Using Burian-Allen bipolar contact lens electrode, Authors examined the normal 120 eyes of 120 subjects(male 57, female 63), age ranged 7 to 83 years(mean 44.5 years), with the method which was same as the ISCEV standard. There was no statistically significant differences between the value obtained using Burian-Allen electrode and the value obtained using ERG-jet electrode(p>0.05). We expect that this data would be useful testing method to evaluate the retinal disease. And this data may provide new reference value in the study of electroretinogram.
Electrodes* ; Electroretinography* ; Female ; Humans ; Reference Values* ; Retinal Diseases

To study the morphological anatomy of ophthalmic artery and its branches in the Korean adults, the author dissected fifteen cadaver orbits, and reviewed fifty carotid angiograms and ten high resolution magnetic resonance images of orbit. In 8 of 15(53.3%) cadavers the ophthalmic artery arises at the upper medial circumference of the internal carotid artery in the cerebral portion of the intracranial cavity. The ophthalmic artery crosses over the optic verve in 21 of 25 cases(84.0%: Cadaver 11/15, Orbit MRI 10/10) and passes under the optic verve in 4 of 25 cases(16.0%: Cadaver 4/15, Orbit MRI(10/10). Average distance from its origin to its first branch was 21.9mm. The central retinal artery and medial posterior ciliary artery were identified its frist branch in 7 of 15 cases(46.7%). The tortuous central retinal artery courses forward inferior to the optic verve and mostly enters inferomedial side of the optic nerve in 9 of 15 cases(60.0%), penetrating into dural sheath at 13.0mm behind the globe. There were no significant difference in sexually or laterality(p>0.05). This result shares great deal of similarity with the previous reports(p>0.05).
Adult* ; Cadaver ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Ciliary Arteries ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ophthalmic Artery* ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Retinal Artery*

Hypertensive choroidopathy is seen in patients suffering from acute ypertension such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, renal disease, connective tissue disease, and accelerated essential hypertension, which can affect the visual acuity in many ways. Especially, retinal detachment is the most important factor in visual prognosis, so understanding its clinical course is important to the ophthalmologist. We diagnosed the 257 severe preeclampsia and eclampsia patinents at the Soonchunhyang University Hospital from January 1987 to Auguest 1996, and found 19 cases of serous retinal detachment. The fluorescein angiography showed delayed perfusion of the choriocapillaris in the earlyphase and marked pooling of dye in subretinal space in the late phase. The results of this study revealed that serous retinal detachment occured mostly binoculary (83.3%); the extent of the pathologic region ranged from 2.11DD to 7.2DD (mean 4.06DD); total bullous retinal detachment was found in one case; the duration of reattachment ranged from 8 to 43 days (mean 9.95days); and the recovery interval of visual acuity was between 21 to 35 days(average interval 18.5 days). Of 12 cases followed up 11 cases showed normal visual acuity, normal visual field and retinal reattachment without the macular degeneration.
Connective Tissue Diseases ; Eclampsia ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; Macular Degeneration ; Perfusion ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Toxemia* ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

Clinical evaluation was performed in 181 eyes of 173 patients with retinal vein occlusion in aspects of disease onset, visual acuity, age and sex distribution, associated systemic disorders, laser treatment and ocular complications. The age of onset ranged from 20 to 82 years old. Seventy five patients were male and 98 were female. Central retinal vein occlusion included 38 eyes(ischemic type; 16 eyes, non-ischemic type; 22 eyes), hemi-central retinal vein occlusion 15 eyes(ischemic type; 5 eyes, non-ischemic type; 10 eyes), and branch retinal vein occlusion 128 eyes(major branch type; 91 eyes, macular branch type: 37 eyes). Hypertension was the most common associated systemic disease for each retinal vein occlusion type. The causes of severe visual loss in retinal vein occlusive diseases were macular edema, anterior and posterior segment neovascularization, and vitreous hemorrhage.
Age of Onset ; Aged, 80 and over ; Classification* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Sex Distribution ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

The authors experienced a case of 54 years old female patient who had sudden loss of vision in her right eye following intranasal ethmoidectomy. The computer tomography of orbit showed that RMR muscle was entrapped to medial orbital wall and optic nerve was strained and deviated to medial wall. The fluorescein angiogram showed central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in that eye.
Female ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Retinal Artery Occlusion* ; Retinal Artery*

The authors experienced a case of 54 years old female patient who had sudden loss of vision in her right eye following intranasal ethmoidectomy. The computer tomography of orbit showed that RMR muscle was entrapped to medial orbital wall and optic nerve was strained and deviated to medial wall. The fluorescein angiogram showed central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in that eye.
Female ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Retinal Artery Occlusion* ; Retinal Artery*

The authors performed Titmus and TNO stereopsis tests in the group of children amblyopes aged from 3 to 11 year old in order to evaluate clinical usefulness of stereopsis in amblyopia and preschool vision screening. 36(72%) and 42(84%) amblyopes could not pass the Titmus 100 see and TNO 120 see each and if 6 amblyopes who had 0.8 or better vision were excluded, the sensitivity were 82%(36/44) and 95%(42/44). Each visions of amblyopic eyes gave the main influence to decide stereoacuity in the Titmus test(correlation coefficient=0.69) and all of the amblyopes who had 3 or more interocular acuity differences could not pass the TNO 120 sec. As a result Titmus test had too low sensitivity to use as the screening test but it was useful to evaluate the vision of amblyopiceye. TNO was sensitive to interocular acuity differences and the authors thought that TNO 120 see can be used in the screening.
Amblyopia ; Child* ; Depth Perception* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Vision Screening

The Foster Kennedy syndrome is ipsilateral optic disc atrophy and contralateral optic disc edema that is caused not only frontal lobe tumor but also another intracranial tumors and non tumorous conditions. In this case, suspected neurofibromatosis by the skin and ocular manifestations, there are glioblastoma multiforme in left temporoparietal lobe and undefined mass with bony destruction of the ipsilateral sphenoidal wing ridge. Authors asserted that ipsilateral optic atrophy was caused by direct compression of the undefined mass on sphenoidal wing ridge to the optic nerve and the contralateral disc edema was result from high intracranial pressure caused by glioblastoma multiforme.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Atrophy ; Edema ; Female ; Filtering Surgery ; Frontal Lobe ; Glaucoma* ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Iris ; Neurofibromatoses ; Optic Atrophy ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Nerve Diseases* ; Parturition ; Skin

Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia(CPEO) is rare syndrome, which is characterized by slowly progressive blepharoptosis, paralysis of extraocular muscle and has involvement of other organs, particularly the retina, heart, endocrine gland, and bony skeleton. Histological examination of muscle showes characteristic ragged red fibers. Electron microscopy reveals a number of abnormal mitochondria which contain paracrystalline inclusion bodies. We experienced a 50-year-old female with CPEO, that was pathologically proven by electron microscopy and bilateral levator levator advancements were given for ptosis.
Blepharoptosis ; Endocrine Glands ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria ; Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External* ; Paralysis ; Retina ; Skeleton

The lymphangioma is a benign vascular tumor and, like hemangioma, represents a hamartomatous growths. The site of predilection include the head, neck. and axillae. Lymphangiomas tend to involve the bulbar conjunctiva as well as the eyelid and orbit. Histopathologieally three types of lymphangioma are encountered: demal, cavernous and cystit types. The clinical signs are proptosis, diffuse hematoma of eyelid and subconjunctival hemorrhage. Asymptomatic cases can be observed. The authors experienced a case of multiple lymphangiomas on the right supraorbital area in a 14-year-old man and reported light microscopic and electron microscopic findings of the lymphangioma.
Adolescent ; Axilla ; Conjunctiva ; Exophthalmos ; Eyelids ; Head ; Hemangioma ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lymphangioma* ; Neck ; Orbit