Protein expression of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （p-PI3K）， protein kinase B （p-Akt）， mammalian target of rapamycin （p-mTOR）， sequestosome 1 （p62）， and CitH3 in brain tissue was detected by Western blot. Immunofluorescence （IF） was used to detect the expression of neutrophil-specific marker Ly6G， CitH3， and neuron-specific nuclear protein （NeuN） in brain tissue. ResultsCompared with the Sham group， neurological deficit scores and cerebral infarction rates in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01 for both）. HE staining showed varying degrees of neuronal degeneration and necrosis， characterized by blurred neuronal structures， nuclear pyknosis and fragmentation， cytoplasmic dissolution into a vacuolated reticular pattern， and mild glial cell proliferation. ELISA results showed that serum levels of IL-8， MPO-DNA， and CitH3 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Western blot analysis demonstrated decreased expression of p-PI3K， p-Akt， p-mTOR， and p62， while CitH3 expression was significantly increased （P<0.01）. IF results showed an increased number of NETs⁺ cells and a significant decrease in NeuN⁺ cells （P<0.01）. Compared with the Model group， neurological deficit scores in the HYJDP-H group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and cerebral infarction rates in the HYJDP-H and NBP groups were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. HE staining showed that brain tissue damage was markedly alleviated in the HYJDP-H group. ELISA results showed that levels of IL-8， MPO-DNA， and CitH3 were significantly decreased in the HYJDP-M， HYJDP-H， and NBP groups （P<0.01）. Western blot analysis showed that expression of p-PI3K， p-Akt， p-mTOR， and p62 was significantly increased in the HYJDP-H and NBP groups， while CitH3 expression was significantly reduced in all drug intervention groups （P<0.01）. IF results showed that the number of NETs⁺ cells was significantly decreased and the number of NeuN⁺ cells was significantly increased in all drug intervention groups （P<0.01）. ConclusionNETs may be the material basis of the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemic injury characterized by blood stasis and toxin. HYJDP can regulate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway， reduce the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and NETosis-related products， alleviate cerebral ischemic injury caused by autophagy-dependent NETosis， and thereby exert a neuroprotective effect.

The advanced platelet-rich fibrin(A-PRF)and concentrated growth factor(CGF)are platelet concentrates(PCs)obtained through the collection of venous blood from the patient and using different centrifugation procedures.Both are rich in growth factors,and the internal fibrin structure within them serves as a natural three-dimensional scaffold for the release of growth factors.They possess characteristics such as low cost,high safety and superior regenerative potential.Currently,they have gained wide-spread attention in the field of regeneration and repair of soft and hard tissues in oral implantation.This review provides the progress of A-PRF and CGF research,focusing on their preparation methods,application methods,potential regeneration mechanisms and a comparison of components and scaffold structures promoting alveolar bone defect repair between A-PRF and CGF.

The advanced platelet-rich fibrin(A-PRF)and concentrated growth factor(CGF)are platelet concentrates(PCs)obtained through the collection of venous blood from the patient and using different centrifugation procedures.Both are rich in growth factors,and the internal fibrin structure within them serves as a natural three-dimensional scaffold for the release of growth factors.They possess characteristics such as low cost,high safety and superior regenerative potential.Currently,they have gained wide-spread attention in the field of regeneration and repair of soft and hard tissues in oral implantation.This review provides the progress of A-PRF and CGF research,focusing on their preparation methods,application methods,potential regeneration mechanisms and a comparison of components and scaffold structures promoting alveolar bone defect repair between A-PRF and CGF.

Objective To analyze the research trends and frontier of TCM regulation of NF-κB;To provide reference for related research.Methods Relevant literature about TCM regulation of NF-κB was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data,CBM and Web of Science from January 1,2013 to December 31,2022.VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2.R4 software were used for visualization analysis on authors,institutions and keywords.Results Totally 3 728 articles in Chinese and 995 in English were included,and the number of articles was on the rise.The Chinese and English articles involved 487 and 237 core authors,respectively,forming research teams represented by Yan Guanghai,Liu Jian,Wang Li,and Li Wei,Zhang Li,Zhang Yu,etc.There were 7 and 8 effective clusters in Chinese and English articles respectively.Keyword analysis showed that this research field mainly focused on diseases(inflammatory diseases,tumors,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,etc.),research methods(in vivo experiment,in vitro experiment)and intervention methods(acupuncture,TCM monomer,TCM compound,etc.).Conclusion TCM regulation of NF-κB mainly focuses on related diseases and intervention methods,and it is a research trend to find drug action targets and conduct experimental verification through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.

Objective:To compare the safety of radial artery puncture in elderly patients aged 75 years and older who are undergoing neurointerventional procedures.Methods:A single-center retrospective study was conducted, involving 350 elderly patients aged 75 years and older who received neurointerventional treatment at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June to December 2022.The participants were divided into two groups based on the puncture site: femoral artery puncture and radial artery puncture.The safety indicators compared between the two groups included puncture failure, changes in puncture site, general puncture complications(such as subcutaneous bleeding, puncture site hematoma, and vasospasm), severe puncture complications(including distal limb ischemia and pseudoaneurysm), and lower limb venous thrombosis.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of different puncture methods on the occurrence of complications.Results:Among the 350 patients, 280 underwent femoral artery puncture, while 70 underwent radial artery puncture.There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups(all P>0.05).The proportions of patients using antiplatelet drugs prior to surgery, puncture failure rates, rates of change in puncture sites, and the incidence of severe complications-including distal limb ischemia and pseudoaneurysm-were not significantly different between the two groups( χ2=2.051, 0.075, 0.588, 3.175; P=0.152, 0.784, 0.443, 0.075).In the femoral artery puncture group, 20.4%(57 cases)of patients experienced general puncture complications(including subcutaneous bleeding, puncture site hematoma, and vasospasm), whereas only 8.6%(6 cases)in the radial artery puncture group experienced such complications, revealing a statistically significant difference between the two groups( χ2=5.720, P=0.022).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that, compared to femoral artery puncture, radial artery puncture was associated with a reduced risk of all complications( OR=0.272, 95% CI: 0.139-0.532, P<0.001), general puncture complications( OR=0.375, 95% CI: 0.153-0.919, P=0.032)and lower limb venous thrombosis( OR=0.219, 95% CI: 0.050-0.954, P=0.043). Conclusions:In elderly patients aged 75 years and older who are undergoing neurointerventional procedures, radial artery puncture is associated with a reduced incidence of general puncture complications and lower limb venous thrombosis when compared to femoral artery puncture, indicating a superior safety profile.

Objective::To evaluate the intervention effect of Bushen Tongluo formula on zebrafish osteoporosis model and to clarify its regulation of autophagy mechanism on osteoclast differentiation. Method::The 260 young zebrafishes (3 dpf) were selected, the zebrafish osteoporosis model was established with 25 mmol·L^-1 prednisolone (Pred) for 3 days, confirming the successful model by calcein staining. The zebrafishes were divided into control group, Pred group (25 mmol·L^-1), etidronate disodium (ED) group (300 mg·L^-1), Bushen (BS) group (180 mg·L^-1), Tongluo (TL) group (30 mg·L^-1), and Bushen Tongluo (BSTL) group (210 mg·L^-1), 40 tails per group. After intervened with medicine for 4 days, the calcein staining was adopted to count the vertebral bone fluorescence area of zebrafish, Real-time PCR was adopted to detect the mRNA expression of akaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein 2b (BMP-2b), runt-related protein 2 (Runx2) and cathepsin K (CTSK), phosphorus and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic-1 (NFATC-1). Divided RAW264.7 cells into control, Rankl induction (10 μg·L^-1), BS (180 mg·L^-1), TL (30 mg·L^-1), and BSTL group (210 mg·L^-1) after they were cultured to 80%-90% density. The expression of actin ring was detected by phalloidin cytoskeleton staining. The mRNA expression of TRAP, CTSK and autophagy-related genes 5 (ATG5), autophagy-related genes 7 (ATG7), and ubiquitin-binding protein p62 (p62) were detected by Real-time PCR. Result::Compared with the control group in vivo, the vertebral area and ALP, BMP-2b, and Runx2 expression of zebrafish in the Pred group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and CTSK, TRAP, and NFATC-1 expression of zebrafish were significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with the Pred group, the vertebral area of the TL (P<0.05) and BSTL group (P<0.01) increased significantly. The expressions of ALP, BMP-2b, and Runx2 in the BS, TL, and BSTL group were significant increased (P<0.01). The expression of CTSK, TRAP, and NFATC-1 in BSTL group were significant decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the control group in vitro, the number of actin rings (P<0.01) and CTSK, TRAP, ATG5 (P<0.01) expression and ATG7, p62 (P<0.01) expression were significantly increased in the Rankl-induced group. Compared with the Rankl induction group, the number of actin rings and CTSK and TRAP expression were significantly decreased in the BS, TL, and BSTL group (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the expression of ATG5, ATG7, and p62 were significant decreased in the BSTL group (P<0.05). Conclusion::BSTL can significantly improve prednisolone-induced zebrafish osteoporosis and inhibit osteoclast differentiation by reducing autophagy-related gene expression.