Objective To compare the clinical evaluative value of ultrasound and X-ray in the healing of clavicle fractures in children.Methods A total of 52 pediatric patients with closed complete clavicle fractures were selected.Dynamic monitoring was conducted three times using both ultrasound and X-ray examination after the fracture was confirmed.Ultrasound examination was performed after each X-ray examination.Ultrasound was used to conduct multi-sectional exploration and record the fracture conditions(such as angulation and displacement of the fracture ends),and surrounding soft tissue injuries(such as muscle soft tissue tears or swelling,and hematoma formation).The time of first callus appearance,and the morphology of the callus(including primarily the length,thickness and echo changes of the callus)were recorded and compared with X-ray findings.Results Fifty-two cases(100％)with X-ray plain film showed interruption of the cortical bone continuity,50 cases(96.2％)with ultrasound images showed interrupted and discontinuous of the cortical bone echo,while 2 cases(3.8％)were not definitively diagnosed as fractures.On the 7th day after the fracture,ultrasound detected callus formation in 10 patients(19.2％),while X-ray detected callus formation in 3 patients(5.8％),with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).On the 14th day after the fracture,ultrasound detected callus formation in 35 patients(67.3％),while X-ray detected callus formation in 25 patients(48.1％),with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).On the 3 5 th day after the fracture,ultrasound detected callus formation in 45 patients(86.5％),and X-ray detected callus formation in 47 patients(90.4％),with no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between ultrasound and X-ray in measuring the length and thickness of the callus(P＞0.05).Conclusion Musculoskeletal ultrasound examination can be used as a potential auxiliary method to evaluate fracture healing in children.

Objective To compare the clinical evaluative value of ultrasound and X-ray in the healing of clavicle fractures in children.Methods A total of 52 pediatric patients with closed complete clavicle fractures were selected.Dynamic monitoring was conducted three times using both ultrasound and X-ray examination after the fracture was confirmed.Ultrasound examination was performed after each X-ray examination.Ultrasound was used to conduct multi-sectional exploration and record the fracture conditions(such as angulation and displacement of the fracture ends),and surrounding soft tissue injuries(such as muscle soft tissue tears or swelling,and hematoma formation).The time of first callus appearance,and the morphology of the callus(including primarily the length,thickness and echo changes of the callus)were recorded and compared with X-ray findings.Results Fifty-two cases(100％)with X-ray plain film showed interruption of the cortical bone continuity,50 cases(96.2％)with ultrasound images showed interrupted and discontinuous of the cortical bone echo,while 2 cases(3.8％)were not definitively diagnosed as fractures.On the 7th day after the fracture,ultrasound detected callus formation in 10 patients(19.2％),while X-ray detected callus formation in 3 patients(5.8％),with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).On the 14th day after the fracture,ultrasound detected callus formation in 35 patients(67.3％),while X-ray detected callus formation in 25 patients(48.1％),with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).On the 3 5 th day after the fracture,ultrasound detected callus formation in 45 patients(86.5％),and X-ray detected callus formation in 47 patients(90.4％),with no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between ultrasound and X-ray in measuring the length and thickness of the callus(P＞0.05).Conclusion Musculoskeletal ultrasound examination can be used as a potential auxiliary method to evaluate fracture healing in children.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome