Using Burian-Allen bipolar contact lens electrode, Authors examined the normal 120 eyes of 120 subjects(male 57, female 63), age ranged 7 to 83 years(mean 44.5 years), with the method which was same as the ISCEV standard. There was no statistically significant differences between the value obtained using Burian-Allen electrode and the value obtained using ERG-jet electrode(p>0.05). We expect that this data would be useful testing method to evaluate the retinal disease. And this data may provide new reference value in the study of electroretinogram.
Electrodes* ; Electroretinography* ; Female ; Humans ; Reference Values* ; Retinal Diseases

To study the morphological anatomy of ophthalmic artery and its branches in the Korean adults, the author dissected fifteen cadaver orbits, and reviewed fifty carotid angiograms and ten high resolution magnetic resonance images of orbit. In 8 of 15(53.3%) cadavers the ophthalmic artery arises at the upper medial circumference of the internal carotid artery in the cerebral portion of the intracranial cavity. The ophthalmic artery crosses over the optic verve in 21 of 25 cases(84.0%: Cadaver 11/15, Orbit MRI 10/10) and passes under the optic verve in 4 of 25 cases(16.0%: Cadaver 4/15, Orbit MRI(10/10). Average distance from its origin to its first branch was 21.9mm. The central retinal artery and medial posterior ciliary artery were identified its frist branch in 7 of 15 cases(46.7%). The tortuous central retinal artery courses forward inferior to the optic verve and mostly enters inferomedial side of the optic nerve in 9 of 15 cases(60.0%), penetrating into dural sheath at 13.0mm behind the globe. There were no significant difference in sexually or laterality(p>0.05). This result shares great deal of similarity with the previous reports(p>0.05).
Adult* ; Cadaver ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Ciliary Arteries ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ophthalmic Artery* ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Retinal Artery*

Hypertensive choroidopathy is seen in patients suffering from acute ypertension such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, renal disease, connective tissue disease, and accelerated essential hypertension, which can affect the visual acuity in many ways. Especially, retinal detachment is the most important factor in visual prognosis, so understanding its clinical course is important to the ophthalmologist. We diagnosed the 257 severe preeclampsia and eclampsia patinents at the Soonchunhyang University Hospital from January 1987 to Auguest 1996, and found 19 cases of serous retinal detachment. The fluorescein angiography showed delayed perfusion of the choriocapillaris in the earlyphase and marked pooling of dye in subretinal space in the late phase. The results of this study revealed that serous retinal detachment occured mostly binoculary (83.3%); the extent of the pathologic region ranged from 2.11DD to 7.2DD (mean 4.06DD); total bullous retinal detachment was found in one case; the duration of reattachment ranged from 8 to 43 days (mean 9.95days); and the recovery interval of visual acuity was between 21 to 35 days(average interval 18.5 days). Of 12 cases followed up 11 cases showed normal visual acuity, normal visual field and retinal reattachment without the macular degeneration.
Connective Tissue Diseases ; Eclampsia ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; Macular Degeneration ; Perfusion ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Toxemia* ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

Clinical evaluation was performed in 181 eyes of 173 patients with retinal vein occlusion in aspects of disease onset, visual acuity, age and sex distribution, associated systemic disorders, laser treatment and ocular complications. The age of onset ranged from 20 to 82 years old. Seventy five patients were male and 98 were female. Central retinal vein occlusion included 38 eyes(ischemic type; 16 eyes, non-ischemic type; 22 eyes), hemi-central retinal vein occlusion 15 eyes(ischemic type; 5 eyes, non-ischemic type; 10 eyes), and branch retinal vein occlusion 128 eyes(major branch type; 91 eyes, macular branch type: 37 eyes). Hypertension was the most common associated systemic disease for each retinal vein occlusion type. The causes of severe visual loss in retinal vein occlusive diseases were macular edema, anterior and posterior segment neovascularization, and vitreous hemorrhage.
Age of Onset ; Aged, 80 and over ; Classification* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Sex Distribution ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

The authors experienced a case of 54 years old female patient who had sudden loss of vision in her right eye following intranasal ethmoidectomy. The computer tomography of orbit showed that RMR muscle was entrapped to medial orbital wall and optic nerve was strained and deviated to medial wall. The fluorescein angiogram showed central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in that eye.
Female ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Retinal Artery Occlusion* ; Retinal Artery*

The authors experienced a case of 54 years old female patient who had sudden loss of vision in her right eye following intranasal ethmoidectomy. The computer tomography of orbit showed that RMR muscle was entrapped to medial orbital wall and optic nerve was strained and deviated to medial wall. The fluorescein angiogram showed central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in that eye.
Female ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Retinal Artery Occlusion* ; Retinal Artery*

The lymphangioma is a benign vascular tumor and, like hemangioma, represents a hamartomatous growths. The site of predilection include the head, neck. and axillae. Lymphangiomas tend to involve the bulbar conjunctiva as well as the eyelid and orbit. Histopathologieally three types of lymphangioma are encountered: demal, cavernous and cystit types. The clinical signs are proptosis, diffuse hematoma of eyelid and subconjunctival hemorrhage. Asymptomatic cases can be observed. The authors experienced a case of multiple lymphangiomas on the right supraorbital area in a 14-year-old man and reported light microscopic and electron microscopic findings of the lymphangioma.
Adolescent ; Axilla ; Conjunctiva ; Exophthalmos ; Eyelids ; Head ; Hemangioma ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lymphangioma* ; Neck ; Orbit

We assessed the potential clinical usefulness of pattern-visual evoked potentials (=PVEP) in the diagnosis of amblyopia. 15 children with bilateral amblyopia, 64 children with unilateral amblyopia and 11 children without amblyopia participated. After estimating of visual acuity for each eye. PVEP were also obtained. Of the 15 bilateral amblyopic children 12 (80%) showed abnormally lower amplitudes than normal children and amplitudes of the rest 3 patients were in normal range and their visual acuity were relatively upper range, 0.5-0.6. Of the 64 unilateral amblyopic children 4 of 9(44.4%) children who had 2 line difference of interocular visual acuity, 2 of 3(67.7%) children who had 3 line difference and all children except 1 who had 4 or more line difference(99.9%) showed abnormal interocular amplitude difference ratio(=IADR). As a result, bilateral and unilateral amblyopia can be identified by PVEP amplitude and IADR and abnormal IADR shows that interocular visual acuity differences is over 3-4 lines. We thought that PVEP could be used to find the amblyopic eye and monitor the effect of treatment in preverbal children also.
Amblyopia* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Reference Values ; Visual Acuity

Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia(CPEO) is rare syndrome, which is characterized by slowly progressive blepharoptosis, paralysis of extraocular muscle and has involvement of other organs, particularly the retina, heart, endocrine gland, and bony skeleton. Histological examination of muscle showes characteristic ragged red fibers. Electron microscopy reveals a number of abnormal mitochondria which contain paracrystalline inclusion bodies. We experienced a 50-year-old female with CPEO, that was pathologically proven by electron microscopy and bilateral levator levator advancements were given for ptosis.
Blepharoptosis ; Endocrine Glands ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria ; Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External* ; Paralysis ; Retina ; Skeleton

Laser interferometry is used to evaluate the retinal visual function in the eyes with media opacity. Although interferometric acuity was known to be useful to predict postoperative Snellen acuity following cataract extraction, the results are somewhat confusing in the eyes with retinal diseases. The author measured interferometric acuity in 43 eyes from 32 patients who were affected by retinal diseases involving macula and had clear ocular media. Average interferometric acuity was 0.47. Hahn's acuity was 0.46 and correlation index between two acuities was 0.64 meaning moderate degree of correlation. Interferometric acuities were better than Hahn's acuity in 23 eyes(53.5%) and worse in 12 eyes(27.9%). Our results suggest that in eyes with macular lesion, interferometric acuity is not sufficient to predict Hahn's acuity although it has some degree of correlation. Therefore, in order to predict the postoperative visual acuity in eyes with media opacity and probable macular lesion, it will be necessary to combine other useful modalities.
Cataract Extraction ; Humans ; Interferometry ; Retinal Diseases* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Acuity*